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Crude palm Oil (CPO) industry belongs to an important business which has a network system, due to the fact that this product is not an end-product. The network system performs procurement of materials, then processing these materials into intermediate and finished products, and distribute of these intermediate/ finished products to customers. This process is called supply chain system. In this paper, the CPO milling industries does not have their own oil palm plantation, the FFB are supplied by surrounded public oil palm plantations. The availability of FFB is limited, therefore the management needs to choose from which plantations would be met the demand. This paper addresses a mixed integer linear programming model for the supply chain integrated problem, combined with waste processing. The mathematical programming model is solved using direct search approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crude refining capacity has significantly increased over the past 20 years due to demand growth on oil products. The growth of oil demand was associated with strict environment policies in order to reduce the carbon emissions, therefore, it is essential to follow the environmental guidelines, which present new challenges to the industry. Refinery operations must continue to develop via technology research, development, and increased energy efficiency to tackle the challenges and sustain the petroleum refining industry's sustainability. The high runs of refineries, on the other hand, comes at the expense of increasing fouling in different units. The wax elements of crude oil potentially contribute to fouling before the crude oil enters the refinery and fouling in refinery units. The presence of wax components increases fluid viscosity and its accumulation on the flow line section limits, obstructing filters, valves, and even pipelines, rising pumping costs, and decreasing or even blocking crude oil production, storage, and transportation. This review paper aims to highlight the difficult challenges of crude oil flow in pipes and identify the main source of refinery energy inefficiency, which is most likely fouling in preheat trains. Due to a lack of basic knowledge of the causes, deposition processes, deposit composition, and design implications, this has been a complex subject for decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author suggests using analytical and experimental cellular models to synthetize smart control systems for oil treatment facilities at oil and gas fields. The paper describes the mode setting method for the model of crude emulsion heating in a PTB-10E unit according to the field operation data using the software tools of model-based design. A simulation study of the heater dynamics was performed and an example of how to develop the smart control system for the heater using an MPC controller is provided. The conclusion was drawn regarding the possibility to use the created reference model to synthetize smart control systems for oil heaters and advisability of continuation of the works in the field of mathematic simulation for oil treatment facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By far, over the last couple of months, the day-to-day business activity of crude supply and demand in Indonesia has been in the position of barely touching the bottom line, moving disproportionally with the government's long- run strategic plan in providing sufficient energy supply for the consumers. The statistics have revealed the current energy supply realization is different than that of the last year. In brief, the performance of oil and gas export-import has been deeply disturbed since the global pandemic of Covid-19 broke out. This particular paper aims at portraying, from a macro perspective, the intricate nature of the oil and gas phenomenon, having many complexly interrelating variables. The methodology opted in this particular study is the multivariate linear regression to draw the complete picture of the relationship between the global pandemic and its profound impact on the oil and gas trade balance. The value of the originality of this study is to reveal the effect of a global pandemic to the Indonesia Economy at large and also to make suggestions to the policymakers, or other stakeholders in an effort to support the initiative of developing a strategic plan for the long-term sustainability of petroleum energy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]