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In the present world of advanced technology, we are entering a new era of computer technology, the full form of IoT being the Internet of Things. The Internet, a revolutionary invention, is constantly evolving into some new kind of hardware and software that has made it inevitable for everyone. IoT is a kind of global neural network in the cloud that allocates a lot. The communication system we see is person-to-person or device-to-person, but the IoT offers better future for the Internet, where communication type is machine-to-machine (M2M). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT display and its enabled technology and sensor network. This paper covers the subject matter, features, basic requirements and applications of IoT. The primary purpose of this research paper is to deliver an idea of the development and use of the IoT, its structure and advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing population growth has an impact on increasing waste production which is not balanced with the number of trash cans in urban areas. The cleaning staff plays an important role in monitoring the contents of the trash cans so that there is no pile of garbage that can carry various types of diseases. Monitoring the contents of trash cans carried out by cleaning staff at Kuntum Cemerlang School is still done manually, so it takes a long time to monitor all the contents of trash cans in the surrounding environment. If the trash can is empty or contains only a small amount of trash, then this will waste time and cause delays in disposing of waste to the waste bank. The purpose of this research is to implement an Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor based on the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the time spent by cleaners to monitor the contents of trash cans is more effective. The design of the tool starts from an ultrasonic sensor that is connected to an arduino uno based on the internet of things (IoT) using the blynk application service on a smartphone. android. The data from the ultrasonic sensor will be transmitted to database the blynk applicationvia the ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module so that the blynk application will display height information from the contents of the trash can. This study resulted in three conditions of the height of the contents of the trash can, namely: still empty, almost full and already full. If the trash can is full, the janitor will receive an email and the led light on the blynk application will turn red. System testing was carried out internally using paper waste with the conclusion that the monitoring system carried out in the study was more efficient than manual monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing buildings without a fire alarm monitoring system need an alternative installation cost-effective, flexible, and scalable and will not affect the building's aesthetics. In place of the conventional fire alarm monitoring system, an Internet of Things (IoT)fire sensor nodes were designed to monitor each room's temperature and analog CO level and deploy through point to point technique. An IoT fire alarm monitoring system using a wireless sensor network was developed through which real-time data of temperature and analog CO level were obtained from the fire sensor nodes. The IoT fire sensor nodes were deployed from rooms LB384 to LB387. Each room has a node, and each node has its designated Internet Protocol (IP) address. The data can be easily obtained and accessed through the cloud web server, and each IoT fire sensor node will send a notification to the user of the room through the IoT ThingSpeak monitoring widget. The IoT fire alarm monitoring system reduced the installation time and did not require significant building renovations based on the assessment. With the advancement of IoT, fire detection could then be realized such that people within buildings can have a good understanding of the safety of their living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing development and improvement of low-power wireless communication technologies enable many new applications to emerge on an Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main areas of healthcare research including new IoT programs to enhance both quality and access to healthcare and smart services; in this paper, we present the IoT hybrid health care monitoring system that integrates Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless networks technologies into a single platform that provides patient location, status, and tracking. Despite the great potential of such technologies to increase quality and experience and lower the cost of health care. The paper aims to address the complexities of RFID implementation in healthcare on patient safety through a literature review. Our primary findings indicate that the major obstacles to adoption are high adoption costs, protection and privacy-related concerns, and human security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mankind leads into a new age of modernization, security issues and measures have become exceedingly important. Considering an educational institute or workplace, keeping one's belongings safely with a minimal interface is the need of the hour. The traditional lock and key method of keeping personal items safe is clumsy and inconvenient. The recent developments in technology have provided innovative solutions to this problem. Gone are the days of the troublesome key and lock. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), along with Internet-of-Things (IoT), is a secure, user-friendly and efficient method to safeguard things. This combination comes with advantages such as high security, simplicity, cost-effectiveness and 'misplace-proof' methodology. This paper proposes a Smart RFID-IoT based Locker system. The locker works on RFID authentication technology, which is unique to every identity card of the user. It is also enabled with Wi-Fi connectivity to facilitate continual status monitoring, user login-logoff data storage, and unauthorized access surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are now entering a new era of development, such as the Web of Things (IoT). IOT is a cloud-based "complete overall neural framework" that connects numerous devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection ofcleverly connected devices and structures that include smart machines that interact and communicate with other machines, circumstances, things, and establishments, and advances in radio frequency identification (RFID) and sensor technology will help to address this new problem. People, programming structures, and diverse machines willshare information about the scenario and the surrounding state with IoT-enabled devices. The world will become more intelligent in every way as the Internet of Things advances. However, in the great majority of countries, internet access is only available to people who have access to computers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functioning of a smart city relies upon six key factors, which are smart governance, environment, living, people and mobility. This paper focuses on the smart mobility factor, within the context of a smart university which is a surrogate of a smart city. A proof of concept transport system will be developed. The transport system will consist of a third-generation bicycle-sharing platform, which will explore the usage of several technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The transportation system will consist of a permissioned Proof Of Authority (POA) blockchain network of docking stations, which users of the smart university campus will interact with through a mobile application to rent and dock bicycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper depends on the modern standard 4.0 conventions used at each period of crucial industrial applications. In view of ping demand reaction, idleness and throughput, examination is made between their upgraded exhibition in businesses like oil and gas, vitality utility, media transmission and some more industries. Likewise this paper outlines the advancement of IoT (Internet of Things) from HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) to lIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) for strategic models. This paper manages examination of proficient convention to deal with dynamic contributions according to SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). The Trial outcomes is acquired through demo industrial set up and recognized through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and resultant checked through Wireshark and LCD in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to provide benefit and value to the industry, government, society, and academic and research groups in this digital era. This research gives a bibliometric analysis of IoT research articles from the Google Scholar database from 2015 to 2021. Based on the keywords used in the paper title and abstract, a total of 850 documents from the Google Scholar database were discovered. We employ several tools and techniques such as Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis. The results of this study are reported using standard bibliometric indicators such as publishing trends, authorship patterns, co-occurrences, and top-cited articles. According to our data, since2015, the number of publications on IoT research has been steadily increasing. The top google Scholar cited per year belongs to the paper entitled "Prefabricated construction enabled by the Internet-of-Things". The findings of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge by providing a complete trend analysis of IoT in the Construction Industry papers published in the Google Scholar database between 2015 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drowsiness and Fatigue of drivers square measure among the numerous reasons for street mishaps. Street crashes square measure the chief normal styles of mishaps and passings around the world, and furthermore the significant explanations behind these mishaps square for the most part measure regularly intoxicated, laziness and crazy conduct of the main impetus once per year, they increment the measures of passings and fatalities wounds worldwide. in accordance with the globe Health Organization, street traffic wounds have up to 1.25 billion across the globe, that makes driver languor identification an intense expected space to deflect different rest prompted street mishaps during this paper, a module for Advanced Driver help System (ADAS) is presented to downsize the amount of mishaps because of drivers exhaustion and thusly increment the transportation wellbeing. This technique significantly manages the programmed driver tiredness identification upheld visual information and Machine learning. The model assesses each edge of the video, that assists with recognizing the condition of the main impetus. we tend to blessing each emotional and quantitative results to approve the cases made inside the paper. Communication is the best way of expressing your thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Among all the types of communication technologies, a audio, or a speech, it is the preferred, advanced, and professional means of communication between people. In the era of the Internet of Things is growing, and evolving, with more and more intelligent systems that will be available for day to day use. These types of applications, ranging from simple handheld devices, the structures of a complex of autonomous vehicles and automated systems that are used in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technological paradigm that has developed rapidly in the last few years in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Currently, several devices such as sensors, actuators, and other physical objects at this time are electronically using several engineering techniques that can be connected to the Internet so that they can be operated and monitored remotely without limitation of space and time, all of which are of course aimed at simplifying the process for some areas of life, This paper discusses laboratory-scale IoT implementation experiments in detail at each practical stage of the experiment, starting from the hardware scheme used in which there are electronic components and their interconnections (wiring), A system block diagram that describes the parts of the IoT system that are built, a technical block diagram includes the technical workings of each component, then the system algorithm consisting of a microcontroller programming algorithm and Graphic User Interface (GUI) software programming, an explanation of coding on the hardware side, namely the discussion of microcontroller programming using the C ++ language for Arduino, also coding on the software side, namely the discussion of GUI programming in the form of a website using the HTML and PHP programming languages using the My SQL database, and the last discussion regarding the results of the experiments that have been carried out shows the whole system is working well to form a simple laboratory-scale IoT system, All of these discussions are presented through a simple demonstration that is easy and inexpensive using electronic components that are common and easily available in the market so that the information in this paper can be replicated, adapted, and even practiced easily by readers, technically this paper shows how to control several component devices electronic remotely via the Internet using a practical and free method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stepped forward E-Passports with IoT devices assumes an essential element in momentum research. Additionally, getting the data, placed away on E-Passport is also an essential difficulty. In this paper, we've got proposed a stepped forward far- off E-Visa framework with simple stage protection. The number one aim of this advanced system is to devise and foster an excessive stage tremendous far-off identity and Savvy card which conveys the identity subtleties and visa limits. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a programmed ID innovation this is using Radio recurrence signals. Utilizing RFID labels as opposed to identity and visa information to conquer the paper works and document lacking difficulty with IoT devices improvements the superior protection highlights of an identity. Also, this advanced system provides high level security in customer information storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To design an Industrial Monitoring-IOT base system that automatically updates the details and control by using GSM-IOT communication network. Now a days we have to check the industrial machine working conditions, oil level, temperature level, voltage level, load level, motor speed, etc. Our work helps to provide the information about industrial machine automatically by using GSM-IOT. The above parameters are set and reset by using mobile phone. This will help to avoid the machine damage. In this paper Motor rpm sensor sense the speed of the motor. If the motor speed is exceed the limited level sensor send the information to the micro controller. Oil level sensor sense the oil level in the oil tank. Oil level is very low sensor send the information to the controller. Temperature sensor sense the heat of the machine, if any unwanted heat is generated temperature sensor send the information to the controller. Oil leakage sensor sense if any oil leakage occurs and send that information to the controller. Motor driver drive the DC motor. LCD display used to display the monitored information. For 3 phase motor Vibration sensor used to sense the vibration of the machine. 3-phase angle sensing is used to sense the mismatching connection. Coolant fan used for reduce the temperature. If the temperature is high coolant fan will on. Voltage sensing used to sense the voltage level and load sensing used to sense the load level whether load is high or not. Both are selected by keypad or by using GSM device. Micro-controller collects all the information and send that information to the destination throughGSM-IOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world is evolving and technically advancing, people need a lot of gadgets to be interconnected for the smooth functioning of the system and every gadget requires a certain amount of energy. Now with so many gadgets being used energy consumption has become a major threat to the world. Some devices take a lot of time to charge, and sometimes users even forget to turn off the charging port which leads to more energy loss and thus more carbon emissions. The proposed solution is to build a device that not only charges the devices but also stores the energy. The port auto-cuts the charging when a device is fully charged and stores the extra energy. In this paper, we have gone through different papers and have analyzed the algorithm they are using and their disadvantages. This survey contains a wide range of algorithms used for energy saving by researchers so as to learn more about green IoT and energy saving. Researchers can use this survey's insightful results as a guide to developing novel systems for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the modern technologies currently used. The IoT system consists of interconnected devices such as technological devices, sensors, and actuators that can collect data to transfer it without human intervention. Internet data could be reached either through a private web page via a smartphone or a personal computer. IoT has increased uses at the present time, which is used in industrial, health, agricultural sectors, etc. To do that, the cities will be Smart to enhance the daily activities of users by reducing the time consumed to access the required information. This paper provides a prototype for the application of a Smart campus that depends on the IoT. This paper also includes choosing the building of science departments in the College of Engineering Technology Najaf as an example of a Smart campus. The Packet Tracer v8.2 from Cisco involved many devices and components used to simulate the network in reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the world has become smart so that the people can communicate easily even from metropolitan cities to remote areas in the world. The modern world's homes have become smarter and more automated as a result of advancements in automation. One of the major challenges is the safety and security of the house. The main objective of this paper is to develop a home automation and to create a smart home security system with the help of IOT which can be remotely accessed by any android phone. In this paper, An IoT-based gas and fire alarm system is proposed, which detects gas and fire early on, produces an automatic alarm, and alerts the remote user about the outbreak. By preventing accidents, the proposed system can assist users in improving their safety standards with immediate response. Furthermore, instead of doorbell a doormat is provided which indicates arrival of a person by using piezoelectric sensor. Also, the easiest way to identify an individual is by their face. Face recognition involves two process, the first being face detection and the second being face recognition. In this paper, face recognition is also done using the programming language, python and its popular computer vision module, Open CV. The gas and fire detection system along with piezoelectric based welcome mat will be simulated using Proteus software and the results will be analyzed. The specification of each and every component is analyzed to make it more effective and compact. The experimental set up has been implemented and the simulations results have been verified with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters are unexpected, sudden events that may cause monumental damages to both materials and human lives. Hence, the unpredictability and destruction that follow when a disaster happens to pose a dire challenge for researchers, scientists, and governments to find ways to effectively handle the situation and flow of information when such an event strikes. The Internet of Things (IoT) presents a solution that involves using one or more mobile devices connected over the network, thus making the transfer of data and information more effective and efficient. This paper presents a holistic analysis of the state-of-the-art IoT technologies which can answer the challenge posed above, in addition to the demand for efficiency, mobility, accuracy, as well as better communications between the command center and all actors involved in disaster operations. The applications of IoT have varied for many purposes. We divide those purposes into two broad strokes of pre-disaster management and post-disaster management IoT-aided systems. For pre-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems are mostly used to predict the possible disaster that might happen using sensors placed in strategic places. Finally, for post-disaster management, the IoT-aided systems aid in improving the effectiveness and accuracy of evacuation, relief, and victim-tracking efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) denotes as one of the wireless communication appliances that are intensively developed. Application of this technology has implemented in many used cases such as smart city, healthcare, smart transportation, agriculture, and others. However, the increase of connected devices in communication systems will lead to scarcity issues on wireless spectrum resources. Thus, the implementation of cognitive radio mechanism in future communication system becomes important. On the other hand, the future communication technology is expected to apply green communication concept as well, so that the system can save energy usage and have self-powered by harvesting the energy from ambient. This paper will provide a literature review of cognitive radio based IoT with energy harvesting mechanism. This review will provide the comparative summary on several focus domains such as RF energy harvesting, spectrum sensing and utilization, and performance metric. Finally, it will address some open research issues for further works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on the use of the Internet of Things in the context of the transport sector. It discusses some areas of economy in which this technology is being used, and how it could be of use to the transport sector. Furthermore, the paper outlines some existing use cases of this technology and discusses how they could be further developed for greater safety and comfort. It also discusses some of the major challenges associated with this technology, such as security and privacy concerns. Finally, the paper provides some insight into what the future of this technology could be like, and what could be done to get there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lots of people in this world lack electricity and modern lighting. This problem is severe in rural areas. In most schools, houses, and offices, the management of the lighting system is done manually as per requirement. As the world is advancing, automation develops and spreading everywhere. In this paper, an automatic light switch device is controlled by face recognition. Face Recognition Automation (FRA) is a biometric recognition technology for processing information about facial features. Like other automation, it has the advantage: Faster processing of recognizing a face takes a second or less. The studies provide development and advancement of automation control in the individual room. The primary purpose of this paper is to improve automation control in the designated room. This paper aims to develop an automated program of accessibility in outlets and switching ON/OFF of lights. Having an auto switch and auto access by a face recognition control results in greater safety, flexibility, reliability, and much more precise data. The implementation of the entire Automatic lighting control system has been carried out using Raspberry PI 3B+. The software for controlling the relay switch for switching on and off the light based on the input from the sensor resides inside the microcontroller unit of Raspberry PI 3B+. The code for a sample node has was developed and executed. In operating, the user will just look in-front of the camera and let the camera recognize the pickles and send data to the Raspberry Pi 3b+ and then send a wavelength to the relay that makes lights and outlet on/off. Therefore, Face recognition is one of the best ways of operating that is invented in terms of automation. The face recognition system does not need physical contact with any machine upon operating, and Face recognition is easy to operate, especially for disabled people. The researchers encounter many errors in doing the research. Number one is the delay recognition and Multiple functions of switching. However, the system could be enhanced by replacing more power full camera and powerful board. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices to have made communication seamless. However, at the same time, with this ease, the need for security has also increased. This paper is a comprehensive study that describes the IoT in the healthcare sector and threats and privacy issues related to it. The authors have described the IoT Architecture and threats at each level of the architecture. The authors discuss various IoT Healthcare devices, implants, wearable, and products available in the market and possible security issues with the device. As a part of comprehensive analysis, various possible threats in the IoT healthcare sectors, security taxonomy such as the impact of the attack, attack level, etc. Various security requirements for the IoT Healthcare sectors are discussed. This paper further discusses various solutions to reduce the possibility of the IoT Healthcare sector's threats and security issues, using technologies such as Blockchain, Fog Computing, Symmetric Key Generation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of cars introduced a new problem of parking in malls, offices, etc. This problem is getting worse day by day and results in wastage of time of people and extra emission of carbon dioxide in searching for car parking in the parking area. To tackle this problem this paper will be proposing a model which uses new generation technologies like the Internet of Things, Cloud computing. In this paper we have proposed the whole model in three parts which are physical set up, cloud set up and customer set up. We have proposed a smart parking solution using optical through-beam sensors, which sense the light and based on that decide whether the parking is available or not. Due to cloud technology, we are benefiting from the cost by a great factor as we don't need physical centers for each parking arena separately. Thus, in the coming years, this model can be scaled to each parking arena in the world with the usage of cloud computing as the world is facing the same issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offered a framework on the Internet of Things (IoT) to observe and control the largest number of distribution electric transformers in Mosul city. This method has the advantage of providing continuous monitoring of electrical distribution transformers as load current, voltage, winding temperatures, oil level, and oil temperatures to provide timely alerts to correct if there is a malfunction to convert conventional monitoring to smart monitoring. As a result, the life of distribution transformers is extended, lowering the cost of maintenance. This paper suggests a design that utilized LoRa-WAN based on the IoT by using LoRa modules to send this data across a LoRa gateway that communicate to server via Cloud platform on the internet. If any of the distribution transformer's end devices (EDs) parameters exceeds the predetermined value, the EDs will send alerts to LoRa-Wan. After loRa will receive these alerts, the network then will implement the necessary action. This paper provides an implementation of simulation software (omnet++) program to assess the LoRa performance as implemented through the framework of FLoRa to simulate transformers for electrical distribution. The results of the study demonstrated the ability of modeling and simulating different environments by assigning suitable parameters value of LoRa for the carrier frequency, coding rate, spreading factor, bandwidth, and power transmit. Network performance has been improved through minimize the energy consumption for EDs and increase of the packets delivery ratio by reducing the size of the network's area, incrementing the number of LoRa gateways, and reducing the distance between the EDs and the gateway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a keen way to manage and distribute water from a water tank or reservoir to consumers with minimal wastage. The aim of this paper is to discuss about the implementation of an IoT (Internet of Things) based water distribution system that will diminish the water wastage by consumers. The setup can be extended from a small society to the entire urban infrastructure. The proposed system consists of a waterflow sensor, actuator, microcontroller (ESP8266), and a web-application which can remotely control, cut, monitor, and analyze the water usage. Administrators will have access to restrict the water flow and upon consumers' requests ancillary water can be supplied. Also, this system is equipped with machine learning techniques for predicting the usage and learns the flow patterns of water among different user spaces, which will be useful to estimate the water requirements. Also, classify consumers based on their usage. The application is equipped with a reward system where consumers are rewarded with ancillary water when their consumption is minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Multi-limit patient screen gets the physiological basic signs ceaselessly screens the patient by utilizing RFID tag of the individual. This frameworks and Internet of Things (IOT) in clinical thought. In this paper, we have arranged an IOT based framework where four cutoffs to be unequivocal heartbeat, temperature, wetness, and ECG are seen utilizing relating sensors. The undertaking seeing flourishing by utilizing RFID names for the specific individual information can be store on IOT. Standard clinical security information is at true danger of divulgence, and many related cases have happened all through the critical length. Individual clinical security information can be reasonably leaked to insurance working conditions, which bargain the privacy of people, yet similarly thwarts the sound improvement of the medical industry. In This paper to address clinical affirmation we utilized the RFID progress, proprietor necessities to login to the arrangement and proprietor will bring with or without set data from things talk where suitably all data moved by the stuff and make one record and store it into cloud. Since information proprietor can share to another client. Client needs to pick and login to the arrangement then they can download data which straightforwardly sent by proprietor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of success of rural countries like India. In this way, the proposed procedure is to utilize mechanization and web of thing (IoT) innovation to form agribusiness smart. There are currently several commercial IoT frameworks for water system planning that create differentiators for water monitoring and storage. However, this framework focuses on exploiting newly available water resources without controlling the selected water resources. Think about it, an inexpensive Arduino-based IoT framework was developed to design a computerized water system, and it will provide estimation of water requirements by using low-cost available sensors. This paper is around IOT based keen cultivating and water structure framework. The extreme motivation of this paper is to computerize the method of watering to plants. This work makes a difference us to notice the values of different parameters like moisture, temperature, humidity of plants and water them appropriately. This can be done utilizing Arduino board, voltage controller and transfer which commands the engine. In this paper, we have created an brilliantly water system framework that will control the water apportioning to the trim intelligently without any administrator and endeavors low-cost Arduino-based water system gadgets, sensors, particularly advanced procedures actualized in water system frameworks and farming, such as shrewdly water system frameworks. The main vision of this research is to detect minimum amount of water needed to nourish plants. Mass of the ranchers waste time instead of focusing on providing water to the crops at the time of need. The proposed framework find out the desired quantity of water on the basis of information received through the sensors - The main advantage of the system is the use of precision agribusiness and cloud platforms, which can expand the water use compost, which also helps in decision making. to increase crop yields. the weather conditions of the field. This article moreover points to create the water system framework for domestic gardening and this framework can be kept up without any human checking. It consequently checks the dampness of the soil beneath the tree and plants within the domestic cultivate and in case the dampness is moo it demonstrates the message and pours water naturally to the plants from the water capacity to which it is associated. The exact utilization of water system strategy is needed as there may be a requirement of precipitation or there may be dried regions. For this cause, a mechanized water system framework is utilized in which it is appropriate in all weather conditions. The soil dampness detector will sense the water substance and demonstrate either to pump the water or not. This will offer assistance to diminish the wastage of water additionally makes a difference to grow the plants indeed in the event that the human isn't physically present. The developed IoT framework has been tested in several field tests to calculate sensor accuracy, independent monitoring and operation, and usability monitoring, and to evaluate its capabilities and functionality. This framework appears to have been used effectively for the management and control of various water resources: water, groundwater, seawater and wastewater. By extension, it has been shown that the frame can be used for long periods without a source of control, which will make it a ideal device for using in annual crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vending machines are essential since many people depend on them to obtain products quickly. This paper aims to develop an innovative smart vending machine that uses Internet of Things(IoT) to dispense products in a cashless, more secure way and in less time compared to Radio frequency identification(RFID) based vending machines. Materials and Methods: This paper presents an innovative smart vending machine design and implementation with IoT and the NodeMCU module. The design allows accessing the required products via the mobile application. A total of 200 samples are used to verify the performance of the IoT based vending machine. In the vending machine, the products are assembled as per the size and shape for proper dispensing of items. Results: The IoT-based vending machine has an average mean time of 17.5 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 90%, whereas RFID-based vending machine has an average mean time of 22.2 seconds for dispensing a product and has an accuracy of 75%. Conclusion: In this paper,it is found that the IoT-based smart vending machine outperforms the RFID-based vending machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things (IoT) technology can connect various household devices through the internet network. This technology can help to monitor and control devices in the home, so efficiency can occur. This paper discusses the design of a smartphone-based application that can control television via the internet, so that it can be controlled even if the user is not in the TV room. This system uses a NodeMCU microcontroller to control infrared-based TV remotes. In addition, NodeMCU can decode real-time Firebase databases connected to smartphone applications programmed by using the Flutter framework. The developed application has a function that resembles the function of a TV remote in general. In addition to having commands such as a TV remote, the application also has additional features such as: "go to channel", "turn off timer", and "volume preset". Commands given through the UI of the app are stored in Firebase. The NodeMCU executes the command and transmits it with an infrared signal. The command is in the form of a Boolean variable. The test results show that the system can execute every command from the HP with an average execution time of 880 milliseconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet of things is becoming more mainstream, it's increasingly important to be able to send tiny bits of information from sensors over long distances while keeping their power usage low. And an effective solution for that is a Long Range Wide Area Network. This paper presents the design of a microstrip patch antenna operating in the 868Mhz LoRa frequency band with a gain of 2.31 dB and VSWR of 1.19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental tracking using sensing devices create the bottom for lots of the present day day research. The critical specs decided are temperature, humidity, strain, slight luminance in addition to fuel recognition. Several smart offerings were recommended to preserve an eye fixed on the ones parameters inside the form of Net ofPoints. To get right of entry to the facility location wherein standard sensing unit implementation is restricted, answers based totally upon Robot vehicle (Motor Home) proves to be attractive current era. The essential prerequisite for each day procedure is smart environmental monitoring. The company to the hassle is numerous. The paper recommended offers a company to these problems. A device is generally advocated this is a present day technique for retaining music of weather situation at particular vicinity and moreover making the data handy acrossthe area. The recommended generation behind the Net of Points is an inventive in addition to effective method to link topics to the net in addition to via the community worldwide. It is proposed to steps specs like Temperature, humidity, pressure, and additionally dampness the use of sensors. The data is received via using the controller device. Right here we are utilizing the ARM and additionally thusly a silicon chip with DHT11 temperature degree mugginess sensing unit, Gas sensor, Moisture sensing gadgets are excited time in Web page posted with respectiveof time. The evolved self enough vehicle is able to navigate itself independently from one region to a client-prescribed area, utilizing WI-FI module to manipulate the robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To bring a novel idea called ―Wearable Device for Child Safety Using SMS Based Communication Technique in IoT‖ Advantage of this device do not require a costly Smartphone, it can be used on any cellular phones and not a tough product to workout. This Device used here is to help the guardian to trace their children easily. There are a variety of existing smart watches on the market that help us track the activity of our children or even lead us to their presence by utilizing the device's Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) and Bluetooth are not comfortable to monitor 24 hours due to its unreliability, With the use of GSM mobile communication, this suggested solution uses an SMS-based communication method between the children's wearable equipment and the parent. The parent send a text with specific keys such as "LOCATION", "TEMPERATURE", ―GPS‖ to the proposed wearable gadget and the can send back the necessary information to the parents. This paper aims to provide the knowledge of secure about their children in today's time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding a concept that people cannot observe directly in real life is always challenging in education. It could be even more difficult for public health education topics such as viruses or bacteria. However, public health education is critical for understanding the knowledge of the virus in the age of COVID-19. Thus, this paper proposes a distributed mixed reality environment to enhance public health education in the internet of things (IoT) context. We introduce the design methodology based on the mixed reality interaction characteristics, the implementation, and the initial evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health monitoring systems are rapidly growing in recent times, Continuous monitoring of the patients is one of the big challenges for hospitals. Smart systems have been established to track the patient present health status; we focus on monitoring the patient's blood pressure, body temperature, Heart rate. In this project we use Arduino Mega 2560 which is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 comments. In this paper, Embedded C language by using Arduino is used to obtain the sensor values. IOT data cloud is used in this project. IOT is used in healthcare system to track the patients' health condition as a monitoring device. Cloud computing develops as a platform for IoT data storage, processing and analytics because of its simplicity, expandability and affordability. Transmit sensor values to Arduino and it sends to GSM and WIFI module to monitor the parameters of the patients. In this project the notifications of patient's health status are sent to the caretaker and nurse, simultaneously it is updated in webpages also for the doctor's reference. Taking in account, COVID 19 Pandemic is highly infectious and spreadable disease, so to maintain the social distance, this monitoring system is needed. It reduces the need for face-to-face appointments with doctors in hospital. ECG sensor is also used to decide the heart activity of the patients. This project aims for the patients who are in continuous monitoring and bedridden. The GSM and IOT technologies give the architecture for healthcare in this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature Inspired Computing Algorithms are the best solutions for solving complex problems around us. The objective of our paper use Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to optimize the shortest route between various departments located in university campus. The Internet of Things (IoT) technologies by navigation of mobile application to find shortest path located by online graphical form in a SR University campus. A graph is generated by MATLAB and the simulation results showing information of shortest route of source to destination & neighbour information. The working procedure of ACO is edge(departments) between vertices(paths) then maintain the pheromone level at that edge should be higher. As per pheromone level is high on that path, other ants also follow this path, or otherwise omitted the edge. The paper focus on Internet of Things (IoT) based ACO Optimized intelligent system for mobile phone application that students and visitors found nearest location within shortest time selective locations within SR University campus. For that save time and flexibility to find short route in a reasonable amount of time while using NIC based algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usage of technologically advanced devices has seen a boom in many domains, including education, automation, and healthcare; with most of the services requiring Internet-connectivity. To secure a network, device identification plays key role. In this paper, a device fingerprinting (DFP) model, which is able to distinguish between Internet of Things (IoT) and non-IoT devices, as well as uniquely identify individual devices, has been proposed. Four statistical features have been extracted from the consecutive five device-originated packets, to generate individual device fingerprints. The method has been evaluated using the Random Forest (RF) classifier and different datasets. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieves up to 99.8% accuracy in distinguishing between IoT and non-IoT devices and over 97.6% in classifying individual devices. These signify that the proposed method is useful in assisting operators in making their networks more secure and robust to security breaches and unauthorised access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which is used to collect sensitive and confidential information on a regular basis is on a surge. However many of these devices are unable to provide adequate security. Such flaws are needed to be addressed to a variety of products. One such device is a home security camera which can be used to lock or unlock the main door whenever a person enters. This paper proposes on enhancing the security of such devices, by introducing the emotion detection which can be used to analyse the behaviour of an individual. Based on this mechanism, we can stop the intruders, who vandalize or steal the valuables, from entering into the premises. The effectiveness of the proposed mechanism will help in reducing the theft that is happening in a locality. The accuracy of this system can go from 92 to 95 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things(IoT) has changed the world into a smart and autonomous world. The way in which we interact with each other and with the environment has changed.The IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and industry, but still suffers from privacy and security issues. The integration of blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has resolved many challenges faced by Internet of Things (IoT) such as decentralization, poor interoperability, privacyand security vulnerabilities. Blockchain when combined with IoT can solve many challenges of IoT systems. This integration will come out to be the better system for the environment in many aspects specially security which is the most important aspect to be considered. Also, the distributed ledger of Blockchain which when used in IoT can resolve many issues like scalability and authenticity. However, the integration of Blockchain technology with IoT originates various challenges like storage capacity and scalability, security, anonymity and data privacy etc. We first introduce Blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) and key characteristic of this integration. We will also concentrate the issued resolved by blockchain technology in Internet of Things (IoT). The main concern of this paper is to discuss the various challenges of integration of blockchain into IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once German Government had declared their Industry 4.0 strategy, many countries also followed suit to set their aim on promoting the manufacturing computerization in their country. However, there is a gap between the existing machines and the technology advances in Industry 4.0 such as cloud computing, internet of things, system integration and etcetera. The lack of experience to develop the industry 4.0 infrastructure is also one of the major obstacles in the developing countries. The aim of this paper is to address the challenges of implementing industry 4.0 Technology in machine-based manufacturing for small and medium companies. This paper focuses on Malaysia's Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that are undergoing Industry 4.0 transformation in order to serve as a reference for other developing countries like Malaysia in which a lot of SMEs are facing similar challenges. Based on the literature review and real cases in collaboration with companies in the industry, the challenges of data collection and system interoperability as well as the solutions are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart cities are a mixture of using different Internet of Things (IoT) devices and artificial intelligence techniques to develop a better environment for living. The paper's primary focus is on the various aspects of smart city infrastructure, and the threats surrounding it. We also discuss the vulnerabilities that cause the threats and the recommended solutions for these problems. We outline our proposed approach not to let these threats violate the infrastructure layout of smart cities. A breakdown of every smart city aspect alongside its threats, vulnerability, and solutions is described in the paper. Smart grid, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart buildings are the four main aspects of a smart city, whose details are presented in the paper keeping an information security perspective in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of things (IoT) includes a huge number of complex, diversified and heterogeneous devices that produce enormous data. To determine the complete history of data origin and to ensure that the data collected is trustworthy or not is quite challenging. Hence, it is desired that the data collected should be collated and analyzed in such a way so that actionable intelligence can be derived. This calls for device authorization & authentication and most importantly end-to-end provenance of data at all layers of IoT. Most of the traditional IoT solutions focus on centralized communication framework which is susceptible to single-point-of-failure. Amalgamation of blockchain technology into IoT supports decentralization, authentication, repudiation, immutability and end-to-end traceability. This paper starts with the explanation of IoT architecture, the need for data provenance and role of blockchain in IoT. Then, a deep understanding and analysis of blockchain-based existing schemes used for data provenance in IoT is covered. Finally, conceptual two-level hierarchical data provenance architecture for IoT using blockchain is presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is a widely-used method of storing and managing large amounts of data. It has provided end-user with real-time access to computing resources and simplifies the management of large amounts of data. However, it comes with its own set of energy-consuming factors that are studied and analyzed. Our main objective is to lessen the energy consumed by the Data Centres. In this paper we compare and analyze several energy efficient data centre options. Data was acquired from a variety of scholarly publications, papers, and the internet in order to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's population continues to age, elderly homecare has become a viable and sustainable solution for providing support and improving the well-being of aging individuals. By allowing elderly individuals to age in place, this approach can both improve their quality of life and provide cost-effective and socially responsible care. Especially in Aizuwakamatsu City, the problem of population aging is a very serious problem. Although home-based elderly care systems exist, they have room for improvement in terms of efficiency and security. Currently, these systems are not functioning at their best levels, and there is potential for further development to make them more efficient and secure for elderly individuals. The paper proposes a Home-based Elderly Care solution which makes use of the 5G mobile network slicing and describes how 5G network slicing can accommodate Smart Home - a popular IoT application. The state-of-the-art technologies pertaining to Smart Home is thoroughly studied and the findings summarized. The paper outlines the implementation and pilot of a smart home network slicing solution, including a secure and efficient emergency call system. This solution allows for quick dispatch of the appropriate caregivers in case of emergency, improving response times and ensuring the safety and security of elderly individuals. A proof-of-concept implementation is described thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication among physical objects is recently gaining a lot of attention due to a wide range of usage. The interconnection of everything, such as vehicles, drones, and home appliances, etc. is very common nowadays. With the growth of the Internet of Everything (IoE), data gathering, energy efficiency, task scheduling, and security are becoming interesting research domains for community experts. These dynamic and real-time issues need to be supervised by some intelligent mechanism that not only provides resolution but also examines the problem in a very structured manner. Such complex engineering optimization problems can be efficiently addressed by nature-inspired heuristic optimizations. This paper highlights a few of the major issues that are coherently dealt with in the literature using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization and its variants. The IoE is further categorized in the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and Internet of Drones (IoD) to present uncomplicated and distinct employment of ABC expansion. Finally, the paper presents recent research directions in the field of IoE and allied domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the survey is to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA. This paper uses the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method. The DLT is designed to reduce the security risks in IoT. In DLT, the blockchain (BC) platform has made the attention in IoT. However, computational cost with minimum scalability is not suitable for IoT. However, the IOTA technology in DLT has provided high scalability. The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in today's environment; it has some elements such as exchanging data and interconnecting each other with nodes. Previously there are several methods are used to identify the challenges and issues that occur in IoT using IOTA but does not provide sufficient accuracy. To overcome these issues in this paper, Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) method is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main idea of this research paper is to avoid food wastage by making an ordinary refrigerator smart cost-effectively instead of designing a brand new refrigerator which is a very costly affair. This paper deals with the complete design of an intelligent module based on Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) which can be fitted to any refrigerator with enough features thereby making it smart and modular. The module comprises an adjustable frame containing the processing unit at the top side, a display screen in front, and a weight measurement tray with camera sensing attached on one side of the refrigerator respectively. This design helps to remove the mess of wires inside the fridge which is a common issue with other smart refrigerators as evident from the literature review. At the end, results of system testing using ImageNet dataset are shown where an accuracy of 85% is achieved in item classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is experiencing the fastest technological changes to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of the body. Offering ubiquitous connectivity of bountiful real-time information sharing alongside functional benefits that accompany them, the Web of Things has turned into a charming power in the healthcare industry. The Internet of Things is like a digital fabric that is woven into the lives of all of us in one way or another. It's an arrangement of interrelated computing appliances, programmatic and mechanical machinery, creatures, or individuals that collect and share information about how they're utilized and about the climate around them. Until the only way to communicate with doctors was through visits and text messages. Hospitals and doctors could not keep track of the patient's condition and offer advice regularly. By the virtue of connecting any individual with the technology-driven virtual platform from an arbitrary position, it's an outstanding idea for medication, with medical care IoT expanding mutually with distant patients examining and electronic health records to transform the very approach of care. This paper discusses the available solutions to overcome prime causes behind maternal ailment and demise comprise hypertension and labor dystocia, along with the promise to develop healthcare solutions and support the accelerated elderly population both in their own houses and in retirement homes. This paper presents the best in class research of related areas, evaluating their strengths, weaknesses, and sustainability. It also discusses the affiliation of non-invasive biomedical sensors that collect bio-physiological signals like maternal respiration rate, fetal movement, body temperature, ECG, fall detection, blood pressure, and photoplethysmogram (PPG) by monitoring and registering patients vital information as well as to provide mechanisms to trigger alarms in emergencies along with health-improving suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Nowadays, an alarm and vehicle detection (AAVD) system is a necessity for many vehicles security such as a car, motorcycle, lorry and etc. The system promises better security awareness and vehicle tracking movement from any location at any time. In this paper, AAVD was designed and implemented specifically for motorcycle as a means to overcome the increment of stolen motorcycle cases in the community every year. The system is equipped with an alarm alert system that will be activated automatically when there is an attempt of theft, which also includes tracking movement detection in case the motorcycle is successfully stolen. Owner will be notified immediately through SMS if any strangemovement is detected from their motorcycle. Not only that, alarm will be triggered and vehicle location tracking is then activated. The global positioning system (GPS) module is used to track the location of the vehicle in the form of latitude and longitude value. These values are transmitted to the owner through a GSM module via Short Message Services (SMS). This simple communication of interconnected devices between vehicle and other electronic devices that has the capabilities to detect, notify, alarm and track is what made up an Internet of Thing (IoT) technology implementation in the system. Atthe end of this paper the AAVD system was successfully designed and assembled on a Yamaha, 110cc motorcycle. An analysis showed that about 74% of power was consumed for microcontroller, GSM and GPS module due to the signal stability requirement from transmitter to receiver. The accuracy of location detection was within 5-meters radius in theopen sky and 20 meters inside the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormality location frameworks conveyed for checking in oil and gas ventures are generally WSN based frameworks or SCADA frameworks which all experience the ill effects of significant impediments. WSN based frameworks are not homogenous or contradictory frameworks. They need facilitated correspondence and straightforwardness among districts and cycles. Then again, SCADA frameworks are costly, unyielding, not versatile, and furnish information with a long postponement. In this paper, a novel IoT based engineering is proposed for Oil and gas businesses to make information assortment from associated objects as straightforward, secure, hearty, solid and speedy. This paper audits and examinations recurrence and outcomes of disappointment rates for inward and outside consumption, human activity and normal powers are dissected and the normal disappointment rate for every disappointment instrument in oil pipeline transport frameworks. Verifiable information on results of the unplanned loss of regulation of inland pipelines are evaluated. To stay away from this event, designs for the most part do pressure transient investigation in the water powered plan period of pipeline network frameworks. Demonstrating and reproduction of homeless people in pipelines is an adequate and savvy technique for evaluating this issue and discovering specialized arrangements. Qualities and restrictions of different discovery and control procedures with some down to earth models are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the possibility of using radio transceivers HC-11 and NRF24L01 ++, as well as internal programmable operational amplifiers of microcontrollers in local positioning systems for mobile robots based on ultrasound to improve the characteristics of such systems and ease their development. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the characteristics of the developed software and hardware complex based on the STM32G4 microcontroller. Mathematical modeling is used to assess the repeatability of measurements carried out by the complex, and the influence of the hardware design of its modules on the deviations of measurements made. In conclusion, recommendations are given for further improvement of the proposed approach to the development and debugging of the positioning system. The results of the work can be useful for developers of mobile robots and Internet of Things nodes, seeking to simplify the design of hardware and software solutions through the use of modern technical means, and aimed at accelerating the prototyping processes and development in a digital production environment. The work is especially relevant in modern conditions of growing requirements for the speed of development of new devices and the emergence of a large number of alternative system nodes with different technical characteristics. Proper selection of such a node can help reduce the development costs while maintaining functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of edge computing allows the processing of data at the source of data. By combining edge computing with the cloud and the Internet of Things (IoT), data collection, processing, and storage can be managed effectively. This combined architecture has given hope for an automated surveillance system. This paper presents an edge–cloud – IoT-based Surveillance System that uses computer vision algorithms in the edge devices to process the video feed captured by cameras and store the required video backup in the cloud through IoT. This paper discusses the protocols used, task scheduling methods, metrics used to analyze the quality of service, and security and privacy issues. The dataset is collected from the SRMIST, Kattankulathur campus. The architecture is tested on the students' activities and is found efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]