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The global crisis brought on by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Tourism is one of the many industries that have been made public by the recent COVID-19 epidemic. Indonesia itself was affected by the impact that caused a decrease in both foreign and domestic tourists. Smart tourism through the metaverse concept is one of the proposed solutions to deal with this problem, considering that metaverse has been booming lately, so it can attract the attention of tourists who cannot come directly to the tourist attractions. This paper aims to provide new insights regarding how to improve the Indonesian economy through tourism, so people realize the importance of the metaverse in the future. Moreover, we believe that the future of this metaverse will be very bright because the advantages of technology used in the metaverse are very beneficial for users (Blockchain, Crypto, Non-Fungible Token). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MSMEs have a role in the economic growth of a country. There is one MSME that produces snacks in several areas on the Java island, Indonesia. Based on observations, there are risks related to work safety in the process of making these snacks. To identify the risk of work accidents in the process, research was conducted by combining the HIRA and FMEA methods. Risk identification is expected to be material for proposals to design procedures or equipment in the production process and act as technical control. In addition, risk identification can be the first step to minimize or prevent work accidents and create work safety. The steps of the research are identifying the process of making snacks, identifying hazards by recognizing the probability and consequence values, determining risk values, making risk maps, determining detection levels, calculating risk priority numbers, and controlling risk. Based on the steps that have been taken, risk control can be exposed to the use of PPE, administrative control, and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is fully engaged in the acceleration and prolongation of economic growth. Indonesia expects annual economic growth of 6 percent within 5 (five) years. One indicator of the ease of attracting foreign investors to Indonesia is to have rapid access to the investment licensing process. The Omnibus Legislation is used as a facility to promote the provision of investment. This system, the Spatial Planning Rule, affects at least 79 laws and regulations. This paper intends to analyze the Spatial Planning Law's reform through the omnibus law process, which is applied to the law of work development. Normative legal analysis is this type of research. A conceptual approach is a form used. This research shows that Indonesia's spatial planning reforms to encourage investment should, therefore, be introduced with the use of 5 (five) improvements. Simplifying simpler licensing forms has led to a spatial change in the direction of investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy is required by a country to carry out production activities and fulfill the unlimited needs of society. A common problem in economics is the limited availability of inputs, moreover, energy scarcity can lead to declining in economic productivities. This study aims to analyze whether energy demand has long-term and short-term relationships orneither just long-term nor short-term relationships. Based on the economic growth model and using per capita GDP as a proxy for the country's economic wealth, and primary energy supply as a proxy of energy supply, this research using the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) model. Data for this research were driven using secondary data provided by World Bank. The results indicate that there was only a long-term relationship established in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this time, there have been paradigm changes in the Government's mindset, especially in terms of achieving targets between investment activities to increase economic growth and efforts to conserve and protect the environment. It is in line with the issuance of the Job Creation Law in Indonesia, when the Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic happened, which resulted in Indonesia's economic growth continuing to weaken. For this reason, economic growth needs to increase through policies on ease of doing business and investment, which will impact economic growth. One of these policies is the ease of the licensing process. This article aims to examine the relationship between permits, especially building permits, and their effect on environmental protection by looking at and conducting literature studies and comparisons between the level of permits and the theoretical impact of ecological damage through the primary and secondary data, which was carried out within the scope of the research area located in South Jakarta, Indonesia. This research expects to be material for policymakers' consideration in further analysing the relationship between licensing, environmental protection, and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the increasing trend of greenhouse gas emission globally in the last few decades which contributes to environmental degradation and global warming, this study intends to measure and analyze the short- and long-run effects of road infrastructure, energy consumption, and economic growth on CO2 emission in Indonesia. This study focuses on Indonesia, considering the country as one of developing economies that ranked as the sixth-largest contributor to global CO2 emissions. Utilizing annual secondary data and analyzing it using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, this study documented the short-run effect of energy consumption on an increase in CO2 emissions. Meanwhile, in the long run, the increase in CO2 emissions in the country was attributed to the rise in road infrastructure, energy consumption, and economic growth. The economic growth-emissions relationship is relevant to the EKC hypothesis. These findings suggest an urgent need to introduce an energy-efficient transportation system, searching for new sources of renewable energy, implement green economic development measures, and increase public awareness on the importance of preserving the environment as a strategic effort to reduce CO2 emissions in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) stated that the Covid-19 pandemic could trigger an economic growth crisis that would affect a country's food security. This can interfere with one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely to maintain stable economic growth, one of which is for developing countries such as Indonesia. For this reason, in this study, an analysis was carried out to find out the relationship of social media to business development, innovation in helping the economy during the Covid-19 pandemic, which was tested with the Chi-square hypothesis test and t-test. Chi-square hypothesis test is a type of non-parametric comparative test conducted on two variables, where the data scale of the two variables is nominal or ratio. The Chi-square statistic hypothesis test in this study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between innovation in establishing a business and social media. The t-test was conducted to analysis difference in the average income both before and after the pandemic as well as before and after innovating. Thus, this study is expected to be used as a reference by the government to revive the economic sector during the digital-based Covid-19 pandemic that can support the country's economic recovery. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between business development innovation and the intensity of social media use. Based on the paired t-test, the results show that there are differences in the average income both before and after the pandemic as well as before and after innovating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world was shocked by the emergence of a new type of virus, namely Covid-19. 2020 March 2nd, President Joko Widodo announced two positive Covid-19 patients as the first cases of Covid-19 in.Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic and the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) carried out by the government harmed economic growth. The value of the IDX fell from 6000's to 4,000's after the first Covid-19 case in Indonesia. The IDX indicates an increasing trend when Joe Biden made his victory speech on 2020 November 7th. Intervention analysis is used to evaluate the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, LSSR and Joe Biden's victory speech on the IDX using the daily closing data from April 2019 to December 2020. The results of the intervention analysis obtained are the Covid-19 pandemic raised the IDX value by 233,70 points on the second day and raised 121,47 points on the third day since the announcement of the first Covid-19 patient in Indonesia. The implementation of the LSSR in DKI Jakarta lowered the IDX value by 167,31 points one day after the policy was implemented and Joe Biden's victory speech had no effect on the IDX value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strong correlation between economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has made the increasing level of CO2 emissions becomes a perpetual problem worldwide. Therefore, the efficacy of current energy and environment related policies needs to be evaluated. In this regard, finding a reliable model to accurately forecast CO2 emissions is of importance, particularly for a developing country like Indonesia. By involving an unbalanced panel data of 77 countries covering the period of 1966 to 2019, this paper proposes a model which relies on the machine learning method to forecast CO2 emissions in Indonesia and to predict the feasibility for decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth. This study finds the beneficial impacts of new and renewable energy on reducing CO2 emissions. However, the peak of CO2 emissions in Indonesia was not predicted. Hence, decarbonization of Indonesia's economy is not likely to be achieved in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of three-dimensional sustainable development requires every country to increase economic growth by using natural resources rationally by considering environmental and social quality as a determinant of public welfare. In Indonesia, there has not been a balance between the three dimensions, for example, DKI Jakarta Province has high economic growth and Human Development Index (HDI), but Environmental Quality Index (EQI) is the worst. Whereas Papua and West Papua have good environmental quality but are not supported by good HDI. Efforts in sustainable development are planned that integrate environmental, social, and economic aspects in development strategies. Therefore, this study used the BPS Statistics-Indonesia data for analyzing the causality between economy, environment, and human development in 33 provinces of Indonesia, from 2013 to 2017. By using the simultaneous equation of the panel data (2SLS) method, it results show that there is a positive simultaneous relationship between HDI, economic growth, and environmental quality. The Variables that influence economic growth are HDI and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Variables that influence environmental quality are economic growth, HDI, FDI, and population, while in human development are economic growth, EQI, and poverty. Human development has a big contribution to the implementation of sustainable development in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the principles to achieve national energy independence and resilience is to maximize the use of new and renewable energy (NRE) by taking into account the economic level and mastery of technology. The economic level is not only seen from the energy price point of view, but also must be seen from its impact on the environment, economic activity growth and employment. Mastery of technology and industry can guarantee the continuity of the use and development of NRE independently and sustainably. The contribution of NRE in national energy need is targeted as much as 23% in 2025, and 31.2% in 2050 (NEGP, 2017). In 2015 the contribution of NRE in national energy consumtion was only 5%, and in 2018 increased to around 12% (MEMR, 2018), the potential for renewable energy in Indonesia is quite high but its utilization is still not very significant, there are still limited research on it both by research institution as well as academia, it is presumably due to various challenges and obstacles both technical and non-technical. Result of this study analysis show that there is a need for comprehensive NRE roadmap supported by reliable regulations. Beside it, the implementation of energy independence requires involvement of quadruple helix collaboration, i.e. Academia; Business; Government; and Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]