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The blended learning (BL) services presented for the academic accreditation process of universities and other educational institutions is a policy that has been used rapidly in the educational area. This process represents a real challenge and a need for institutions to function by the challenges in the ways of development for the attainment of faculty and student satisfaction. The need for learning management systems (LMS) becomes a real advance to control the management of technological development. The purpose of this study is to overcome these challenges and speed up the whole e-learning process in a different manner. The study revealed the existence of an important gap between the important features of blended learning applications and the control management of LMS. The finding shows a systematic analysis of existing technologies and their effects on accreditation checkpoints approval for the underlying conception of the assessment processes involve perspectives that relate to what is now considered valuable or desirable concerning the institution of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic entrepreneurship is an activity that refers to researchers at universities who commercialize university research through business activities. Academic entrepreneurship can also be interpreted as a process of creating economic value through the creation, renewal, and organizational innovation that occurs inside and outside the university which results in the commercialization of research and technology transfer. The importance of academic entrepreneurship at the university level is directed to change the traditional view to a new view that sees Higher Education as an educational institution but is able to generate financial resources to cover operational costs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which academic research on entrepreneurship has been carried out. The research methodology used is literature review, by identifying entrepreneurship academic journals through the assistance of Scopus and Vosviewer. Based on the analysis, it was found that many journal publications on academic entrepreneurship were carried out in 2012. The research method used was mostly a qualitative method, with a literature review analysis. Then this type of paper is mostly in the Q1 quartile, countries that apply academic entrepreneurship a lot are the United States and England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most widely debated topic in this dynamic era of business is how to keep employee committed and satisfied and therefore it is must for every organization to have a bird's eye view on its overall functioning. The objective this paper is to throw light on the relationship between work commitment and job satisfaction particularly in academicians in Mathura and NCR Region. The paper shows a strong relationship between work commitment and job satisfaction through empirical investigation using SPSS 22. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the vital concerns of today's world is war, pollution, inequalities between different countries, and lack of familiarity of culture between different nations. These utmost issues can only be fathomed with the help of Global citizenship education. The main aim of Global Citizenship Education is to succor learners to opt for an individual, national and global identity so that they will be able to partake actively in deciphering all international problems like water scarcity, global poverty, food security, nuclear holocaust, cold war among countries, etc. This clamor educates students beyond the geographical partition. Therefore, this paper addresses the aim of Global Citizenship Education and its role in educational institutes. This paper will also tell us how global citizenship education can make an individual a real problem solver at the international level in the future and will help in knowing the impact of such education upon the globe. The outcome of this research indicates that GCED clasps unusual character and needs exceptional education in day-to-day affairs. In this paper, with the help of a literature review, I have proposed to merge all good scholars and specialists from every continent to traverse the current hypothesis which are instructing all the academic houses to focus on converting candidates into true human being. The involvement of analysts from different places will also help us in knowing how GCED has a mixed meaning in different parts of the world. Afterward, research has been done upon the factors which GCED will contribute to making a person a real problem solver at the international level and creating a sense of equality in an individual concerning different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale educational institutions such as schools and tuition center continue to employ manual exam scheduling system because it can still satisfy their objectives daily. However, for higher level educational institutions it involves a very large range of students from different semesters with various types of programs and consisting multiple number of subjects in a single semester. Thus, manual exam scheduling needs to be automated to make the process of examination scheduling system much smoother and less time consuming. This paper presents an automated examination scheduling system using graph coloring algorithm to enhance the scheduling process in universities. The use of a graph coloring algorithm boosts the preparation of exam schedules and shortens the time spent to manually compute exam schedules. The graph coloring algorithm makes sure that no two vertices are colored using same color. Hence, all assigned exam slots becomes unique with no redundancies and it is time saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction business is considered Ireland's most thriving industry during the Celtic Tiger era. In response to skill and labor shortages, the industry needs more research about how immigrants perform at work. Furthermore, more information is needed about how construction companies employed national and international students and what they were looking for other than the need for more labor. In the first ten years of the twenty-first century, Ireland saw an extraordinary increase in the construction industry, and the need for low-skilled workers increased as more Irish workers transitioned to semi-skilled jobs during the boom. From the literature review, COVID-19 immensely impacted the construction industry as it diminished the number of public projects, decreased the morale of team members working on a project, and impacted the shortage of materials and the change in work practices of the construction industry. In addition, the literature about higher education and the skilled worker crisis in Ireland was also reviewed and contained challenges in the Irish higher education system, such as sustainability, where Institutions admitted to their limited financial resources preventing them from fully internationalizing. Moreover, the strategic values of international students were outlined. In conclusion, the main strategies in Irish higher education, such as expanding higher education, developing a coherent higher education system, research excellence, and experiences of Irish Higher Education Institutions with strategic planning, were outlined. There was a shared awareness that other variables should also guide methods for the internationalization of education and the reliance on this strategy, with the extent being unknown. With that, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the trend and gain insights on how to eliminate the shortage in the Irish construction industry in the recent years following Covid-19 and Brexit, which are considered fundamental factors since the Great Recession. The objectives associated with the core aim of this paper are to identify statistics of recent graduates and professionals and to analyze the strategic value of internationalization and higher education in Ireland. The survey research method has been utilized in this paper. Saunders' research onion provides complete details of the approaches and methods used for gathering and analyzing data for the paper. The research employs a quantitative data analysis technique with various tests run under SPSS. Quantitative data was collected through a close-ended questionnaire distributed to 70+ respondents, all active in the construction industry. The findings of this paper highlight the higher education and skilled worker crisis in Ireland. The paper reviews challenges within the Irish higher education system, such as sustainability. Institutions admit to having limited financial resources that prevent them from fully internationalizing. Moreover, the strategic value of international students is outlined. The main strategies in Irish HEIs, including the expansion of higher education, the development of a coherent higher education system, research excellence, and the experiences of Irish HEIs with strategic planning, are outlined and mapped against collected data. There is a shared awareness that other variables should also guide methods for the internationalization of education. The main findings of the inference analysis indicate a significant relationship between the cost of higher education and the shortage of skilled labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many higher education institutions (HEIs) to implement online learning. Various courses including entrepreneurship were conducted by using online methods, such as synchronous and asynchronous. However, the achievement of course outcomes through these two methods has yet to be examined. As such, this paper presented the level of entrepreneurial intention exhibited by university students after they have completed an entrepreneurship course through online learning method. It further compared the entrepreneurial intention level between students who attended the course through synchronous and asynchronous online learning modes. The data were collected through questionnaire survey method, in which only quantitative data pertaining to students' background and entrepreneurial intention were gathered. A total of 315 students were randomly selected from a population of full-time students who have completed an entrepreneurship course in a local university. They were required to respond to an online self-administered questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained prior to the process of data collection and responses were treated anonymously. As for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Specifically, mean and standard deviation were used to determine the level of entrepreneurial intention. Internal consistency was used to confirm the reliability of data. While independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the entrepreneurial intention level between students from synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. The data demonstrated that differences were found in entrepreneurial intention between the two groups of students. Therefore, it could be concluded that synchronous and asynchronous modes yielded different level of entrepreneurial intention among students. This paper provided new insight on online learning for entrepreneurship course, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic period in which most courses were conducted online. It was also useful for HEIs to assess the effectiveness of online learning in delivering entrepreneurship course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determined the perspectives of the 347 Graduate Students of the University of Northeastern Philippines, Iriga City, during the Second Semester of the Academic Year 2020-2021. It sought answers to the profile of the respondents, their Perspectives of Graduate Students with regards to their Professional Development during a pandemic, and the challenges met by the students in achieving quality graduate programs during the New Normal School Year. It was revealed that all respondents strongly agreed that the quality of professional learning experiences, development of essential knowledge and skills even during the pandemic, Learning intention and success criteria, Professor's adaptation to teaching during the pandemic, and support and change provided to the students are affected by a sudden transition to different modality in Graduate School teaching, thereby affecting the professional development of students enrolled in the Second Semester of Academic Year 2020-2021. Also, it was revealed that challenges were faced by the master's and doctorate students such as lack of time to study due to office, field, and paper works, lack of finances, lack of resources, barriers of communication, difficulty in using new technologies for modular, distance and blended learning and lack of time balancing family and schooling, thereby affecting their professional development through graduate studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are in an important position to facilitate the achievement of sustainability as a living learning lab for society. By adopting a sustainable campus strategy, HEIs can become agents of change for sustainable development. The consideration of the environment is important in forming the strategy, as it supports the operations of society and HEIs and through carbon emission reduction in transport, sustainability becomes more achievable. Another determinant of achieving a sustainable campus is the active involvement of students. Combining these two factors means student mobility is a vital area to study. Three main themes are determined from the findings of a questionnaire distributed among the campus community, which are the value of time on campus, encouraging alternative transportation, and relieving the need to travel off-campus. This paper then forms suggestions for a sustainable campus strategy based on enabling better mobility and improved quality of life. In conclusion, the collaboration of stakeholders in different hierarchal levels is indispensable to ensure a sustainable campus strategy that facilitates a transition of sustainable living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology of Cloud computing is considered as a hugely advantageous application particularly for higher education institutions (HEIs) taking into consideration its privileges like longstanding expenses saving, smooth accessibility to data at any moment and efficiently. The aim of the present study is to describe the significant factors which affect the adopting cloud computing by higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Iraq. This research paper follows quantitative research method. The researcher uses a questionnaire of 160 participants from the administrative level as well as the staff members who are responsible for computer and IT specialization in Mosul University in Iraq. In this paper the model of technology- organization-environment (TOE) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) are utilized to investigate the significant factors that influencing the adoption of cloud computing.As a result it has been found that the factors of relative advantage, security concerns, top management support, IT experience, external support, and facilitating condition carry positive effects in the adopting cloud computing by HEIs in Iraq.Meanwhile, competitive pressure are not significant factors the adoption of cloud computing by HEIs in Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a better approach to take the attendance of students in a higher education institution while also maintaining the high standards that are necessary while carrying out the process. The previous approaches to solve this have not been able to ensure that the task of taking attendance is safe for the faculty and the students in light of the recent pandemic. Theproposed system will be able to ensure that the process occurs seamlessly while ensuring that there is no falsification of presenceof individuals. The system will be utilizing emerging technologies such as geolocation and QR codes to ensure that attendance is no longer a hassle. Keeping in mind the recent pandemic, in the scenario that there would be a necessity to perform checks to alsoensure that the studying environment is COVID-safe, a temperature sensor will also be included to ensure that the safety of the faculty and the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive world 'Advertising' is playing a very major role in creating awareness regarding the product or service among the people. Advertising as an element of promotional mix is attracting greater number of people these days. Advertisements help people form certain beliefs, attitudes, and perception among the public. Choosing an appropriate university or college is often a very stressful time for the students and the parents. They are faced with lots of choices and hence they conduct vigorous research to understand the pros and cons of each option they have in their hand. At this outset, this research paper focusses on impact of Advertis ements on students who are willing to join a private deemed university in Andhra Pradesh after their Intermediate or +2 or in any undergraduate or post graduate course. The research is confined to students of Andhra Pradesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In architecture education worldwide, there is an old but perpetual debate on how to integrate practical learning in the academic program. In recent times, introduction of problem-based and project-based learning (PBL) has been highly praised approach because it empowers the students to deal with real-life problems. Like many other higher education institutions which strive to improve their curricula, the Faculty of Architecture University of Sarajevo examines various modalities of integration of practice into formal education. The curriculum has evolved from a predominantly theoretical framework and working with abstract assignments to recognizing and adequately responding to up-to-date topics and real social problems. However, there is a noticeable institutional inertia that impedes the timely response of the academic community to urgent challenges and changes in society. In an effort to eliminate the identified shortcomings and improve the education process, the Faculty of Architecture University of Sarajevo, has undertaken a number of activities in cooperation with partner institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the EU, resulting with critical assessment of the status quo and developing guidelines for future actions. Following the implementation of the international research project "HERD" 2013-2016, energy efficiency and sustainability topics have been incorporated in several courses. As a result of the capacity building of the teaching staff and their continuous training, the project "Typology of residential buildings in BiH" was successfully implemented. The long-term outcomes of this project are of national relevance, as it assists the government in creating strategies for implementing energy efficiency in the housing sector, while the research results can be easily utilized both by the individuals and society as a whole. Examples of cooperation with the industry also serve as an illustration of possible ways to improve the quality of education and raise the competencies of the students. The aim of this paper is to present the importance and modalities of incorporating the practical component into the process of architecture education and actualization of global topics in the local context. It is also necessary to point out the shortcomings in the existing academic procedures on different levels, and the need of valorisation of extracurricular activities. The previously gained experience and examples of good practice should support all stakeholders involved in the educational process: from academia, the industry and the professionals, to the wider community. Such shared endeavours can significantly contribute to a better learning environment and application of acquired knowledge and skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ministry of Higher Education sector in Malaysia has set in motion the Higher Education 4.0 in 2018, focusing on Knowledge, Industry and Humanity. In order to embrace Learning and Teaching 4.0 in Higher Educational Institution, it is vital to focus on Staff Professional Development. This paper is to review the current available methods of Professional Development in the education sector. Identifying the lack of professional development platform explains the deficiency in the staff development and hence their ability to adapt to Education 4.0. The objective of this paper is in alignment to one of the objectives of this conference which is to identify and discuss the problem faced by a sector, this paper is on the higher education institutions. Hence in the future higher education institutions need to develop an efficient and sustainable platform for professional development to bridge the human capital competency gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many standard models utilized to measure and understand students' and academics' perspectives on technology adoption such as the technology acceptance model (TAM) and Technology Organization Environment (TOE). Reviewing the relevant literature found many studies that investigate factors influenced (academics and students' acceptance of e-learning adoption. In this paper, a systematic review of the published studies on TAM and TOE was performed in regard to e-learning adoption in the Higher Education sector; to identify the factors that influence the students' and academics' perspectives on e-learning adoption. The main objectives to performed this systematic literature review are to be necessary for researchers by affording practical determinants to them extracting from the literature that definitely influences the (students and academics) as e-learning users, to identify the shortcomings of adopting e-learning in higher educational institutions, to identify the core elements, factors that influencing e-learning adoption and to justify whether existing models are sufficient to measure user acceptance of the adoption of new technologies. In line with that, this paper assists to confirm the needs of the literature. In conclusion, most of the selected articles in this paper have confirmed the TAM model has extended and this indicates that the TAM model is not comprehensive version hundred percent for use in e-learning. While the TOE framework is adopted and rarely extended which means it close to being a comprehensive framework and recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, society is in a period of drastic change and transformation, with the continuous transformation of society, it provides a very good opportunity for the transformation and development of music education and teaching in colleges and universities in China. With the rapid development of society, great importance is also attached to the education and teaching of college music, so the previous teaching cannot meet people's current requirements for college music, so teaching transformation is an inevitable trend. Ordinary transformation solutions cannot solve the problem of transformation results in college music education and teaching, and ordinary transformation solutions cannot comprehensively solve the problems and troubles faced after transformation. Therefore, this paper proposes a computer technology to carry out the transformation analysis of transformation results teaching. Firstly, artificial intelligence is used to design the transformation scheme of education and teaching transformation to factors in teaching transformation. Then, artificial intelligence designs the results of music education and teaching transformation in colleges and universities, forms an education and teaching transformation plan, and comprehensively analyzes the teaching transformation results. the condition that the transformation and reform standards are fixed, the feasibility of computer technology for the transformation and reform in colleges and universities and the rationality of teaching transformation are better than ordinary transformation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable strategic plan in higher education institutions (HEIs) requires inputs and facts that can be obtained from analyzing the big data. HEIs collect numerous data from students every enrollment, creating big data. However, big data should be given more attention. This study aimed to explore the big data of the postgraduate students in a Malaysian University, namely University Teknologi MARA (UiTM), analyze data characteristics, patterns, and anomalies, and forecast future enrollment models using the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) technique. The data were extracted from the university academic database, Student Information Management Systems (SIMS). Several parameters were set in the Structured Query Language (SQL) to mine the data and exported to the Excel software for data post-processing and analysis. The single parameter fitted polynomial regression method was used to develop a forecasting model for postgraduate enrolment from 2022 to 2030. In this paper, we presented the data characteristics and pattern of the postgraduate student demographic and discussed the summary of the postgraduate students' achievements in depth. The developed enrolment forecast modeling shows that the university will have approximately 50,000 postgraduate students enrolment in 2030. Thus, the university must have a strategic plan to identify the future research area, acquire suitable expertise, and upgrade the supporting facilities to accommodate future needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational institutions frequently struggle to develop a workable lecture/tutorial schedule in a major universitydepartment. In this study, an evolutionary algorithm (EA)-based method is used to resolve the university scheduling problem. Throughout the process, a chromosomal representation tailored to the task is used. In order to generate workable timetables in a fair amount of computation time, heuristics and context-based reasoning have been applied. The strategy used to accelerate convergence is clever adaptive mutation. Real data from a large university has been used to validate, test, and debate the whole course scheduling system mentioned in this paper. Higher education institutions are currently concerned about students' attendance patterns. For the faculty to construct schedules automatically, a computer-based automatic timetable generator system is required. Our ideas for the "Automatic Time Table System," which consists of many applications, have been laid out. The application's timetable generation feature helps you save time. The system's automated Excel spreadsheet is utilized to maintain a record of the teachers' availability and scheduling. Our students will find this system helpful in the twenty-first century. It takes a lot of time and labor for educational staff in universities with huge student numbers to manually create a schedule. Due to this, it commonly happens that the same professor will give numerous lectures or competing classes. Automatically generating test and class schedules will be made simpler by the availability of a timetable generator. It will be produced by the system automatically, which will also help you save time. It prevents having to manually set up and manage a schedule. The purpose of this project is to develop a simple, functional, and user-friendly application that will facilitate the construction and distribution of schedules. The genetic algorithm is themain technique used to make schedules. It helps in the development of the ideal schedule by regulating all the rules. Conflicts in scheduling are not an issue for the faculty. With inputs such teacher name, data for the rooms, labs, and subject, this system will have a user-friendly, interactive, and less complicated interface. To store all the data entered as input, the system will have a carefully constructed database. The system will have an algorithm that manages all of the database's data while taking into account both hard and soft constraints. a timetable generation technique that seeks out the optimal solution using genetic algorithms. Instead of requiring time-consuming documents, the staff and students can easily view the timetable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are mandated to create a community extension program because it is one of its significant functions. This literature review about blockchain as a baseline technology for Community Development Program for HEI in Society 5.0 (CDPHEIS 5.0) supports the researchers' previous research "A Community Development Program Framework for Higher Education Institutions in Society 5.0" (CDPFHEIS 5.0). This is the first series of actions conducted after the research to make that framework operational. After thoroughly conducting the study, it was identified that blockchain contributes popularity and functionality to the objective because of its well-known and exciting features. Also, it was assumed that it could be used on other applications such as in CDPHEIS 5.0. The researchers conducted a set of literature reviews for some sixty-two (62) latest published and unpublished journals, books, and articles about blockchain technological applications such as IoT, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Management, Data Analysis and Artificial Intelligence. Categorization by using e-forms such as Google Forms or Microsoft Forms were utilized. Finding the initial outcomes of categorization through selection and quality assessment of the data encoded in the e-forms was also performed. Any researcher who needs to review myriads of references can use e-forms such as Google Docs and Microsoft Forms to make categorizing easier. After conducting the literature review, the researchers found this process much easier, saving time for more important steps of the study. Based on the results and analysis conducted, IoT is the blockchain technology that might be integrated alongside blockchain itself to implement CDPHEIS 5.0 to achieve the goals of Society 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global spread of the Covid-19 has made a great impact on all the spheres of our life, including the entire educational system. The pandemic has revealed vulnerabilities of distant learning on the one hand, but it has also showed extraordinary human resourcefulness and potential on the other. In this research, the circumstances, and basic challenges of coronavirus on the educational system have been analyzed, possible solutions of reshaping the educational system in the Post-pandemic Era are being proposed. By taking Chelyabinsk Institute of Railway Transport — a branch of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Ural State University of Railway Transport (CHIRT, USURT) as an example, based on the case-study analysis, it is found that the reasons behind such impact include declines in employment, slowed globalization, lack of social competence. To help the higher educational institutions get through difficulties amid pandemic and to provide sustainable development of educational process, several possible strategies are being proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at designing a website prototype of service satisfaction assessment in a higher education institution based on human-computer interaction principles. Twenty students in this study conduct two assignments. The methods are think-aloud and measurements of performance indicators by ISO 9241-11, namely effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. The effectiveness of initial design task 1 was 78% and increased to 85% on a new design; task 2 on the initial design was 85% and increased slightly to 88% on the proposed design. Efficiency indicators are calculated using a time-based efficiency equation. The average time on-task 1 was 204.92 seconds for the initial design and 130.11 seconds for the proposed design. The average time for completing task 2 was 117.3 seconds for the initial design and 70.51 seconds for the proposed design. Both task 1 and task 2 show a decrease in task completion time. Indicator of satisfaction using the PSSUQ questionnaire with the satisfaction rate was 63.3% and increased to 84.5% in the proposed design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive universities have their educational objectives and characteristics which are different from those of professional art institutes. Comprehensive universities lay particular emphasis on inclusiveness, versatility, and interdisciplinary similarity, and especially on the study of the blending of the edge of disciplines. Taking the curriculum design and training program of the Department of Painting in Xiamen Academy of Arts and Design of Fuzhou University as an example, this paper analyzes and deliberates on the mode of art talents cultivation in comprehensive universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of cognitive intelligence and professional skills in real world problem solving is defined as epistemic fluency. Epistemic fluency is essential to engage the students in authentic learning while providing room for improvement and innovation. This paper presents a systematic literature review on epistemic fluency and the various strategies to develop it in a scientific context. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to select articles related to epistemic fluency for this review. The objective is to identify how epistemic fluency is developed in a scientific context and the constraints involved. The findings of this literature review communicate the ways to develop and improve epistemic practices to promote epistemic fluency among students, especially in higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) - Jatinangor Campus is one of the higher educational institutions located at Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java Province. This campus has area for about 47 hectares. When this campus have fully active activity, it produces huge amount of compostable waste especially organic and leaves waste. Solving the compostable waste is a key to realize Zero Waste ITB-Jatinangor Campus. MASARO technology offers fast, reliable, and profitable composting method to overcome the compostable waste problem at ITB-Jatinangor Campus. This technology has been applied in several areas in Indonesia, such as Ciwastra, Babakan Sari Waste Processing Site (Bandung City), Sabah Balau Village (South Lampung Province), Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Sukadana Village (Ciamis Regency), Gorontalo, and several other areas. It has waste processsing capacity up to 10 Tons/day. The MASARO technology not only produces solid and liquid compost with Standard Nasional Indonesia (SNI) quality, but also shortens the composting period (about 7-10 days). Compost composition at ITB-Jatinangor Campus have 50,8% C-Organic, 2,71% N-total, 0,33 P2O5-total, 1,96% K2O-total, and 18,75 of C/N ratio. In this paper, it will focus on explaining implementation of the MASARO technology starting with the installation of the MASARO Composting House – Rumah Kompos MASARO (RKM). It would describe also about composting process and lesson learned about how the MASARO technology could solve the problem of compostable waste at a big educational institution like ITB-Jatinangor Campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews research, studies and questionnaires on issues relating to the effects of noise on students at colleges and universities. Issues covered include factors affecting; colleges and universities campuses noise sources, outdoor and indoor classroom, and educational labs noise sources; health effects of noise on students; and acoustic environment of the classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An automatic system for a parking area is a growing need to improve its access and monitoring control. In this paper, a smart parking, which specifically focuses on car entrance, exit and parking management prototype development is presented. The smart parking system applies the use of sensors and technologies to increase efficiency and reduce parking complications. Hence, features such as vehicle occupancy detection and Automatic License Plate Recognition System (ALPR) were investigated. The ALPR findings were validated using Brunei's license plate images, and the system achieved a detection rate of 97.1 percent and an overall recognition rate of 48.6 percent. This system is also applicable for real-time use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global digital economy the discrepancy between the requirements of employers and vocational training in Russia has received considerable critical attention. Institutions of higher education play a key role in the information and communication competence development. This paper finds that a foreign language course at a non-linguistic university is an optimal tool for the development and improvement of these skills. The aim of this study was to clarify the foreign language teaching methods within a Master's course at the agrarian university, which can provide information and communication competence development. The system of the foreign language teaching methods for the development and improvement of digital literacy is presented. The authors conclude that the development efficiency depends on many factors, including the willingness of the teacher himself to use digital tools, and the pedagogical aspect of their development and implementation. Students' motivation is crucial as well. The questionnaire required students to give self-assessment of their digital skills after the foreign language course. 'Communication and collaboration', 'Information and data literacy' components are developed on the advanced level due to the youth involvement in communication through digital gadgets and apps. However, learning skills require special methods of development and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substantial benefit to analyze graduate employability is known to describe Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) capability in producing career-ready graduates. The outcomes signify the success of the diploma or degree programs in meeting the market and stakeholder's demands. It is essential to identify how curriculum design and student activities can enhance the prospective ability to secure jobs. Therefore, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) gathers data about employment and employability to understand the current trends. However, developing a fast and accurate programming language for analyzing enormous data is a challenging task. This paper presents the development of an Automate Offline Employability (AOE) data analysis using Microsoft Excel; it reduces the time consumption in analyzing many data and increases the accuracy of data analysis. The system utilizes the combination of various types of Excel formulas and functions to execute multitasking algorithms simultaneously; it processes two data (initial and current information of graduates) obtained from online surveys. Graduates must answer the first survey during the last semester of their study, and the second survey during the sixth month after their graduation. The system is capable of sorting the data according to different study fields, matching the initial and current data, analyzing them based on employability attributes, and generating multiple interpretable graphs. In addition, it can extract the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of email and WhatsApp of graduates who did not respond to the second online survey. Besides, it has a desktop layout to facilitate the user to retrieve any information by a single click. All functions provided by the system has successfully executed and verified. UiTM and HEIs can take benefit from the AOE system for assessing the correlation between the curriculum design, student activities and the employability prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the challenging factors of practising work from home (WFH) towards productivity that affected Malaysia's higher education during the COVID 19 outbreak. The practising WFH itself has its conflict, but this effect can be mitigated or even reversed when people have an integration preference. This study analyzed, reviewed, and explained each factor in detail from previous literature's different perspectives. Due to a lack of knowledge, this paper is one to recognize and address the practice of work conceptually from home that leads to higher education productivity in a single environment in a developing country. This research examined the daunting factors of WFH practising that affecting the productivity in Malaysia's higher education learning. The study results will shed some light on our understanding of the challenging factors WFH practices. It also provides researchers with the existing corpus of knowledge and a promise to expand the research stream on WFH practices. The empirical findings will suggest the challenges of working from home and how to face it by the academician in possible ways to obtain considerable potential for improving productivity a higher education institution in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will be discussed critically according on the need of employers on graduates employability skills. The emerging of new digital technologies tremendously leads a new way to doing a job. To cope with a need of client almost all jobs in all sectors looking for a new skills to retrain and reskilling their employees. Employers also seeking a fresh graduates whose are meets with their requirement. In current issues, almost all higher education providers doing a research and still explored a particular skills are need to provide to their students, which is meets with employers need. This paper will explain specifically about what are employers needed on graduate employability skills. This is preliminary research to looking a specific skill are very crucial and needed by the employers currently. Sixteen related to employers' perception toward trait of employability skills in digital era being analysis. According to this analysis, have four main skills are need by an employers, there are basic academic skills, high order thinking skills, technical skills and, employability skills. Through literature review analysis from this study, it's found 29 attributes must be concentrates to gains employability skills among graduates at higher education institutions. Communication skills is a first priority are concern by employers when they looking at new workers. The second employability skill preferred by employers is problem solving skills and the third priority is critical thinking skills. By validating the construct of employability skills, this study is aimed at providing a general guide to researchers and scholars who would like to embark on similar employability skills studies. The findings also aim provides the holistic view of current trend of global employability skills needed by the graduates which match with the requirement of the industries. Thus, it will minimize the gap between employability skills offered by graduates and the required skills expected by employers in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquity of technology in the last decades has transformed education, accelerated the development of e-learning and has placed a lot of challenges to the higher education institutions in terms of students' assessment. These potential challenges of e-assessment slowed down the process of its proliferation to some extent but the COVID-19 pandemic forced the introduction of e-assessment in all educational stages, and in most cases institutions had to "switch, almost overnight, to online teaching and virtual education" [1]. This study aims to identify the impact of students' experience from one of the leading Bulgarian universities – Sofia University (SU) in forced introduction of e-assessment on their views and perspectives about it. The research method is an online survey, conducted at the end of the semester in academic year 2019/2020 and students from all 16 SU faculties were invited to take part. The paper focuses on three main aspects – 1) students experience in e-assessment during pandemic; 2) students' views on e-assessment; and 3) the impact of their experience in e-assessment on their views. Findings from data analysis reveal that students were mostly summative assessed through course works (artefacts) submissions and tests, and the use of different types of formative assessment was very limited. The technologies utilised for the assessments by academic staff were also very deficient. These results demonstrate that most of the teachers transferred their experience and approaches to students' assessment from face-to- face to the online environment without adaptation and modification to specifics of the latter. This decreased to a certain extent the trust of students in e-assessment and reinforced their preference to face-to-face assessment. Conclusions impose the need for advanced training of academic staff in the field of e-learning and e-assessment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the impact of the pandemic and the resulting online learning for higher education students. The focus is on performing a SWOT analysis on the success and motivation of the students. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed on how the students themselves evaluate their ability to perceive the offered online material as well as their opportunities and motivation to acquire knowledge. The results obtained from the conducted survey and the success achieved by the students are also emphasized. The survey reflects the opinions of students at two fundamentally different institutions of higher education – one offering all-engineering training in the mining, geological, gas and energy industries, and the other offering training in information technology, library science and national security. Based on the survey, the results of the students in the traditional (face-to-face) and online education were compared. The implemented survey and the performed analysis will help the university professors to improve the results of the students in conducting hybrid (online and traditional) training in the event of extraordinary circumstances. For the completeness of the analysis, data on students who left their studies before and during the online studies are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the unique role of the educational system in the life of the modern digital society, which focuses on the basic provisions, values and principles that are inherent in the post-industrial era. The efficiency and quality of the work of the education system directly depends on human potential, the ability of people to overcome not only natural, but also cultural challenges. The difficult modern conditions in which Russia found itself require a qualitative transformation of the entire national educational system. The object of research in the article is the digital culture inherent in modern Russian society, in the development of its impact on the transformation of the educational environment. The analysis of digitalization in the system of higher education carried out by the authors shows that at the moment it is a form of administrative-compulsory imposition in higher educational institutions in the form of distance learning technologies, for example, in the form of online courses, while the practical experience of many leading foreign institutions shows that they have an extremely low degree of integration into the higher education system. The purpose of the study conducted in the article is to study various possible directions for the development of digital culture based on the analysis and subsequent assessment of the degree of its interaction with modern values of education. The authors propose a conceptual scheme for creating a metauniversity in the form of a technological platform operating in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media is increasingly being integrated into higher education institutions (HEIs) environment. In this era, most universities have at least one, or even several social media platforms. Most universities are active on social media, and many have primary Facebook pages where they connect with a large number of people. Universities are using Facebook pages to communicate with students and achieve university goals, as well as to increase social media engagement between users and institutions. This paper aims to analyze the pattern of Facebook page posting among Malaysian HEIs. Malaysian HEIs have a total of 68 universities that consist of 20 public universities and 48 private universities. The data was collected for a period of five months starting 1st January 2021 until 31st May 2021. Descriptive analysis was used to describe social media metrics collected from HEIs Facebook pages such as number of followers, number of posts, posting types and user engagements. To achieve the objective of this study, ranking method was applied to discover the pattern of the data. The results highlight that Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Limkokwing University Creative of Technology have the highest number of followers for public and private universities respectively. It suggests that the highest number of page followers does not warrant the achievement of high engagement. Additionally, among the four posting types, both public and private university apparently often use photos as posting type on their Facebook pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institution which conducts internship in the engineering field triggers questionable remarks from the public due to learning outcomes measurement process. In Indonesia, the education process offers pros and cons to assess the student learning outcomes during institutional accreditation, especially vocational college since its special characteristics. Moreover, a compulsory course like internship brings high complexity to assess the learning outcomes due to lack of supervision from department members. During the internship, the learning outcomes cover five necessary aspects: attitude, knowledge, special skill, general skill, and internship product. The grades are delivered by the field supervisor and department supervisor who make the measurement becomes highly complicated. Huge and unprecedented attention is given to engineering departments about their accountability and the measurement method of student learning outcomes during the internship. The paper aims to propose a novel methodology called Grade and Outcome Analysis Log-sheets (GOAL6.4) program. The program could complete the measurement process with various involved variables. Furthermore, the program could specify the detailed percentage of each learning outcomes during the internship, even more, other class-based courses in the engineering department. Besides, the final result of the program could connect the relationship between students' course grades and the learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distance education is becoming more and more popular in higher education in Bulgaria and it is increasingly preferred by the students from all age groups. In order to provide quality education, higher education institutions should be aware of students’ needs and expectations and, on this basis, to search for effective strategies and solutions for introducing distance education. The answer to the question: “What are the attitudes of students to online learning and distance education?” has a significant role in developing and implementing pedagogically effective online curricula. It could also facilitate the process of accrediting more distance education programs at Sofia University (Bulgaria) which is a campus-based university at the stage of transformation of its educational model from face-to-face to online learning. The paper presents the attitudes and perspectives of 590 undergraduate students of the Sofia University towards online learning and distance education. The main aim of the study is to determine the influence and dependencies of different factors on the attitudes of the students to online learning and distance education. The interrelations between students’ attitudes and their demographics, the experience of using the technologies in everyday life and the experience of using technologies in an educational context are analysed. Conclusions drawn would be useful for the academic community and everyone concerned with the planning, development and implementation of strategies for online learning and distance education in a campus based university in a transition to distance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the author of the work, part of the requirements for the schedule of training sessions in higher educational institutions are formalized and written in the form of equations and inequalities. All these relations are linear or quadratic expressions with integer (more precisely, Boolean) arguments. In [1], a possible formalization of the problem of finding the optimal schedule is presented, which also turned out to be an integer quadratic Boolean programming problem without additional constraints. There are methods for solving this problem [2], but they have a relatively low rate of convergence, which, taking into account the dimension of the real problem of forming the SS, does not allow using these methods to solve the problem of finding the optimal and acceptable SS. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for solving the obtained formalized problem, which would make it possible to obtain a solution to the problem under consideration in an acceptable time, taking into account the capabilities of modern computer technology. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for solving the problem of composing SS based on the adaptation of the classical gradient search method. In relation to the task of compiling SS, there is a large list of works, including classical monographs [3], [4]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is particularly challenging to achieve sustainability in campus universities, where a high volume of users and activities has made it more imperative to promote green buildings that reduce energy and water consumption while having a minimal carbon footprint. At present, the frameworks for sustainable campus have seldom focused on the project procurement method which would improve construction team integration in developing the physical aspect of campus development. Therefore, in response to that challenge, this paper investigates how the delivery team, responsible for the design and construction of a project, can be integrated to work together more efficiently and more using the collaborative procurement method known as partnering. This paper reports part of a previous research and sets the base for ongoing research on the critical factors in partnering for sustainable campus development. The outcome or result of this study will meet and support the requirement for construction, maintenance, and operation process for universities towards sustainable building/campus in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' self-efficacy is the belief about their capabilities to learn and said to have control over thoughts, feelings and actions. Self-efficacy is one of the important factors influencing statistics engagement. This paper aims to show the influence of statistics self-efficacy towards statistics engagement among undergraduate students taking Statistics in Applied Sciences course in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A total of 293 students were randomly selected from eight different faculties taking this statistics course as a compulsory subject. A pilot study was conducted on 25 students prior to the actual study and had reliability indices of 0.84 for statistics self-efficacy and 0.93 for statistics engagement. Descriptive analysis showed that students have low statistics self-efficacy with the median score of 2.00. On the other hand, the median score for statistics engagement is 4.00 indicating that students' statistics engagement was moderate. Spearman's rank Correlation Analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between statistics self-efficacy and overall statistics engagement (rs=0.36* p > 0.05). Further analysis shows that statistics self-efficacy influence statistics engagement among students with a contribution of 25%. These findings indicate the need for students to have statistics self-efficacy because this would influence students' statistics engagement and in turn enables them to achieve good results in statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the influence of attitudes towards statistics on statistics engagement among undergraduate students in a Malaysian public university. This study was conducted on first-year students from various fields of study and specialization taking an introductory statistics course during Semester 1 in 2016/2017. A random sample consisting of 293 students were selected to be respondents for the survey. A pilot study conducted on 25 students had reliability indices of 0.93 for statistics engagement and 0.80 for attitudes towards statistics instruments. Descriptive analysis revealed that students generally exhibited positive attitudes towards statistics based on the overall median score of 3.00, as well as for the domains of attitudes with median scores of 3.00 for each. Besides that, the median score for statistics engagement was 4.00 indicating that students' statistics engagement level was above average. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between attitudes towards statistics and statistics engagement (rs = 0.46, p < 0.05). Furthermore, statistics engagement was also positively related to all four domains of attitudes as demonstrated by correlation coefficients for affect (rs = 0.41, p < 0.05), cognitive competence (rs = 0.55, p < 0.05), value (rs = 0.31, p < 0.05) and difficulty (rs = 0.21, p < 0.05). Subsequently, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the domains of attitudes explained 50% of the total variation in statistics engagement and cognitive competence domain was the most significant contributor. These findings depicted that attitudes towards statistics play a vital role in students' statistics engagement. In essence, having positive attitudes towards statistics will promote statistics engagement among students and eventually increase their achievement and performance in statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution of canals and creeks has been an urgent issue in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Canal pollution not only worsens the urban beauty but also greatly affects surroundings and public health. Built on the land with a 600m long of Lang creek running through, the third campus serving most teaching and learning activities of Van lang university will also be affected by pollution of Lang creek. Mutually, these activities would increase the pollution level of Lang canal if wastewater generated from Van Lang university will be untreated before discharged into Lang creek. The study results showed that current water quality of Lang creek was polluted by organic substances, N-NH4+ and microbiological indicator in both dry and rainy seasons when compared with QCVN 08: 2015/BTNMT. However, if compared with QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT, the water of the canal was polluted just by the N-NH4+ and microbiological parameters in both seasons. Besides, the pollutant load of the discharging sources and the reception capacity of Lang creek that flowing through the third campus of Van Lang University were also estimated in detail in this study. In addition to improving the water quality and environment of the creek, renovating solutions are also proposed in this paper. Besides, this study showed that Van Lang university's activities would not exacerbate Lang creek's pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic rankings provide a wealth of information that is essential for the formation of the image of higher education institutions and the management of their development. The model proposed in the study solves one of the tasks of the project to promote the university in the academic rankings of the Strategic Development Program of the Ural State University for 2021-2030. - development of recommendations for the promotion of the university in international and national rankings. The model is formed on the basis of the system dynamics method and implemented in the Anylogic simulation environment. The paper demonstrates the application of the model to identify predictors of the Ural State Economic University (USUE) in the QS Emerging Europe & Central Asia ranking. An analysis of the results obtained during the operation of the model on USUE data indicates an insufficient growth rate of the values of the following indicators of academic rating: (1) academic reputation, (2) the presence of the institution on the Internet, (3) the number of articles in international databases. The work gave recommendations on the measures that must be taken to enter USUE in the range of 250-300 places in the QS EECA rating (the current position of the university is 300-350). The proposed model can be adapted for other rankings with similar methodology, for example, for the QS BRICS University Rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities contribute significantly to the development of human capital and socio-economic improvement of a country. Due to that, Malaysian universities carried out various initiatives to improve their performance. Most studies have used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure efficiency rather than effectiveness, even though, the measurement of effectiveness is important to realize how effective a university in achieving its ultimate goals. A university system has two major functions, namely teaching and research and every function has different resources based on its emphasis. Therefore, a university is actually structured as a parallel production system with its overall effectiveness is the aggregated effectiveness of teaching and research. Hence, this paper is proposing a parallel network DEA model to measure the effectiveness of a university. This model includes internal operations of both teaching and research functions into account in computing the effectiveness of a university system. In literature, the graduate and the number of program offered are defined as the outputs, then, the employed graduates and the numbers of programs accredited from professional bodies are considered as the outcomes for measuring the teaching effectiveness. Amount of grants is regarded as the output of research, while the different quality of publications considered as the outcomes of research. A system is considered effective if only all functions are effective. This model has been tested using a hypothetical set of data consisting of 14 faculties at a public university in Malaysia. The results show that none of the faculties is relatively effective for the overall performance. Three faculties are effective in teaching and two faculties are effective in research. The potential applications of the parallel network DEA model allow the top management of a university to identify weaknesses in any functions in their universities and take rational steps for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional repositories have become part of the university landscape. Their extensive rollout over the last decades has demonstrated that digital content can become the most significant intellectual capital of an institution. This study investigates researchers' experience in institutional repositories while conducting research. By employing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were used to collect 35 researchers from Australian institutions. The collected data was then analysed using thematic analysis revealing six aspects related to researchers' experience of institutional repositories. However, as this institutional repository study is part of the more extensive open-access study, it only presents one aspect: the motivations to engage with institutional repositories. However, the findings of this study could benefit Indonesian higher education institutions in developing open access policy to support wider dissemination ofresearch output and enhance impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate user acceptance of a Staff Information System at TATI University College (TATIUC), a Higher Learning Institution in Malaysia, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The evaluation will be based on the two main variables; perceive usefulness and perceive ease of use. This research adopts the criteria of perceive usefulness and perceive ease of use in collecting data from the respondents. Results indicate there are positive correlations between perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use and attitude towards the Staff Information System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is a problem in many areas, solving it by zero waste with circular economy is people's wish. Masaro technology may give us a hope that such wish could be achieved. Firstly, masaro system changes the present pattern in waste handling from "collect – transport – dump" which is a cost centre to "sort – collect – transport – process – sell" which is profit center. Secondly, all the sorted wastes are processed into valuable products. Thirdly, these products could create a significant value in the other fields, especially in agriculture, livestock, and fishery. Masaro system was applied to the waste of ITB campus, which produces 1.4 ton of waste daily. Waste was sorted into fast decaying and slow decaying waste. The 302 kg of fast decaying waste is processed into 3624 L liquide organic fertilizer or 3624L liquide organic feed suplement; the 318 kg of slow decaying waste is processed into 210 kg compost; 585 kg of burnable waste is incinerated in plastic refinery unit to produce 3000 L pesticide, liquid fuel, and planting media; while the 193 kg recycleables are sold to recycling industries. This masaro system has left no waste to send to the TPA (End landfill), instead it releases products that are mostly used in agriculture, livestock dan fishery, which reflect the circular economy of the zero waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors have a significant impact on any building s energy consumption and its contribution to environmental footprint. Educational buildings form an integral part of commercial buildings, considering their energy consumption. This paper primarily aims to develop an energy model for higher educational Institutions (HEI) in India. The focus was to determine the contribution of significant factors to the total energy usage of the building. The Institution pioneered installing a smart IoT meter integrated into the Smart Campus Cloud Network (SCCN) in 2016 for energy monitoring. This facilitated a database of all relevant electrical parameters of the campus. The model developed with linear multivariable regression uses relevant data points from SCCN during three years from 2017 to 2019. Models developed, based on different usage patterns for each month, gave an insight into the relevant parameters on energy consumption, which varied due to externalities. A monthly trend analysis of both energy consumption and its related emission of the institute were performed. This validated the benefits from energy conservation drives at the campus. The results were indicative of a sustained mitigation initiative to reduce environmental impact, thus contributing to the reduction of Scope 2 GHG emissions. The analysis, along with the models developed, could help the HEIpredict future energy consumption. The institute thus portrayed sustainable stewardship, which any HEI could adopt in mitigating climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of population of initial solution is a crucial task in population-based metaheuristic approach for solving curriculum-based university course timetabling problem because it can affect the convergence speed and also the quality of the final solution. This paper presents an exploration on combination of graph heuristics in construction approach in curriculum based course timetabling problem to produce a population of initial solutions. The graph heuristics were set as single and combination of two heuristics. In addition, several ways of assigning courses into room and timeslot are implemented. All settings of heuristics are then tested on the same curriculum based course timetabling problem instances and are compared with each other in terms of number of population produced. The result shows that combination of saturation degree followed by largest degree heuristic produce the highest number of population of initial solutions. The results from this study can be used in the improvement phase of algorithm that uses population of initial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the concept of Human Capital is essential to introduce the new paradigm of modernizing Bulgarian economy and industrial landscape. In general, Bulgarian managerial cultural is based on the concept and mechanics of human resources management, presented in Bulgarian institutions of higher education in the form of academic-degree programs of Human Resources Management, as it is the case with the University of Plovdiv. The aim of the present studyis to demonstrate that the concept of academic teaching and design of new managerial and entrepreneurial culture shall be shifted from human resources management to human capital management. The object of the study is expectations and economic reasoning of students in the Master Program "Human Resources Management" at the University of Plovdiv to occupy and career-path in managerial jobs in both public, and private sectors of the Bulgarian economy. The focus is students' comprehensive rationale and exhaustive computations, reflected in their capstone coursework in the "Human Capital Management" academic course I teach in this Master Program for the period 2016-2020. The collected data are processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software. The results show that future Bulgarian managerial graduates have brave expectations for their returns on Bulgarian labor market, conditioned it is an integral part of the EU labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endeavours to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of organisations have been a persistent objective for business and government. Within this perspective, shared services have been introduced and promoted as an alternative to provide best solution. The aim of shared services is to centrally provide specific services in an organisation whereas those services had formerly been administered in more than one of organisation’s parts. Notwithstanding its growing popularity and widespread application, there is a limited sign of shared services in higher institutions, suggesting a scarcity of empirical study in this issue. Thus, this paper aims to explore the key success factors in the implementation of shared services in the higher learning institutions via archival research method. The findings consolidate the archived information on shared services in nine higher education institutions in U.S, highlighting common critical features for the successful implementation of shared services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]