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2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) was converted to the corresponding diazonium chloride salt which combined with salicylaldehyde through azo-coupling reaction affording azothiadiazolic aldehyde compound (2), then aldehyde group was condensed with substituted anilines (2-methoxyaniline, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,4-dichloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-nitroaniline), respectively giving Schiff bases (3a-e). Imine compounds have been reacted with a-mercaptoacetic acid using microwave irradiation method affording the desired thiazolidinone derivatives (4a-e). Thiazolidines represent a very powerful kind of heterocyclic derivatives in pharmaceutical field and coerce researchers to reconnoiter novel drug candidates. Antibacterial study indicated that thiazolidinone derivatives (4a, 4d, and 4e) own effect greater than amoxicillin-clavulanate against Staphylococcus aurous, while compound (4e) appeared better activity than reference drug towards Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been shown that supersonic 2-crowdions are much more efficient at transferring mass along the crystal lattice compared to classical supersonic crowdions. This is so because, when a 2-crowdion moves, not one, but two atoms move at a high speed simultaneously, and the condition of self-focusing propagation is fulfilled for higher energies of the crowdion. It is interesting to analyze how interatomic potentials affect the self-focusing propagation of 2-crowdions. In this work, we investigate supersonic 2-crowdions in a bcc tungsten lattice by the molecular dynamics method using three different EAM interatomic poten- tials and the LAMMPS software package. It is shown that 2-crowdions propagate over much larger distances in tungsten modeled by potentials with stiffer repulsive cores (short-range parts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expectation that the materials science-based nanotechnologies can enable breakthroughs in the area of civil nuclear energy is spurred jointly by environmental degradation and potential depletion of traditional energy resources. Besides nuclear waste management, design of better moderators and of modified materials from which to build less damageable fuel-element casings, there is the prospect of miniaturizing the nuclear energy sources, whatever that is supposed to mean. In fact, as long as power is defined as the time rate of energy, the power yield is deduced from thermodynamics regardless of size. In the nuclear domain, though, downscaling often requires to extract power from the radioactive decay rather than from nuclear fission, and poses anew the question of nuclear energy conversion. If it is wished to enhance a power process, control must possibly be exploited at the nanoscale level. Rather than addressing nuclear power issues, Bohr's model of the atom acknowledges the taxonomy of the elements complying with Mendeleev's periodic table. In it the transmutations experienced by naturally radioactive elements are ascribed to an unalterable radioactive decay, and Pauli goes so far as to identify the radioactive clock with the archetype of time. With the advent of nuclear reactors and cyclotrons some control of the intermediate chain reactions was proven feasible. In order to control power, it is more useful to link the power process under test to a signal, and to try to model/interpret it starting from the signal only after the step by step control of power production has been achieved. It is also important to differentiate between signal and power in the pursuit of less impressive phenomena than radioactivity to supply utilizable power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is important commodities, and the demand for fish availability in the global market was increasing drastically nowadays. To increase the growth rate of the fish, it is necessary to provide rich nutrition food contain for the fish during its cultivation. Microalgae such as Spirulina sp. and Chlorella vulgaris are rich content of protein, carbohydrates, and essential fatty acids. Which are important for the fish growth, but usually also affects the digestive system of fish, including its histological structure. Hence, research was needed to examine the effects of food composition, on the histological structure of the said organs. The objectives of this study were to examine the performance of fish food made of microalgae on growth and to examine the intestine histological structure of Indonesian eel. The completely randomized design was used in these study, which consists of four treatments group of P1 (Spirulina sp.), P2 (Chlorella vulgaris), P3 (fish flour), and P4 (commercial fish food: Takari), with three replications each. Elver eels were put as much as 15 into each treatment group and feed for two times a day, for 56 d. Morphometric analysis, fish weight, and histological structure of the intestine were used as the parameters of the research. Results showed that food treatment did not result in significant specific growth rate, absolute weight growth, and absolute length growth of the fish. However, we could observe the changes in intestine histological structure for different of intestinal villi length and number of goblet cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper among the wide-ranging applications of nuclear methods the following topics were selected: a) Nuclear safeguards, illicit trafficking and demining; b) Bulk hydrogen analysis; c) Radiopharmaceuticals and related charged particle reactions; d) Accelerator transmutation of radioactive waste; e) Validation of nuclear data libraries by differential and integral measurements. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]