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Hybrid energy systems play a critical role in the electrification of remote dwellings. Currently, many residents in remote areas have no connection to the electricity grid and rely on standalone power systems driven by diesel generators. The integration of hybrid renewable energy sources has become an attractive solution to enhance power system capabilities, cost savings and environmental performance in recent times and hence provides a potentially cleaner alternative to diesel generators. However, effective operation of hybrid alternatives in such ways requires the careful configuration and operation of multiple power sources. This paper explores a hybrid system that involves a combination of renewable generation, battery energy storage and a diesel backup generator as a non-renewable energy source to supply electricity to rural areas. Easy-to-apply analysis and design rules are developed and discussed, which when applied can ensure adequate capacity to cover loads while retaining cost-effective operations in such off-grid situations. A case study considered is for a remote village in Malar, in the Awaran District of Baluchistan province in Pakistan. The hybrid renewable energy system is designed using the specified procedures and the Homer-pro software and simulated to determine the optimal cost for various combinations of renewables under different cases in comparison to the use of diesel generator as a raw base case. Building Energy optimization (BEopt) software is used for the creation of representative load profiles that reflects the consumption pattern of the remote household dwellers under consideration. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid system, and the obtained results indicate a significant reduction in energy cost post initial outlay. The effective cost of energy under the hybrid system of various combination of renewables is computed to be $0.171kWh, whereas the effective cost for the diesel generator system is $0.467kWh, resulting to 63% difference in energy cost. Similarly, this is reflective of the Net Present Cost (NPC) of Diesel Generator which is approximately thrice that of a hybrid system. The paper concludes by observing that even in the absence of financial instruments to support renewable and storage technology procurement and installation, design rules and configuration guidance tools such as that described in this work can increase the Rate of Return (ROR), and hence larger benefits for rural communities wishing to decarbonize and reduce long-term costs can be leveraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students are often exposed to danger while practicing throughout the learning and teaching process in electric current. Any wiring problem that causes a short circuit can cause a fire, where it can endanger students. Researchers have designed and developed a basic electrical wiring kit using an internet network-based remote control for teaching and learning purposes. This paper provides exposure to the latest trends in studying domestic wiring installation using remote controls based on internet networks. The kit design was produced using SOLIDWORKS Software and this kit was developed based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). In addition, digital multimeters were used to test the continuity of the components used in this quantitative study. An expert panel was selected using purposive sampling for product validation and questionnaire validation. Further, pre-tests and post-tests were carried out to identify the effectiveness of basic single-phase electrical wiring kits using internet-based remote controls as well as using independent T-tests to analyze the data obtained. The results showed that there was no significant difference between pre-test scores and post-test scores among the students of the treatment group in the local community housing area. In conclusion, the Basic Electrical Wiring Kit Using Internet Network-Based Remote Control allows use as a teaching aid to show the latest wiring trends to the local community and can also help the teaching and learning process in educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high rate of urbanization has resulted in the need for housing for the community. No exception in coastal areas, which are generally the center of growth for a city. On the other hand, housing development in coastal areas is still a pros and cons because it creates new problems in the vicinity. It changes the color of the area from fishing villages to modern housing. This study aims to examine settlement patterns along the coast of Makassar City. There are several variables in this study in the form of settlement patterns (based on location and topography), building orientation and building style. This study was conducted from March to September 2020, in 25 sub-districts laid on Makassar coastal line. Spatial analysis in the form of map interpretation is used to analyze settlement patterns. Field observations were made to determine the orientation and style of the building. At the end of the research, it was identified that the settlement pattern in the coastal area is dominated by clusters with landward development. However, some settlements have a spreading pattern with developments towards the sea, particularly in the North Zone. All residential buildings are land-oriented. Meanwhile, the building style is modern made of stone except for the houses above the sea which are houses on stilts made of wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable city is commonly defined as one that has achieved sustainability in every aspects, including economy, society and environment in order to enhance the quality of life of its current and future citizens. One of the most important objectives that has to be accomplished in order to reach such a state is the protection, conservation and restoration of its natural, cultural and historical heritage. In Ho Chi Minh City, more than 30 community houses have been certified as architectural art relics. This is a form of traditional Vietnamese architecture possessing immense cultural and artistic values that has to be preserved and brought into play. However, the state they are currently in mandates an immediate change in the management methods of the government and the awareness of the local people in order to fully utilize and uphold their values if they are to contribute to the construction of Ho Chi Minh City into a sustainable urban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responding to the high cost of planning a house, people with middle to lower economic background have to adapt the situation, including by doing self-planning without hiring planner services. In fact, self-planning may produce housing units that are less habitable and consequently, may bring adverse impacts or even create unfavorable condition to surrounding environment. In Chile, the issues linked to settlements gave birth to a great thinker, Alejandro Aravena, whose incremental housing design had solved the settlement problems effectively and efficiently. When connected with computer science discipline, the idea of open source can be a solution for computer users with economic limitations, allowing computers become a valuable asset to accommodate creativity. The method is by observing open source concept and find the possibility for adoption into the field of architecture, especially in housing design provision. By observing Alejandro Aravena’s incremental housing design and identifying house design in general, some basic plan modules will be formed as the result of design adaptation. By presenting an open design organization, it can facilitate any design to be delivered to people in need. One of the ideas of a house that can be presented as self-planning solution is universal design of incremental house. With effective management and the provision of right design, independent planning could be directed into huge capacity to solve housing problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]