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This paper presents an approach to transfer the whole set of low-level control systems from one robot bus i.e. autonomous shuttle to another one that has different specifications in electronics and mechanical perspectives. In this work, we executed a series of experiments to test the reliability and safety of the autonomous shuttle after transferring the critical control systems related to the steering and brakes into the shuttle. To fulfill the requirements to register an autonomous shuttle as a legal vehicle on the road in Estonia, we carried out several vital tests of the shuttle's low-level control system. For example, we manually disconnected the different subsystems to simulate the sudden failure to check whether the shuttle acts with the corresponding protocols (i.e., when the steering Control Area Network fails, the shuttle should initiate the braking and cut off the high-voltage power). This paper proves the possibility of transferring the low-level control systems between the different models of the autonomous shuttle without risking encountering safety/reliability-related issues. Our open-source solution will be helpful for the practical promotion and commercialization of autonomous shuttles in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the world of modern era we find many techniques for enhancement of reliability in distribution networks and meeting the consumer demand by provision of quality and incessant power supply. Amidst the various techniques, in this study, we opt for demand response (DR) and charging/discharging of electrical vehicles (EV's) are evaluated to ameliorating reliability for radially distributed power system by adopting teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. This analysis is considered due to the contribution of technologies like are DR and EV's for reducing the usage of conventional sources and enhancing the air quality. Here in this paper we are adopting reliability evaluation by considering energy expected not supplied (EENS) and loss of load expected (LOLE)where the characteristics of distribution network contains load and voltage profile. This paper provides a new optimization approach for finding the optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes selection of the processor architecture for the external control block implementation in assembler. This block is used to control the operation of the main control system and improve the reliability of the system as a whole. A scheme for the considered method implementation with an external control unit on CPU instead of FPGA is proposed. The development of software for it is realized in assembler. Analysis of the architectures' peculiarities that are currently available on the market is carried out. They are x86 and x86-64 for CISC. ARM v8, ARM64, RISC-V, SPARC, and LEON are for RISC. The paper performs translation of decision-making algorithms in multiversion environments from the C++ language into the assembler of the necessary architectures. The size of the resulting code is analyzed. The authors made conclusions on the basis of the obtained results. It is preferable to select a CISC architecture, since it simplifies and speeds up a software development process in the case when it is required to develop a code in assembler. As for the scheme selection for the control system implementation with an external control unit, the authors prove that it is quite acceptable to apply a CPU for the external unit instead of the initially proposed FPGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thin-metallic Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) executes the low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements of three different geometrics. These three different geometrics were taken out under stressing current densities at different temperatures to explore the weakness of LFN on the geometric form of VLSI interconnect. The relation between the VLSI reliability and the features of noise source in arithmetic based thin film is discussed in this paper. When we were applying the techniques to the noise implementations in sleuthing existing faults/ defects in the films, in this we can see that topic is reported the time to failure of VLSI interconnections are presented and also determining electro-migration activation energy. This paper delves into the era of VLSI technology and examines the impact of low-frequency noise (LFN) in solid-state systems. It highlights that the degradation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be a source of disturbance. Despite this, it is noted that reducing the size of integrated circuits leads to an improvement in SNR. The paper analyzes the behavior of these measurements under specific conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Econometric research grows with technological advances. In its most common form today, econometrics involves building a mathematical model, estimating the parameters of that model using data from the real world, and testing the results reliability. This study aims to identify general trends, countries, authors, and keywords related to econometrics and its applications over ten years (2013-2022) using bibliometric techniques. There were 377 articles that were published, and on average, each one has been used 15.54 times. In the past ten years, the number of publications and citations has grown at a rate equal to 10.47% growth per year. Second Bwanakare from the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszw, Poland, is the most productive contributor. The National Bureau of Economic Research in the United States had the most citations. Research on spatial econometrics is the most popular each year, with a peak of 18 papers in 2020. The fact that China is the only country in visualization based on titles and abstracts with VOSviewer shows how prominent research on spatial econometrics in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we used an innovative method to obtain the reliability of the system, which is the partition method, where we used a mixed system and extracted the reliability of this system through the methods of the minimum path. Then we partitioned the system into three parts and extracted the reliability of each subsystem. Then we applied one of the optimization methods to the mixed system and its sub-systems (Birnbaum's significance method). Let's also find a relationship between the importance of sub-systems and the mixed system, as well as a relationship between the importance of the components of the sub-systems and the mixed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to maintain competitiveness, it is imperative for the oil and gas sectors to consistently enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their production methodologies. The aforementioned circumstances have heightened apprehensions regarding equipment accessibility and the imperative for efficient maintenance. Within this particular context, the primary obstacle encountered by previous research endeavors is the selection of the most appropriate maintenance strategy. The strategic methodology for incorporating reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) is hindered in its ability to achieve productive objectives due to the utilization of techniques, tools, and technical engineering practices. These practices, such as mean time to failure, equipment downtime, and system availability values, are commonly employed to evaluate the reliability of the plant. This paper examines the utilization of RAM analysis in the context of oil refinery plants, employing it as a case study. The assessment of the system's reliability was conducted through the utilization of the reliability block diagram (RBD), which facilitated the identification of critical components. Following that, an examination was conducted to assess the availability and the effects of various maintenance strategies on the refinery. This examination involved the implementation of corrective maintenance (CM) as well as corrective and preventive maintenance (CM & PM). The Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) was simulated over a period of 365 days, equivalent to 8760 hours. The outcome of the simulation revealed an availability rate of 90%. The results obtained from the RBD analysis were compared to the strategies of Condition Monitoring (CM) and Condition Monitoring and Preventive Maintenance (CM & PM) implemented in the refinery. The availability achieved using the CM method was 72.79%, whereas the combined use of CM and PM resulted in an availability of 91.91%. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of CM & PM significantly affects the availability of the plant, leading to reduced equipment downtime in comparison to the results obtained from the RBD analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to have a reliable and efficient system for detecting and classifying multiple faults in the electrical power system in order to ensure continuity of power supply and reduce losses and consumer complaints. The paper presents an approach that uses current and voltage measurement method and MATLAB programming to detect and classify multiple faults in transmission lines or BusBar. The results of the study showed that the current and voltage measurement method is successful in detecting and classifying multiple faults. This approach can be useful in improving the reliability of power systems and ensuring continuity of power supply. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of the approach may depend on the specific characteristics of the power system being analyzed. Therefore, further testing and validation may be necessary before implementing this approach in real-world power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable Energy resources contribution is increasing in power generation because of fast depletion of fossil fuels. Solar power generation is one of the major sources of renewable energy resources in tropical countries like India. But solar power generation is facing the challenge of continuous and reliable power supply because of its infrequent nature. Hence reliability evaluation of Photovoltaic (PV) system has become a demanding research area. The impact of unreliable power supply can be improved by using energy storage system viz. battery. In this paper, power generation probability of PV system is obtained using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique and reliability of PV system with and without battery storage system is evaluated by considering failure rate and repair time for every component in the PV system which provide accurate results. The proposed methodology was implemented on K L E F 161.72 kW PV power plant connected to a load of 160 kW. The proposed methodology was implemented on K L E F 161.72 kW PV power plant connected to a load of 160 kW, the results obtained are presented and are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability has become major concern in the recent years. Reliability is an essential quality of a power distribution system. Reliability is the quality of distribution system to provide continuous and uninterrupted power supply to the consumers. Utilities always aim to find methods for improving the reliability in order to satisfy the consumers. Utilities uses different existed methodologies to boost the reliability of distribution system. In this paper, Demand Response (DR) approach is used to boost reliability of the considered distribution system. The indices such as System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) and System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) are used for reliability analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the method of constructing functional dependencies which is used in accordance with the recommendations of the State Corporation Rosatom when conducting tests in order to approve the type of measuring instruments for the neutron flux density, which are part of the control systems for the parameters of improved and new created reactor plants for various purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the test results, a way to improve the method under study is proposed, taking into account the inaccuracies of calculations when applying the existing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]