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A recent study from Palermo, Italy, discusses an atypical case of syphilis in a patient with HIV. The patient experienced mucocutaneous relapse during the late latent stage of syphilis, which was the initial presentation of their HIV infection. The patient had self-healing genital and palmoplantar lesions over a year before the presentation and denied any other sexual relationships. The patient was successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy and benzathine penicillin. This study highlights the importance of considering HIV infection in cases of syphilis and the need for appropriate treatment. [Extracted from the article]