Search

OBJECTIVES HIV-2-infected individuals usually initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an advanced age compared with HIV-1 patients, with a potential impact on treatment outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sex and age on mortality and loss to follow-up (LTFU) among HIV-2-infected individuals initiating ART. METHODS Analyses were conducted using the database of the International Epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS's collaboration in West Africa. LTFU was considered if the interval between the last visit and the closing date for this analysis was more than 180 days. Probability of death and LTFU were estimated with Kaplan-Meier methods. A Cox regression model was used to identify factors associated with death and LTFU over the first 24 months on ART. RESULTS A total of 1825 HIV-2-infected individuals, including 60% women were considered for this analysis. The median age, baseline CD4 cell count, and follow-up duration were 45 years [interquartile range (IQR; 38-52)], 185 cells/μl [IQR (95-297)], and 28.8 months [IQR (9.8-58.9)], respectively. Over the first 24 months, the mortality rate was 5.2/100 person-years of observation [95% confidence interval (CI; 4.4-6.1)] and 469 (25.7%) were LTFU. Male sex [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.9; 95% CI (1.4; 2.8)], baseline CD4 cell count less than 100 cell/μl [HR = 4.4 95% CI (1.7; 11.1); ref at least 350 cell/μl], haemoglobin 7.5-10 g/dl [HR = 2.4 95% CI (1.3; 4.4); ref at least 12 g/dl], and BMI less than 18 kg/m [HR = 2.1 95% CI (1.3; 3.4); ref = 18-25 kg/m] were associated with higher mortality over the first 24 months. Similar associations were found for LTFU. CONCLUSION Mortality and LTFU are high among ART-receiving HIV-2-infected individuals and higher in men than in women. There is a critical need to further determine the causes of poor retention and implement sex-specific solutions that improve outcomes in HIV-2 ART programmes.

OBJECTIVE Viral resistance occurs with high frequency after single-dose nevirapine. We aimed to evaluate the safety and resistance profiles of a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) in HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their newborns. DESIGN An open-label phase I/II trial in Cote d'Ivoire, Cambodia and South Africa. METHODS Women received antenatal zidovudine, intrapartum single-dose nevirapine and two tablets of TDF/FTC and one daily tablet of TDF/FTC during the 7 days postpartum. Their infants received single-dose nevirapine and zidovudine for 1 week. Serious adverse events (SAEs), kinetic of maternal plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load, genotypic resistance at 28 days postpartum and paediatric HIV-1 infection at 3, 28 and 45 days of life were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-eight HIV-1-infected pregnant women were enrolled (19 in Abidjan, 12 in Phnom Penh and seven in Soweto) with a median CD4 cell count of 450 cells/microl and median viral load of 4.08 log10 copies/ml. Women received TDF/FTC 4.9 h in median before delivery. Biological SAEs occurred in nine women. Among 39 live births, nine infants had clinical SAEs, including four deaths, and two developed severe anaemia. These SAEs were not likely to be related to TDF/FTC. Maternal viral load decreased by a median of 0.90 log10 copies/ml at 2 days postpartum and returned to baseline value at 28 days. No intrapartum HIV transmission was reported. No genotypic resistance mutation to zidovudine, nevirapine, FTC or TDF was detected. CONCLUSION The TDF/FTC combination was well tolerated in delivering women and exposed newborns. Nevirapine viral resistance appears to have been avoided by the intrapartum and 7-day postpartum TDF/FTC regimen.