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Lipids are ubiquitous macromolecules that play essential roles in several metabolic processes in plants, such as primary and secondary metabolism, energy storage, and lipid signaling, also being major constituents of membranes. Considering their importance, lipid contents, proportion, and composition are widely modulated in response to environmental conditions, which is even more important under unfavorable conditions such as abiotic stresses. In recent years, technological advances have allowed for the analysis of the global lipid profile, also known as lipidomics, which has emerged as a powerful tool for the comprehensive analysis of the modulation and roles of lipids under different conditions. This review provides a current overview of plant lipidomics research, covering the different lipid classes found in plants, analytical techniques, and the main lipid-related responses under temperature, water, salt, alkali, heavy metal, nutrient deficiency, light, and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]