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The paper presents aimed research results of the density level effect on quinoa plant development, yield and yield components to ensure maximum efficiency of crop rowing under regional conditions. Research was carried out for 2020-2022 in area of North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with the quinoa variety of Quartet. Several sowing rates 0.8; 1.2; 1.6 and 2.0 million seed per ha) were studied. According to the results a continuous sowing technology with a sowing rate of 1.6 million similar seeds per ha is recommended. It provides a pre-harvest density of 1.37 million plant/ha and yield of 2.12 t/ha. Development and formation of the main crop of seeds ensures the main inflorescence of the central stem. The average yield index and weight of 1000 seeds were 27.9% and 2.82 g, respectively. For obtaining larger seeds (1000 seed weight > 3.0 g), it is advisable to reduce the sowing rate to 1.2 million seed/ha. Yield shortage at this sowing rate in some years can be up to 0.08 t/ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of the buckwheat collection and elaboration of varietal models for summer-autumn growth period was carried out in 2015-2017 in the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine. The conditions for secondary (summer) crops were used as an analyzing background. On the basis of a species collection of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) represented by 124 samples, the working collection of 35 ones was formed. These samples are characterized by vegetation duration range of 70-85 days and yield level of 1.8-5.6 g/plant and they are potentially suitable for summer sowing. Depending on the reaction of plants to the analyzing background, the differentiation of the working collection into clusters was carried out, with the predominance of long-day (14%), photoneutrality (46%) and short-day (40%) characteristics. The groups with vegetative and generative mechanisms of indicator realization and their combination among short-term samples were selected. Models of siderat and grain directions with potential yield level of 5.3-6.2 t/ha of dry matter and 2.8-3.6 t/ha of grain have been identified and created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of grazing and mowing on the ontogenetic structure of cereal population of Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phleum pratense L., Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv., Alopecurus pratensis L., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski., Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub. were studied in the floodplains meadows of Psel River and Sula River (Forest-Steppe zone of the North-Eastern Ukraine). It was established with the decrease in the abundance (projective cover) of cereal grasses significant changes in the ontogenetic structure of populations occurred simultaneously on the pasture and mowing gradients. Grazing caused deeper transformation of the population structure of meadow grass than moving. The experimental results confirmed that the systematic implementation of geobotanical and population monitoring of meadow lands can be the advisable tool for organizing their optimal use and successful management. This will allow making corrections to the technology of using pastures and hayfields in order to prevent their degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]