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In agriculture water and nitrogen are the main factors that influence crop production in all regions. Interactions between water and nitrogen fertilization are complicated. The present study investigated the influence of nitrogen fertilization rate and rainfall distribution on plant height, grain yield and grain protein content of four winter wheat varieties in a three years field experiment in Turda, Romania. To establish the relationships between nitrogen fertilization rate, rainfall distribution and grain yield the follow parameters was determined: the rain use efficiencies (RUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Andrada and Codru had a significant higher RUE which means that this genotypes produced higher rate of grain yield per unit rainfall than Arieşan and Taisa. The highest NAE was recorded by Taisa which means that this cultivar has the highest ability to increase yield in response to the rate of nitrogen fertilizer applied. Andrada and Codru had the highest value of NUE, which means that these cultivars have the ability to use more efficiently the nitrogen to obtain a higher yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is one of the abiotic stress factors which affects the global production of grain cereals and is an important risk factor even for consecrated cultivation sites. This is even more acute for spring grains which are the most vulnerable to drought. This is the case for two-row spring barley which is highly sensitive to heat, especially in the post-anthesis phenophase. To monitor drought tolerance, we assess a number of 27 genotypes from the germplasm collection to identify the tolerant ones, to turn them into valuable genitors for cultivars adaptable to the new climate changes. In order to evaluate drought tolerance was used the principle of inducing this phenomenon through the use of chemical desiccants (NaClO3). The method is based on sprinkling the plants with desiccants (NaClO3) with a 2% concentration, 14 days after the anthesis. The genotypes that constitute the objective of this study are analysed through the prism of some components of production that are most significantly affected by the effects of drought appearing in the postanthesis phenophase, such as grain weight/spike and thousand grain weight (TGW). The most pronounced effect of the treatment is highlighted by the case of the genotypes Concerto and Vienna which reacts very favourably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]