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El grano de maíz es deficiente en lisina y triptófano, aminoácidos esenciales para la alimentación humana. La generación de genotipos con granos más nutritivos puede incidir de manera favorable en la salud de la población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de localidad sobre el rendimiento, las propiedades físicas y la calidad de la proteína del grano de 18 cruzas simples de maíz con calidad proteínica (QPM) (Zea mays L.). Los genotipos QPM resultaron de la cruza de seis líneas androestériles QPM (LQ1, LQ2, LQ3, LQ4, LQ5 y LQ6) y tres líneas élite QPM (CML173, CML354 y CML352), y se evaluaron en dos localidades: FESC-UNAM y CEVAMEX-INIFAP, en primavera y verano de 2014. Las variables evaluadas fueron el rendimiento, peso hectolítrico, peso de cien granos, índice de flotación, proteína, lisina, triptófano e índice de calidad, en el Laboratorio de Maíz del INIFAP. Para todas las variables se realizó un análisis de varianza combinado e individual y se realizó una prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey). Las cruzas simples con productividad mayor y mejores características físicas de calidad (en ambas localidades) fueron LQ6 x CML352, LQ3 x CML352 y LQ4 x CML354, presentaron granos de tamaño mediano y de textura intermedia y dura. Solo la cruza LQ5 x CML354 presentó el porcentaje de triptófano y lisina cercanos a lo indicado en la literatura para declarar a un maíz como de calidad proteínica.

To achieve water and food safety, it is necessary to identify crops outstanding in regard to efficient water use. In Mexico, the Valles Altos region has frequent water scarcity, so it is necessary to characterize maize genotypes that show outstanding traits under conditions of low water availability. The objective of this study was to identify water productivity, yield and hectolitre weight of white maize hybrids grown in Valles Altos. Ten white maize hybrids were used in the experiment; five from UNAM and five from INIFAP. These hybrids were established under two levels of nitrogen fertilization (low: 80 kg ha-1 and high 160 kg ha-1) in two environments: FESC-UNAM (Cuautitlán Izcalli) and CEVAMEX (Texcoco) in the State of Mexico. The experiment was established as randomized complete blocks, variables were recorded to calculate grain yield at 14 % commercial moisture and related to the volume of water entering each environment, the total water productivity was identified. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS and means were compared with Tukey’s test. With a combined analysis, a significant interaction of environment with hybrids and nitrogen fertilization was found in grain yield. Total water productivity, estimated at an overall mean of 0.78 kg m-3, was significant for environments, hybrids and nitrogen dosage. Grain yield showed an overall average of 4.8 Mg ha-1. In hectolitre weight, a significant difference was found in the environment and hybrid factors, with an overall average of 73.8 kg hL-1. Total water productivity was higher in the FESC-UNAM environment where irrigation was not provided, with no significant difference in grain yield.