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Highlights: [•] Traditional agro-forest systems (TLUS) have a high conservation value. [•] Abandonment and intensification of TLUS decrease their biodiversity. [•] Both types of land-use change decrease provision of ecosystem services of TLUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Weed communities in fields of different age since conversion to no-till were studied. [•] Eleven out the 13 weed traits tested responded to this age gradient. [•] Perennial and monocotyledon weed species were favored. [•] Favored species invested heavily in the development of their root system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Habitat templet theory predicts that habitat provides the templet on which evolution shapes species’ multiple traits and thus their characteristic life-history strategies. By analysing entire trait communities (multiple species and traits) in this framework we can enhance our understanding of how species composition changes as environmental constraints vary across the landscape. Here, we study multiple traits of floodplain Orthoptera communities under the influence of two different sources of disturbance, land use and seasonal flooding. The application of two recently developed statistical techniques – qualitative RLQ analysis and subsequent fourth-corner permutation tests – revealed two different life history strategies in Orthoptera as a response to ecological disturbances, resulting from land use management and seasonal flooding. Orthoptera species seem to have developed two complementary strategies: (i) the high active dispersal-low reproduction strategy in intensive land use situations and (ii) the high passive dispersal-high reproduction strategy in areas with high flood disturbance. Disturbance gradients act as trait filters allowing only particular trait combinations i.e. species with particular preadaptations to survive, whereas others go regionally extinct. Reproduction and dispersal capacity seem to be inversely associated with the disturbance gradients. Ovariole number, taken as the measure for reproduction, showed significant phylogenetic signal, which could potentially confound this relationship. Nonetheless, RLQ analyses coupled with fourth-corner permutation tests proved a powerful tool to reveal and disentangle different evolutionary strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]