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Agricultural land is an important natural resource and the wealth of each country; in addition it is one of the main production factors, especially for the agricultural businessmen. That is a reason that state law makers adopt the legal regulations which are able to protect this unique natural resource and prefer using the land mainly for the agricultural purposes. The Slovak law makers have followed also such objectives by adoption of the Law No. 140/2014 Coll. on the acquisition of ownership of agricultural land and amending and supplementing certain laws. The paper analyses the economic and legal impacts of this law on the agricultural market in Slovakia with the regard to the presented land protection as the objective of the new legal regulation.