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Ventral eversible glands (VEG) were removed from larvae of the fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and extracted with methylene chloride. GC analysis of the VEG extract showed that the volatile components were about 98% saturated hydrocarbons. The distribution of individual hydrocarbons was as follows: n-tridecane, 0.1%; n-tetradecane, 2.4%; n-pentadecane, 96.2%; n-hexadecane, 0.3%; and n-heptadecane, 1.0%. Other components present at low levels were 1-pentadecene and three sesquiterpenes. A logarithmic increase in n-pentadecane level in the VEG occurred with successive molts from the third through fifth instar. The level of n-pentadecane in the VEG was empirically higher in fifth instar larvae feeding on corn foliage than in larvae feeding on a pinto bean diet or on cotton or peanut foliage.

Trichoderma koningii, isolated from the roots and soil line of an ornamental Diffenbachia sp., yielded, when cultured on shredded wheat, a novel metabolite trivially named koninginin A. The compound is a ketal that weakly inhibits the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles at 10-3 m, and is a white, finely crystalline compound with the molecular formula of C16H28O4 and a melting point of 80 ~ 84°C. The structure has been established by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS.

Botrytis cinerea, which was isolated from the surface of stored sunflower seed, produced a novel biologically active natural product when cultured on shredded wheat medium. The metabolite, trivially named cinereain, was a ruby red crystalline product with the molecular formula C18H21N3O3 and melting point 201~203°C. The structure was unequivocally established by single crystal X-ray diffraction; UV, IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and mass spectrometry supported the crystallographic data. Cinereain significantly inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat. coleoptiles (p < 0.01) at 10-3 and 10-4 m in bioassays. No effects were noted on treated intact greenhousegrown bean and tobacco plants, but there was mild necrosis and chlorosis in corn.

When Neocosmospora tenuicristata was cultured on shredded wheat medium, monorden was produced in relatively large quantities. Monorden significantly (p

(1989). 3,7-Dimethyl-8-hydroxy-6-methoxy-isochroman from Penicillium corylophilum: Plant Growth Regulatory Activity. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1975-1977.