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This study aims to analyze factors that influence the use of Cyber Extension by agricultural extension workers in Manado City. The type of data in this study is primary data obtained directly from interviews and through questionnaires distributed to respondents, namely agricultural extension workers in Manado City. The number of samples in this study amounted to 30 people with data collection techniques using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence the use of Cyber Extension by agricultural extension workers in Manado City are age, education, training, and media ownership.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the income of lowland rice farming in Tonom Village, Dumoga Timur District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months, from November 2021 to January 2022. The data used in this study were primary data and secondary data. The sample was selected using a proportional stratified random sampling method (Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling). The population was divided into three strata based on the area of land planted with lowland rice, namely strata I (land area 1 Ha), Strata II (land area 1-2 Ha) and strata III (land area 2 Ha). The number of samples is 30 people from 116 farmer population. The results of this study indicate that the income of lowland rice farming per hectare at strata I, II, and III respectively is Rp. 6,029,865, Rp. 6,241,915, and Rp. 6,257,939. This shows a tendency that the larger the cultivated land, the higher the income per hectare from lowland rice farming.

This study aims to find out and see how the role of field agricultural extension workers, especially in the lowland rice farmer groups in Kaneyan Village, Tareran District, South Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted in Kaneyan Village, Tareran District, South Minahasa Regency in July 2022. The data collection method was obtained from primary data through direct interviews using a questionnaire, and secondary data was obtained from agencies related to research and various literature that was in accordance with the research objectives. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling (intentionally). Determination of the sample of 10 respondents who are the head of agricultural extension workers and the Teguh Bersinar rice field farmer group. The results of the study showed that the extension workers had carried out their duties properly. This can be seen from the majority of respondents who stated that extension agents had guided and facilitated farmers to be better.

This study aims to analyze the income of ginger farming in Mokobang Village, Modoinding District, South Minahasa Regency. The research was carried out for 2 months from July to August 2022. The sampling method used the purposive sampling method with criteria based on farmers who had harvested during the research, taken farmers who harvested the January-June period and the July-August 2022 period with 15 respondents. farmer. The research uses primary data obtained from direct observation and interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from related agencies, namely the Agricultural Extension Center (AEC) Modoinding District and the Mokobang Village Government. The analytical method used in this research is income analysis and farming feasibility analysis. The results showed that the average income of ginger farming which was harvested in January-June was IDR 2,515,636/Ha with an average land area of 0.61 Ha, while the income earned by ginger farmers who were harvested in July-August was IDR 3,714,610/ Ha with an average land area of 0.29 Ha for one growing season (9 months). The R/C ratio of ginger farmers who harvest in January-June is 1.10 and the R/C value of ginger farmers who harvest in July-August is 1.09. The R/C value obtained is more than 1, this shows that ginger farming in Mokobang Village is feasible to be cultivated.

This research aims to analyze the income of lowland rice farmers in Minanga Satu Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted from January to February 2021. The types of data used in this study were primary data and secondary data which were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the income of lowland rice farmers in Minanga Satu Village was more than eight million rupiah per hectare per one planting season. This result is obtained from the difference between the total production cost and farm income where the total production cost is Rp.9,811,832 per hectare per planting season with the farmer's income of Rp.18,189,300 per hectare per planting season, so the income is Rp.8,377,468 per hectare per growing season. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the income of lowland rice farming in Minanga Satu Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency if calculated per month for lowland rice farming in Minanga Satu Village, the average income is Rp. 1,396,244. This amount is small when compared to the regional minimum wage in Southeast Minahasa Regency which is more than three million rupiah.

This research aims to determine the public's perception of hydroponic vegetable plants in Batukota Village, Malalayang District, Manado City. This research was carried out for 3 (three) months, from April to June 2021. This research was carried out in Batukota Village, Malalayang District, Manado City. The method of data collection is done by survey method, the data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from direct interviews with the people of Batukota Village using a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from the Urban Hydrofarm manager and the Batukota Urban Village Office, as well as other data deemed relevant. Analysis of the data used in this study is descriptive analysis with measurements using a Likert Scale. Sampling was carried out by means of Simple Random Sampling as many as 30 samples. The results showed that there were still many people in Batukota Village who did not know about vegetable crops using hydroponic techniques.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of the policy for the development of the Lembeh Strait tourism object, South Lembeh District, Bitung City. as well as to determine the factors supporting and inhibiting the implementation of the policy. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observations and documents The theory used is the Van Meter and Van Horn implementation model, the model consisting. The research informants were 15 people. The results showed that the implementation of the Lembeh Strait tourism object development policy, South Lembeh District, Bitung City has not been carried out properly due to the difficulty of establishing communication with the surrounding community in terms of cooperation in maintaining and supporting development facilities and the implementation of planned activities. In implementing this policy, human resources are still experiencing obstacles. Inadequate and ineffective coordination with other agencies is caused by the agency's own department, and the agency assumes itself that this development task is only the task of the related institutions.T

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the income of rice farmers based on: (1) land tenure status and (2) ethnicity in Dumoga Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Primary data collection in this study was in the form of data obtained from the results of direct interviews with farmers from each ethnic group of Bolaang-Mongondow, Minahasa, Bali and Java. Secondary data were obtained from documents from related institutions and journal articles and documents from libraries and the internet relating to the title of this study. Determination of the location of the study was done intentionally (purposive sampling) that is the area that is the center of the rice paddy plants. Sampling was done accidentally (accidently sampling) to the owner's farmers, tenant farmers, and tenant farmers based on land tenure and ethnicity status. Each ethnic of paddy rice farmers in the location was taken by 15 respondents so that the total number of respondents from all ethnic groups was 60 respondent farmers. The calculated variables are land area, total production, fixed costs and variable costs, revenue and income. To analyze the comparison of rice income based on ethnicity and land tenure status of rice farmers. Data analysis in the form of acceptance, income and descriptive analysis. The results showed the largest amount of income based on the status of land ownership owned by farmers in each ethnic owner. The biggest income based on ethnicity is owned by rice farmers who come from Ethnic Mongondow.*eprm*

This study aims to calculate the business profit of "Pia Melati" in Mariyai Village, Sorong Regency, West Papua. This research was conducted for 3 months from September to November 2017. Data collection method used in this study is survey method. Data used is primary data by interviewingtechniques to business owners using a questionnaire. Secondary data was obtained from the Food and Industrial Processing Service of Sorong Regency. The results of this study indicate that this business costsfor a month is Rp.57,162,654, revenue is Rp.77,625,000 and profit is Rp.20,012,346. R/C ratio of 1.35, is indicated that this business is profitable.*llr+eprm*

This study aims to determine the added value of coconut coir in the processing industry of PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo, Bitung City. This research was conducted at PT Berkat Abadi Korindo Bitung City from January to March 2020. The location was determined purposively with the consideration that PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo is the only company that processes coconut coir into “Fish Net” products in North Sulawesi. The type of data used in this study is primary data obtained through direct interviews with company owners using a list of data requirements that have been prepared as well as direct observations about conditions in the field during the analysis period. The research data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using added value analysis. The results of this study indicate the coconut coir processing industry of PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo, Matuari Sub-District, Bitung City provides added value of more than 0 or Rp. 2,331.14 from every 1 kg of coconut husk to 0.16 kg of "Fish Net".

The purpose of this study was to determine the profit sharing system between land owners and tenants in Langowan Utara Sub-District. This research was conducted for three months at Langowan Utara District from November 2020 to January 2021. The data used in this study are primary data which is processed based on interviews with 15 tenant farmer respondents who were taken intentionally and secondary data were obtained from the village office and sub-district office and literature in libraries and on the internet related to this research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The results showed that the sharing of agricultural land in the village was carried out with a system of three or 1:2, the division was that the tenant farmers got two parts and the owner farmers got one share, the provision of seeds, fertilizers, labor, etc. until the harvest period is borne by the cultivator while the owner farmer only receives the net harvest without paying any fees.

This study aims to determine the value of land that has been released whether it affects the value of land and determine the use of money from land acquisition in Tonsewer Selatan Village, Tompaso Barat Sub-district. This research was conducted in three months, from September to November 2019. The sampling method in this study uses a non-probability sampling technique or census sampling. The samples used in this study were 13 respondents, namely all farmers who own agricultural land who have sold their land so that land conversion has occurred. In this study using primary data obtained from direct interviews with respondents using a list of questions that have been prepared. Secondary data obtained from relevant agencies. The results showed that the value of the land acquired was higher in value than the present land value. This means that the value of land that has been acquired affects the current value of land. The money from the land acquisition has been used for various purposes, namely: for business capital, buying new land, saving, buying vehicles, renovating houses, and for daily needs.*eprm*

The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefits received by the fried home business industry in a single production process. This research was conducted in the Village Shoulder, Malalayang District, Manado City. This research was conducted for 3 months from October to December 2019. The data used in this study were primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected using direct interview techniques with business owners with the help of a list of questions prepared in advance. Data collected in this study were then analyzed using profit analysis using the formula for Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C) analysis. The results showed that the fried food business in the Village of Bahu, Bunaken District, Manado City was very profitable and got an R / C value of 1.35, which meant the industry was profitable and feasible to be developed. *eprm*

This study aims to determine the characteristics of smallholder farmers in Tolok Village, Tompaso District. The study was conducted in August to September 2019. The selection of samples in this study was carried out purposevley with 33 respondent farmers, namely those who have small size of land of less than 0.5 hectares. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected through interviews and observations. Secondary data were obtained from the Tolok Village office, library and the Internet. Data analysis uses description analysis, which describes the characteristics of smallholder farmers and is presented in tabular form. The results showed that farmers who have small size of land with low income and are unable to rely solely on the agricultural sector as a source of income. The non-agricultural sector is also used as a source of additional income to meet their needs.*eprm*

This study aims to identify the source of household income of clove farmers in Tulap Village, Kombi Sub-district, of Minahasa Regency. This study was conducted from February to March 2018. The data collection method used were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained directly from the source through a survey by using questionnaires as the main instrument to collect data to clove farmers who also plant other crops such as peanuts, corn, and caberawit. The secondary data includ data published by the Central Bureau of Statistics as well as various literature related to the research topic. The results showed that the source of income of clove farmer household in Tulap Village, Kombi Sub-district, consisted of clove farming, other farming business, and those outside of farming business. The income pources outside farming were divided into farmers' and household members of farmers income. The highest income of clove farmers was obtained by the farmers' households, which meet the four sources of income, namely from clove farming, other farming, non-farm income and family members income with an average of Rp. 113,476,641 per year with a percentage of 15.22%. This proves if clove farmers have other farming businesses, have jobs outside the farm business, and household members have jobs and contribute to household income, the household will be more prosperous.*Ghmk*.

The objective of this research is to know rambutan fruit income ratio during holiday and not holiday. This research was conducted in Talawaan Village Talawaan Subdistrict. For three months, ie from June to August 2015, from preparation, data collection to the preparation of research reports. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews to 20 (twenty) respondents of rice farmers and 20 respondents for sellers of Rambutan Fruit and secondary data obtained from the government of Talawaan subdistrict of North Minahasa. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis, where the data collected will be presented in tabular form. The results showed that agro-tourism influenced the income of rambutan fruit seller is seen from the day of the holiday increment compared to the day is not a holiday.

The study aimed to assess factors - supporting and inhibiting factors in Agribusiness Strawberries. This research was conducted in the Village Rurukan and Rurukan One, Sub-district of East Tomohon, Tomohon City. The study lasted for 3 (three) months, from July to September 2016 starting from preparation through research reports. This study uses primary data and secondary data. The samples in this study were all strawberry farmers in Rurukan and Rurukan One, they are 7 strawberries farmers in which five farmers who are still active, while two farmers are no longer planted strawberries, consumers or tourists who visit, and the institution or village. Data analysis method used is descriptive (descriptive analysis), where the study was conducted to examine the factors supporting and inhibiting agribusiness Strawberries. The results showed that the factors - factors supporting and inhibiting the main agribusiness strawberries for subsystem Agriinput, Subsystem Agriproduksi, Subsystems Agriindustri, Subsystems Agriniaga, and Subsystem Agriservis. The detail findings are: (a) subsystems Agriinput main supporting factors are strawberry seeds, fertilizers and labor while the main inhibiting factor is the land, the weather and the capital; (b) subsystem Agriproduksi main supporting factor is the knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of strawberries and strawberry fruit prices, while the limiting factor is the main weather and capital; (c) sub-system Agriindustry main supporting factors are: processing technology, while being the main limiting factor is the capital and processing equipment; (d) subsystem Agricommerce main supporting factor is the market, price of Strawberries and that became the main limiting factor is the capital; (e) Subsystem Agriservice main supporting factors are education, agricultural extension and being the main limiting factor is the information.

This study aims to determine how how big the valuations of water in the spring Tataneyan located in the Village Kinilow I, District of North Tomohon, Tomohon, by using the concept of economic valuation to calculate the value of the utilization of water resources directly or indirectly. This study was conducted from October to December 2016, using primary and secondary data with sampling technique simple random sampling method and the respondents as many as 30 people. Analysis of the data used is quantitative analysis to identify the value of the value of benefits in the area of water resources in the waters Tataneyan value direct use for domestic households and public bath are also value the presence of fish breeding and agricultural irrigation water spinach. The results showed that the area of the springs Tataneyan have a total economic benefit value of Rp. 1.586.715.372/year. By calculating the average value of the obtained surplus WTP consumers showed the overall consumer receives more benefits than the actual price that is able to pay in exploiting springs Tataneyan. The total value of economic benefits can be used as a reference for local communities in the utilization and management of water in the spring Tataneyan.Keywords : Economic Valuation, Water Resources, WTP ( Willingness to pay), Kinilow, Tomohon

This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the number of workers in the wooden house indutry at Tompaso Baru, South Minahasa. The data used were primary data obtained from the 23 available wooden house enterprises in Tompaso Baru by using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple regression and a Cobb Douglass Model was apllied. The Factors that were analyzed including the wages, production values and capital. The preliminary analysis shows there was a high correlation (multicollinearity) between the production value and capital. It has been decided to drop the capital factor in further analysis. Results of the analysis showed that the models used were good enough to be used for analysis, indicated by the R2 value of 91.4% and a significant level of the model which was of less than 1%. Partial significant level of each factor, wages and production value, was also less than 1%. This showed that wages and production value were significant factors in the determining the number of workers recruited in the wooden house industry in Tompaso Baru. Both of them have positive directions, meaning that an increase in wages or production value would increase the number of workers in this industry.*ghmk*

This study aims to find out how much farm income clove and clove farming contribution to total household income of farmers in the New Raanan 2 Village. The study was conducted from March to June 2015. Samples size was 30 respondents using purposive sampling method. Results from this study indicate clove farm income is a source of income which contributes most of all sources of income of farming families. However, in terms of farm income cloves there are several indicators that show the need for increased production and expenditure savings, given harvest once a year and selling prices are volatile. Farmers need to maintain the indicators that have been rated excellent for this, such as vacant devote time to other farms and use clove farm income to education, such as sending children to school.

This study aims to find out how the perceptions of the peasant community towards the tradition of rambu solo / traditional funeral in Marinding Village. This study lasted for 4 (four) months starting from April 2018 to July 2018 in Marinding Village, Mengkendek Sub-district, Tana Toraja Regency. The data collection method used is primary data collected through direct interviews with the community members and secondary data obtained from the Marinding Village Office. The sampling method used the purposive sampling method. The number of respondents is 15 people. Data analysis used was descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were two types of perceptions from the farmers community towards the tradition of rambu solo / traditional funeral in Marinding Village, Mengkendek Sub-district, Tana Toraja District, namely not supporting and supporting. There are 8 out of 15 respondents who do not support the rambu solo tradition because it is considered a waste that costs very large and expensive and is often for showing their social status in the community. But there is also support in which 7 out of 15 respondents support this tradition because the tradition of the rambu solo tradition reflects the life of the Toraja people who like togetherness and family. In addition, the implementation of solo signs opened up markets and huge profits for the rice farmers, coffee, and cattleman, especially for buffalos and pigs, because they could sell their all agricultural products to people who carried out rambu solo tradition which were usually carried out after the harvest period.*eprm*.

The objective of this research is to assess the economic development disparities among districts and cities in North Maluku in 2010 - 2015 period. This research is motivated by the diversity of natural resources and demographic conditions, differences in income per capita and economic growth contained in each regency and town in North Maluku. As a result of these differences, the ability to increase economic development is different from one region to the other region. The data collected for two months from February to March 2017. The data used are PDRB per capita data, population data and economic growth data obtained from Central Bureau of Statistics of North Maluku Province. Analysis of data in the form of descriptive analysis presented in tabular form using Williamson Index analysis tool. The results showed that the economic development district and cities in the province of North Maluku during the period 2010 - 2015 continues to inequality, where the data is used proved that there are significant differences among the districts and cities in North Maluku. Results proficiency level could be seen clearly when analyzed by Williamson Index which indicates that the rate of economic development was still classified inequality on inequality of economic development. This was due to the diversity of potential and natural resources among districts and cities that led to per capita income and economic growth becomes different resulting imbalance of economic development.

This study aims to analyze how the income of water spinach farmers (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk). This research was conducted in Kaima Village, Kauditan District, North MinahasaRegency and lasted from April 2016 until October 2017. The research method used in this research is survey method by interview all farmers of kangkung. Data collection method in this research is to use primary data through prepared list of questions that are obtained through direct interviews with farmers and secondary data from related agencies such as Head of Village Office, Statistic and Agricultural Extension Offices. Sampling method is the determination of saturated samples means that all water spinach farmers are used as a sample much as 6 respondents. The concept of measurement of variables in this study is the production, land area, selling price, revenue, expenditure, and supporting variables. Analysis of data used is the data obtained are presented in table form and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the income of kangkung farming in Kaima Village, Kecamatan.Kauditan was beneficial.