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Large mammals consist of a wide variety of animal species ranging from lower herbivores to top carnivores (Collier, Ditchkoff, Raglin, & Smith, 2007). Natural habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate due to the expansion of human habitats, which account for the loss and reduction in many large mammalian species (Vaughan, Ryan, & Czaplewski, 2000). Therefore, the aim of this paper was to record the large diurnal mammals of Nechisar National Park and to identify the major human activities that threaten this cohort of species and their habitat. Among the order Artiodactyla, the family Bovidae was represented by seven species followed by the order Suidae ( I n i = 2) and the order Hippopotamoid ( I n i = 1). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The spotted hyaena ( I Crocuta crocuta i ) is an important carnivore species whose dual role of scavenger and predator is vital to trophic energy flows of systems in which they are found (Cooper, 1990; Kruuk, 1972). Photographs (a,b) and (c,d) respectively, show two individual spotted hyaenas recorded at different camera stations gl Spotted hyaena density estimates for the null (g0 ~ 1), site-specific (g0 ~ k) and time factor (g0 ~ t) population models are given in Table 1. Using by-catch camera trapping data for estimating the population size of spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta) This study successfully derived population estimates of spotted hyaenas at MWR using by-catch data collected from a leopard baited camera trap survey using capture-recapture analysis. [Extracted from the article]

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According to the respondents, the most common types of wildlife involved in the crop damage were the Anubis baboon (45.3%, I n i = 146), Common warthog (14.9%, I n i = 48), Bush pig (14.6%, I n i = 47), Vervet monkey (13.7%, I n i = 44), and Porcupine (11.5%, I n i = 37). The majority of the respondents (55.0%, I n i = 177) were keeping their livestock around the home; 30.4% ( I n i = 98) of them were herding on communal land; and the rest (14.6%, I n i = 47) were herding their livestock in both of their home areas and communal land. The main sources of income for most of the respondents ( I n i = 134, 41.6%) were crop farming, 18.6% ( I n i = 60) were engaged in livestock production, and 39.8% ( I n i = 128) mixed sources of income, such as crop farming, livestock keeping, fattening of cattle, and beekeeping. [Extracted from the article]

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An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles within the issue on topics including forest management, ecosystem and wildlife conservation.

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We searched the literature for articles mentioning interspecific amplexus in Africa using a combination of the terms "amplexus", "frog", or "amphibian" with "interspecific", "heterospecific" "unusual" or "abnormal" in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Keywords: afrotropical; amphibian; breeding; herpetofauna; mate recognition; reproduction EN afrotropical amphibian breeding herpetofauna mate recognition reproduction 788 793 6 09/02/22 20220901 NES 220901 INTRODUCTION Amplexus, the mating position in which a male grasp a female, is an important aspect of anuran reproduction (Carvajal-Castro et al., 2020). We considered "interspecific amplexus" as the amplexus behaviour between two or more live individuals belonging to different amphibian species. Mix and match: New records of interspecific amplexus among South African frogs, with a review of sub-Saharan Africa. [Extracted from the article]

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Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From the forest to the fork: A conceptual framework of the wild meat supply-demand system to guide interventions in tackling unsustainable trafficking and consumption in the Congo Basin The conservation sector has been aware of the decline of wildlife in Central African forests for decades and its alarming unsustainable scale as urban populations grow (Ingram et al., 2021; Wilkie et al., 2016). While the framework was originally developed with large urban centres in mind, WCS has adapted it beyond large urban centres to also address dynamics in rural protein-poor towns on the wild meat value chain to provide legal, sustainable options to consumers and engage wild meat value chain actors in other businesses. [Extracted from the article]

Edge habitats, where the African wildcats were photographed, could place them at increased risk of human-wildlife conflict or disease transmission, as seen in other species (Bloomfield et al., 2020; Mardaraj & Sethy, 2015). Additionally, it is important to know more about the remaining population of wildcats in and around this park as well as other carnivoran species remaining in the NNP to conserve these species and update management efforts. Dowsett (1990) recorded the African wildcat in his survey of fauna and flora of Nyungwe National Park (NNP). Keywords: camera traps; landowners; Nyungwe National Park; wildcat EN camera traps landowners Nyungwe National Park wildcat 71 74 4 02/28/22 20220301 NES 220301 INTRODUCTION The African wildcat ( I Felis lybica i , Forster, 1780) has a large geographical distribution, stretching throughout the African continent, excluding tropical forests and true deserts (Boitani et al., 1999; Nowell & Jackson, 1996). [Extracted from the article]

Where hyaenas were absent, osteodystrophy in vulture chicks due to Ca and P deficiency occurred in 17% of chicks, but no chicks suffered from this metabolic bone disease at sites where hyaenas were present (Richardson et al., 1986). In this inorganic white powder form (Figure 1c), hyaena faeces mimic the application of bone meal, a common fertiliser for soils, whereby stable Ca phosphates become increasingly soluble with decreasing soil pH (Jeng et al., 2007). Bones contain significant levels of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), which are important to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems (Carter et al., 2007). [Extracted from the article]

Of the two PAs that we surveyed, records of servals occurred during daytime (09:31 AM) and during night-time (01:25 AM) in DDNP, while in MDNP, all serval detections were recorded at night. Here, we use camera traps to provide the first record of the serval in Deng-Deng National Park (DDNP) and the co-occurrence of the serval and the golden cat in MDNP, Cameroon. African golden cats ( I Caracal i I aurata i Temminck, 1827; hereafter, "golden cat") occur in the forests and forest-savannah mosaics (hereafter, "FSM") of West and Central Africa (Bahaa-el-din et al., 2015). Golden cats and servals were never recorded at the same station, and records of the serval were situated between 1.74 km to 5.38 km from where the first and second golden cat events were recorded. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: camera; congo; forest; mammal; picathartes; survey; trapping EN camera congo forest mammal picathartes survey trapping 749 754 6 09/01/21 20210901 NES 210901 INTRODUCTION The Republic of the Congo's (RoC) "Niari Département" is a little-known, yet biologically rich, component of the Guineo-Congolian forest domain (Devers & Vande Weghe, 2006). Common mammal species inventory utilizing camera trapping in the forests of Kouilou Département, Republic of Congo. The study included the deployment of camera trap arrays to survey common, medium to large mammals, (Ancrenaz et al., 2012; Meek et al., 2014; Mugerwa et al., 2013; Orban et al., 2018). A camera trap assessment of the forest mammal community within the transitional savannah-forest mosaic of the Batéké Plateau National Park. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examined an adult pangolin scat and stomach content from a juvenile pangolin; it remains uncertain if juvenile giant pangolins forage in same ways as the adults as has been observed in the Temmincks' pangolin diet (Pietersen et al., 2016). I Camponotus brutus i and I Palthothyreus. tarsatus i were the most abundant ant species in the juvenile giant pangolin's stomach, while I Polyrhachis militaris i and I C. brutus i predominated in the adult pangolin's scat. The giant pangolin stomach content and scat samples suggest that both pangolin individuals had fed on similar species (six common species representing more than 55% of their diets). Pangolins (Pholidoda: Manidae) primarily feed on ants and termites (Ashokkumar et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2017; Pietersen et al., 2016). [Extracted from the article]

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The combined chilli + metal strip and the stand-alone metal strip fence demonstrated significant deterrent effects when compared to the no deterrent control ( I p i = 0.013 & I p i = 0.019, respectively); this also was true at <=6 m (Table 1). We hypothesised that the combined chilli + metal strip fence would be the most effective at deterring elephants because of the double barriers and the multiple modalities stimulated (visual, olfactory, auditory, gustatory), ensuring that elephants retained a negative association with the fence. Chilli + metal strip fence: a combined lower metal strip fence and upper chilli pepper fence. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights the 21st Congress of the International Primatology Society held on June 25-30, 2006 in Entebbe, Uganda. The theme of the congress was "Primate Conservation in Action." Many of the papers presented at the conference looked at theoretical aspects of primate behavior and evolution. The context of the talks offered some encouraging evidence that primatologists are coming out of the forest and conducting research with both a pure and applied approach. During the event, Uganda clearly was able to demonstrate its primates, their habitat and the people that are their neighbours.

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Vehicle-wildlife collisions have been reported to be a great threat to wildlife survival and traffic safety in many countries (Das, Ahmed, Lahkar, & Sharma, [9]; Hobday & Minstrell, [14]; Seiler, [37]). Else-ways, spatial determinants of vehicle-wildlife collisions encompass variation in animal abundance, the location of preferred foraging habitats, human settlements, landscape topography, road and traffic characteristics and fence location (Hubbard, Danielson, & Schmitz, [15]; Nielsen, Anderson, & Grund, [29]). On average, one vehicle collision with a medium/large wild mammal occurred approximately every 4 days at an encounter rate of 0.03 animals/km. Wildlife warning reflectors and white canvas reduce deer-vehicle collisions and risky road-crossing behavior. [Extracted from the article]

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The article presents a study on the relationship between Olamayio or lion hunting and Maasai population in villages near the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem in Tanzania. Explored is the impact of lion hunting frequency on the area's wildlife conservation and protection. A table is also provided on the percentage of Maasai's lion hunting practices.

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Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses research concerning the habitat loss of tortoises (genus Kinixys) due to overhunting, climate change and human threat in Niger Delta. Information about the distribution and relative density of tortoises inside protected areas, is provided. An overview on the methods used as well as results and discussion about the research, is also given.

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses Conference of Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and its challenges and success. Topics discussed include the 17th Conference of Parties (CoP17) in Johannesburg, South Africa, the objectives of CITES which is to reduce the impact of international trade in driving wild species to extinction, and the decline of wild populations of rosewood and other precious tropical timber.

The article presents a research study which examines the trends of antelope population in Waza National Park in Cameroon. The study was conducted by observing waterhole counts where antelopes drink from early morning until late afternoon. Findings reveal that the decline of their population was not due to rainfall variations or floods, but to livestock intrusion and poaching.

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)