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Copyright of African Journal of Clinical & Experimental Microbiology is the property of African Journals Online (AJOL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Intestinal helminthic infections are among the commonest infections worldwide. It often affects the poorest communities and has similar geographic distribution with malnutrition. Intestinal helminthic infection contributes to undernutrition through subtle reduction in digestion and absorption of food, chronic inflammation and loss of nutrients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection and its relationship with nutritional status of primary school children in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 350 pupils selected through multistage random sampling technique from 24 primary schools in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria from July 2018 to January 2019. Demographic information including age, gender, height, and weight were collected from each participant with a designed collection form. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0, and presented as frequency distribution and mean ± SD. The Chisquare test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) was used to test for association between prevalence of helminthiasis and factors such as gender, age group and school type. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection was 23.7% (83/350). Eighty (96.4%) of the 83 infected pupils were in public schools while only 3 (3.6%) were in private schools (p<0.001). The prevalence of helminthiasis was significantly higher in underweight pupils (34%, OR=2.113, p=0.0065)) and significantly lower (5.4%, OR=0.1637, p=0.0037) in overweight pupils while the prevalence was not significantly associated with normal weight (p=0.5482) or obesity (p=1.000). Conclusions: Intestinal helminthic infection is a public health problem in children with adverse significant relationship with nutritional status. Provision of toilet facilities in schools and periodic de-worming of pupils aimed at reducing loss of nutrients from intestinal helminthiasis are recommended. Contexte: Les infections intestinales helminthiques sont parmi les infections les plus courantes dans le monde. Elle affecte souvent les communautés les plus pauvres et a une répartition géographique similaire à la malnutrition. L'infection helminthique intestinale contribue à la dénutrition par une réduction subtile de la digestion et de l'absorption des aliments, une inflammation chronique et une perte de nutriments. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection helminthique intestinale et sa relation avec l'état nutritionnel des enfants de l'école primaire à Gombe, dans l'État de Gombe, au Nigeria. Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de 350 élèves sélectionnés par une technique d'échantillonnage aléatoire à plusieurs étapes dans 24 écoles primaires de Gombe, dans l'État de Gombe, au Nigéria, de juillet 2018 à janvier 2019. Des informations démographiques, notamment l'âge, le sexe, la taille et le poids, ont été recueillies auprès de chaque participant avec un formulaire de collecte conçu. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS version 24.0, et présentées sous forme de distribution de fréquence et de moyenne ± ET. Le test du chi carré (avec rapport de cotes et intervalle de confiance à 95%) a été utilisé pour tester l'association entre la prévalence des helminthiases et des facteurs tels que le sexe, le groupe d'âge et le type d'école. Une valeur de p<0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative à un intervalle de confiance de 95%. Résultats: La prévalence des helminthiases intestinales était de 23,7% (83/350). Quatre-vingts (96,4%) des 83 élèves infectés étaient dans des écoles publiques alors que seulement 3 (3,6%) étaient dans des écoles privées (p<0,001). La prévalence des helminthiases était significativement plus élevée chez les élèves en insuffisance pondérale (34%, OR=2,113, p=0,0065)) et significativement plus faible (5,4%, OR=0,1637, p=0,0037) chez les élèves en surpoids, alors que la prévalence n'était pas significativement associée à un poids normal poids (p=0,5482) ou obésité (p=1,000). Conclusion: L'infection intestinale helminthique est un problème de santé publique chez l'enfant ayant une relation défavorable significative avec l'état nutritionnel. La mise à disposition de toilettes dans les écoles et le déparasitage périodique des élèves visant à réduire la perte de nutriments due aux helminthiases intestinales sont recommandés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pseudomonas species are responsible for different healthcare-associated infections and are inherently resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Hospital antibiograms are either absent or not regularly available in most healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The objective of this study is to present the antibiogram of Pseudomonas isolates in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG) in order to guide antibiotic prescription for better patient safety in the hospital. Methodology: The is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A total of 4309 bacterial isolates were recovered from aerobic cultures of routine clinical specimens including urine, sputum, blood, swabs, aspirates, biopsies, seminal fluids and cerebrospinal fluids at the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the hospital between January and December 2019. Pseudomonas species were identified by colony morphology, Gram-reaction and conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on each Pseudomonas isolate using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar and results interpreted according to the guideline of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSSTM) software version 23.0. Results: Of the total 4309 bacterial isolates, 436 (10.1%) Pseudomonas species were identified, with majority (49.8%) from urine specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility test results revealed average susceptibility rates of 73.8%, 70.1%, 66.2%, 59.5%, and 34.3% to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin ceftazidime, and carbenicillin respectively. These rates fluctuate only slightly for each of the antibiotic during the 12 months period of survey. Conclusion: Pseudomonas species were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin among the first line antibiotics in FTHG in 2019. Regular updates and presentation of hospital antibiogram especially for intrinsically resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas involved in healthcare associated infections, is an important tool in combating antimicrobial resistance and ensuring patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empirical use of antibiotics is a standard practice in the treatment of infections worldwide. However, its over utilization without subsequent culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing could be a major driver of resistance. Over reliance on empirical antibiotherapy is common in most developing countries where antibiotic policies and availability or utilization of clinical microbiology laboratory are suboptimal. A standardized approach to point prevalence survey (PPS) on antimicrobial use (AMU) in hospitals was employed to assess the antimicrobial prescribing practices in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), Nigeria. Methodology: A PPS was conducted in April 2019 at FTHG by recruiting all in-patients present in the hospital on the day of survey. Data obtained from patients' records included details of the type and indication for antibiotherapy. A customized online application developed by the University of Antwerp (www.global-pps.be) was used for data-entry, validation, analysis and reporting. Results: Of the total 326 patients who were on admission on the day of survey, 70.6% and 73.4% were on at least one antibiotic in adult and paediatric wards respectively. Most commonly used antibiotics include beta lactams such as cephalosporins (29.2%) and penicillins (22.8%), fluoroquinolones (12.4%), aminoglycosides (9.1%) and macrolides (3.4%). Among patients on antibiotics, route of administration was mainly parenteral (71.6%) while 44.8% were on more than one antibiotic. Overall, 91.3% of the antibiotic treatments were empirical with adults, children and neonates accounting for 96.4%, 77.6% and 100.0% respectively. Empirical antibiotic use is also high in medical wards (86.3%), surgical wards (89.9%) and intensive care unit (100.0%). Conclusion: There is predominance and over-reliance on empirical antibiotherapy in our hospital. It further exposes the poor utilization of clinical microbiology laboratory and the potential for development of antibiotic resistance with resultant increase in morbidity/mortality and poor patient safety. There is need for further studies to highlight the dangers of over-reliance on empirical antibiotherapy and herald improvement in development and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Clinical & Experimental Microbiology is the property of African Journals Online (AJOL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)