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Cocoa farms of Côte d'Ivoire, the world's largest cocoa producer, are getting older and must be regenerated for sustainable cocoa production. However, forest reserves formerly used for the expansion of plantations are finished. Available cultivable land parcels are fallows with poor soil and degraded cocoa farms. Unfortunately, most attempts of replanting on these poor lands fail. In order to provide producers with appropriate replanting techniques, two replanting techniques were compared on a 40 replanted plots, including 20 plots after more than 30 years-old cocoa farms with less than 700 trees ha-1 and 20 other plots after fallows of less than 10 years. These plots were installed between 2004 and 2006 in 10 cocoa producing areas. Replanting under the old cocoa trees is more effective. The effectiveness of this practice is related to the relatively better soil fertility and lower level of the weeds proliferation under the old cocoa trees as compared to the fallows. It is, however, necessary to reduce the shade of the old cocoa trees before 6 and 24 months after the establishment of the young cocoa trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]