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The energy security issues of countries along the “Belt and Road” become increasingly important due to the strategic nature of energy resources and prominent ecological damage. The paper analyzed the new development of energy security in the post COVID-19 era, and stated the new challenges in terms of the geopolitical risks, increasing energy market volatility, and energy security governance for the countries along the “Belt and Road”. Finally, the paper put forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the energy security level of the countries along the “Belt and Road”.