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Abstract In this manuscript, we deal with the nonlocal controllability results for the fractional evolution system of 1 < r < 2 $1< r

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the existence, uniqueness, and Ulam–Hyers stability of positive solutions for fractional integro-differential boundary values problem. Uniqueness result is obtained by using the Banach principle. For obtaining two positive solutions, we apply another fixed point criterion due to Avery–Anderson–Henderson on cones by establishing some inequalities. An illustrative example is presented to indicate the validity of the obtained results. The results are new and provide a generalization to some known results in the literature.

Abstract We develop a fully discrete finite volume element scheme of the two-dimensional space-fractional convection–diffusion equation using the finite volume element method to discretize the space-fractional derivative and Crank–Nicholson scheme for time discretization. We also analyze and prove the stability and convergence of the given scheme. Finally, we validate our theoretical analysis by data from three examples.

Abstract The current paper is about the investigation of a new integral transform introduced recently by Jafari. Specifically, we explore the applicability of this integral transform on Atangana–Baleanu derivative and the associated fractional integral. It is shown that by applying specific conditions on this integral transform, other integral transforms are deduced. We provide examples to reinforce the applicability of this new integral transform.

Abstract This paper aims to investigate the class of fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations by devising suitable novel hyperbolic and exponential ansatze. The class under consideration is endowed with a time-fractional order derivative defined in the conformable fractional derivative sense. We realize various solitons and solutions of these equations. The fractional behavior of the solutions is studied comprehensively by using 2D and 3D graphs. The results demonstrate that the methods mentioned here are more effective in solving problems in mathematical physics and other branches of science.

Abstract We present a new mathematical model for the transmission of Zika virus between humans as well as between humans and mosquitoes. In this way, we use the fractional-order Caputo derivative. The region of the feasibility of system and equilibrium points are calculated, and the stability of equilibrium point is investigated. We prove the existence of a unique solution for the model by using the fixed point theory. By using the fractional Euler method, we get an approximate solution to the model. Numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of fractional derivative on the behavior of functions and also to compare the integer-order derivative and fractional-order derivative results.

Abstract This paper’s goal is to delve into the fractional modeling and bifurcation control for a predator-prey model with prey dispersal and gestation delay. First, the bifurcation criteria for the uncontrolled system are obtained by viewing gestation delay as a bifurcation parameter. It is revealed that gestation delay can induce periodic oscillations. Then, an extended feedback controller is deeply conceived to suppress Hopf bifurcation for the underlying system. The results reflect that the stability behaviors of the uncontrolled system are saliently enhanced by adjusting feedback gain and feedback delay if other coefficients are fixed. To protrude the correctness and excellent feature of our works, two simulation examples are eventually carried out.

Abstract In this article, we suggest a new notion of fractional derivative involving two singular kernels. Some properties related to this new operator are established and some examples are provided. We also present some applications to fractional differential equations and propose a numerical algorithm based on a Picard iteration for approximating the solutions. Finally, an application to a heat conduction problem is given.

Abstract The key objective of this paper is to study and discuss the application of fractional calculus on an arbitrary-order inventory control problem. Using the concepts of fractional calculus followed by fractional derivative, we construct different possible models like generalized fractional-order economic production quantity (EPQ) model with the uniform demand and production rate and generalized fractional-order EPQ model with the uniform demand and production rate and deterioration. Also, we show that the classical EPQ model is the particular case of the corresponding generalized fractional EPQ model. This greatly facilitates the researcher a novel tactic to analyse the solution of the EPQ model in the presence of fractional index. Furthermore, this attempt also provides the solution obtained through the optimization techniques after using the real distinct poles rational approximation of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function.

In this manuscript, we deal with the nonlocal controllability results for the fractional evolution system of 1 < r < 2 in a Banach space. The main results of this article are tested by using fractional calculations, the measure of noncompactness, cosine families, Mainardi's Wright-type function, and fixed point techniques. First, we investigate the controllability results of a mild solution for the fractional evolution system with nonlocal conditions using the Mönch fixed point theorem. Furthermore, we develop the nonlocal controllability results for fractional integrodifferential evolution system by applying the Banach fixed point theorem. Finally, an application is presented for drawing the theory of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the existence, uniqueness, and Ulam–Hyers stability of positive solutions for fractional integro-differential boundary values problem. Uniqueness result is obtained by using the Banach principle. For obtaining two positive solutions, we apply another fixed point criterion due to Avery–Anderson–Henderson on cones by establishing some inequalities. An illustrative example is presented to indicate the validity of the obtained results. The results are new and provide a generalization to some known results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper is about the investigation of a new integral transform introduced recently by Jafari. Specifically, we explore the applicability of this integral transform on Atangana–Baleanu derivative and the associated fractional integral. It is shown that by applying specific conditions on this integral transform, other integral transforms are deduced. We provide examples to reinforce the applicability of this new integral transform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a fully discrete finite volume element scheme of the two-dimensional space-fractional convection–diffusion equation using the finite volume element method to discretize the space-fractional derivative and Crank–Nicholson scheme for time discretization. We also analyze and prove the stability and convergence of the given scheme. Finally, we validate our theoretical analysis by data from three examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we study an inverse source problem for the Rayleigh–Stokes problem for a generalized second-grade fluid with a fractional derivative model. The problem is severely ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. To regularize the unstable solution, we apply the Tikhonov method regularization solution and obtain an a priori error estimate between the exact solution and regularized solutions. We also propose methods for both a priori and a posteriori parameter choice rules. In addition, we verify the proposed regularized methods by numerical experiments to estimate the errors between the regularized and exact solutions.

Abstract This paper outlines further properties concerning the fractional derivative of the Riemann ζ function. The functional equation, computed by the introduction of the Grünwald–Letnikov fractional derivative, is rewritten in a simplified form that reduces the computational cost. Additionally, a quasisymmetric form of the aforementioned functional equation is derived (symmetric up to one complex multiplicative constant). The second part of the paper examines the link with the distribution of prime numbers. The Dirichlet η function suggests the introduction of a complex strip as a fractional counterpart of the critical strip. Analytic properties are shown, particularly that a Dirichlet series can be linked with this strip and expressed as a sum of the fractional derivatives of ζ. Finally, Theorem 4.3 links the fractional derivative of ζ with the distribution of prime numbers in the left half-plane.

Abstract Some similarity solutions of the time-fractional stationary transonic plane-parallel gas flows (STPPGF) and their generalized space-fractional nonlinear system are obtained by using scalar similarity transformations, including traveling-wave similarity solutions. Two approximated solution formulas of the obtained ordinary fractional differential equations for the generalized space-fractional nonlinear system are generated as well. Finally, a class of approximated solutions of the time-fractional nonlinear system of STPPGF with initial-boundary-value conditions are produced by applying the separated variable method.

Abstract In this article, we propose a novel fractional generalization of the three-dimensional differential transform method, namely the ternary-fractional differential transform method, that extends its applicability to encompass initial value problems in the fractal 3D space. Several illustrative applications, including the Schrödinger, wave, Klein–Gordon, telegraph, and Burgers’ models that are fully embedded in the fractal 3D space, are considered to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method compared with other generalized methods in the literature. The obtained solution is expressed in a form of an α̅-fractional power series, with easily computed coefficients, that converges rapidly to its closed-form solution. Moreover, the projection of the solutions into the integer 3D space corresponds with the solutions of the classical copies for these models. This reveals that the suggested technique is effective and accurate for handling many other linear and nonlinear models in the fractal 3D space. Thus, research on this trend is worth tracking.

Abstract In this paper, we define a characteristic equation of fractional-order linear system with time delay described by the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative. At the same time, by applying the Laplace transform and matrix theory we give a necessary and sufficient stability condition and some brief sufficient stability conditions. The proposed method is quite different from the other in the literature. In addition, we provide some examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.

Abstract The solutions of system of linear fractional differential equations of incommensurate orders are considered and analytic expressions for the solutions are given by using the Laplace transform and multi-variable Mittag–Leffler functions of matrix arguments. We verify the result with numeric solutions of an example. The results show that the Mittag–Leffler functions are important tools for analysis of a fractional system. The analytic solutions obtained are easy to program and are approximated by symbolic computation software such as MATHEMATICA.

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new method called the inverse fractional natural transform method (IFNTM). We present theoretical results and apply them to obtain approximate solutions of linear fractional ordinary differential equations (LFODEs) and partial differential equations (LFPDEs). The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The algorithm described in this study is expected to be further employed to solve similar linear problems in fractional calculus.

This paper aims to investigate the class of fifth-order Korteweg–de Vries equations by devising suitable novel hyperbolic and exponential ansatze. The class under consideration is endowed with a time-fractional order derivative defined in the conformable fractional derivative sense. We realize various solitons and solutions of these equations. The fractional behavior of the solutions is studied comprehensively by using 2D and 3D graphs. The results demonstrate that the methods mentioned here are more effective in solving problems in mathematical physics and other branches of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new mathematical model for the transmission of Zika virus between humans as well as between humans and mosquitoes. In this way, we use the fractional-order Caputo derivative. The region of the feasibility of system and equilibrium points are calculated, and the stability of equilibrium point is investigated. We prove the existence of a unique solution for the model by using the fixed point theory. By using the fractional Euler method, we get an approximate solution to the model. Numerical results are presented to investigate the effect of fractional derivative on the behavior of functions and also to compare the integer-order derivative and fractional-order derivative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's goal is to delve into the fractional modeling and bifurcation control for a predator-prey model with prey dispersal and gestation delay. First, the bifurcation criteria for the uncontrolled system are obtained by viewing gestation delay as a bifurcation parameter. It is revealed that gestation delay can induce periodic oscillations. Then, an extended feedback controller is deeply conceived to suppress Hopf bifurcation for the underlying system. The results reflect that the stability behaviors of the uncontrolled system are saliently enhanced by adjusting feedback gain and feedback delay if other coefficients are fixed. To protrude the correctness and excellent feature of our works, two simulation examples are eventually carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we suggest a new notion of fractional derivative involving two singular kernels. Some properties related to this new operator are established and some examples are provided. We also present some applications to fractional differential equations and propose a numerical algorithm based on a Picard iteration for approximating the solutions. Finally, an application to a heat conduction problem is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key objective of this paper is to study and discuss the application of fractional calculus on an arbitrary-order inventory control problem. Using the concepts of fractional calculus followed by fractional derivative, we construct different possible models like generalized fractional-order economic production quantity (EPQ) model with the uniform demand and production rate and generalized fractional-order EPQ model with the uniform demand and production rate and deterioration. Also, we show that the classical EPQ model is the particular case of the corresponding generalized fractional EPQ model. This greatly facilitates the researcher a novel tactic to analyse the solution of the EPQ model in the presence of fractional index. Furthermore, this attempt also provides the solution obtained through the optimization techniques after using the real distinct poles rational approximation of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fuzzy fractional differential equations (FFDEs) driven by Liu’s process are a type of fractional differential equations. In this paper, we intend to provide and prove a novel existence and uniqueness theorem for the solutions of FFDEs under local Lipschitz and linear growth conditions. We also investigate the stability of solutions to FFDEs by a theorem. Finally, some examples are provided.

Abstract This article is concerned to the investigation of extremal solutions for a system of fractional order differential equations with coupled integral boundary value problem. In initial stage, we establish a comparison result and then using the iterative technique of monotone type together with the procedure of extremal solutions, we develop sufficient conditions to obtain the solutions for the considered fractional differential system. Moreover, the investigated results are also justified by providing suitable examples.

Abstract In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions for a boundary value problem involving both left Riemann-Liouville and right Caputo-type fractional derivatives. For this, we convert the posed problem to a sum of two integral operators, then we apply Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem to conclude the existence of nontrivial solutions.

Abstract In this paper, we study the HIV infection model based on fractional derivative with particular focus on the degree of T-cell depletion that can be caused by viral cytopathicity. The arbitrary order of the fractional derivatives gives an additional degree of freedom to fit more realistic levels of CD4+ cell depletion seen in many AIDS patients. We propose an implicit numerical scheme for the fractional-order HIV model using a finite difference approximation of the Caputo derivative. The fractional system has two equilibrium points, namely the uninfected equilibrium point and the infected equilibrium point. We investigate the stability of both equilibrium points. Further we examine the dynamical behavior of the system by finding a bifurcation point based on the viral death rate and the number of new virions produced by infected CD4+ T-cells to investigate the influence of the fractional derivative on the HIV dynamics. Finally numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results.

This article is concerned to the investigation of extremal solutions for a system of fractional order differential equations with coupled integral boundary value problem. In initial stage, we establish a comparison result and then using the iterative technique of monotone type together with the procedure of extremal solutions, we develop sufficient conditions to obtain the solutions for the considered fractional differential system. Moreover, the investigated results are also justified by providing suitable examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy fractional differential equations (FFDEs) driven by Liu's process are a type of fractional differential equations. In this paper, we intend to provide and prove a novel existence and uniqueness theorem for the solutions of FFDEs under local Lipschitz and linear growth conditions. We also investigate the stability of solutions to FFDEs by a theorem. Finally, some examples are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions for a boundary value problem involving both left Riemann-Liouville and right Caputo-type fractional derivatives. For this, we convert the posed problem to a sum of two integral operators, then we apply Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem to conclude the existence of nontrivial solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the HIV infection model based on fractional derivative with particular focus on the degree of T-cell depletion that can be caused by viral cytopathicity. The arbitrary order of the fractional derivatives gives an additional degree of freedom to fit more realistic levels of CD4 cell depletion seen in many AIDS patients. We propose an implicit numerical scheme for the fractional-order HIV model using a finite difference approximation of the Caputo derivative. The fractional system has two equilibrium points, namely the uninfected equilibrium point and the infected equilibrium point. We investigate the stability of both equilibrium points. Further we examine the dynamical behavior of the system by finding a bifurcation point based on the viral death rate and the number of new virions produced by infected CD4 T-cells to investigate the influence of the fractional derivative on the HIV dynamics. Finally numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate nonexistence results of nontrivial solutions of fractional differential inequalities of the form where $\mathbf{D}^{q}_{0/t}$ is the time-fractional derivative of order $q \in(1,2)$ in the sense of Caputo, $\Delta_{\mathbb{H}}$ is the Laplacian in the $(2N+1)$ -dimensional Heisenberg group ${\mathbb {H}}^{N}$ , ${|\eta|}$ is the distance from η in ${\mathbb {H}}^{N}$ to the origin, $m\geq2$ , $\alpha_{m+1}=\alpha_{1}$ , $\beta _{m+1}=\beta_{1}$ , and $\lambda_{i}\in L^{\infty}({\mathbb{H}}^{N} \times\, ]0,+\infty [ )$ , $1 \leq i \leq m$ . The main results are concerned with $Q \equiv2N + 2$ , less than the critical exponents that depend on q, $\alpha_{i}$ , and $\beta_{i}$ , $1 \leq i \leq m$ . For $q=2$ , we deduce the results given by El Hamidi and Kirane (Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2004(2):155-164, 2004) and El Hamidi and Obeid (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 208(1):77-90, 2003) from the hyperbolic systems. For $m=1$ , we study the scalar case where $\beta>1$ , α are real parameters. In the last case, for $q=2$ , we return to the approach of Pohozaev and Véron (Manuscr. Math. 102:85-99, 2000) from the hyperbolic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we study and extend the one-dimensional fractional derivative to the multidimensional space-time fractional derivative, determine the exact solution via the Laplace transform, and develop mathematical foundations of the respective operators. The multidimensional space-time fractional derivative is developed to augment the equations. The results show that this method is effective, convenient, and easily executable. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it is an accurate analytical method (the Laplace transform method) that can be implemented for both space and time discretizations of the fractional derivatives and allows us to present new solutions to problems by certain applications for solving space-time fractional derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new way of constructing a fractional-based convolution mask with an application to image edge analysis. The mask was constructed based on the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative which is a special form of the Srivastava-Owa operator. This operator is generally known to be robust in solving a range of differential equations due to its inherent property of memory effect. However, its application in constructing a convolution mask can be devastating if not carefully constructed. In this paper, we show another effective way of constructing a fractional-based convolution mask that is able to find edges in detail quite significantly. The resulting mask can trap both local discontinuities in intensity and its derivatives as well as locating Dirac edges. The experiments conducted on the mask were done using some selected well known synthetic and Medical images with realistic geometry. Using visual perception and performing both mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratios analysis, the method demonstrated significant advantages over other known methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for boundary value problems of Hadamard-type fractional functional differential equations and inclusions involving both retarded and advanced arguments. We make use of the standard tools of fixed point theory to obtain the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ebola is a world health problem and with a recent outbreak. There exist different models in the literature to predict its behavior, most of them based on data coming from previous outbreaks or using restricted number of persons in the population variable. This paper deals both with classical and fractional order SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infections, removed) Ebola epidemic model and its comparison with real data extracted from the reports periodically published by the World Health Organization (WHO), starting from March 27th, 2014. As it has been shown in the literature, one physical meaning of the fractional order in fractional derivatives is that of index of memory; and therefore, it seems to be useful for epidemic models, as in this paper. The number of confirmed cases by the WHO in its reports is used for our analysis and estimation of the parameters in our classical and fractional SEIR models. Our approach gives a good approximation to real data. Following our results, the current outbreak will continue for approximately two years, assuming that no new outbreak appears at a different community or country. Our estimates give a number of the order nine million confirmed cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]