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The chemical composition of urinary crystallites of less than 1000 nm from 10 calcium phosphate (CaP) stone-formers were investigated and compared with that from healthy subjects using X-ray power diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nanoparticle size analyzer. Although there were some calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in CaP stones, the main components of crystallites in urine of CaP stone formers were uric acid (UA), CaP and COM, while that in healthy urine was mainly UA and a small amount of COM. That is, the CaP content in urinary crystallites of CaP stone-formers was significantly higher than that of controls. The particle size range of crystallites in lithogenic urine was 3~1000 nm and most of these crystallites were aggregated, but it was 30~500 nm in healthy subjects.

Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) nanoparticles with an average size of about 200 nm was prepared by complex precipitation method using potassium oxalate (K2Oxa) and CaCl2 as raw materials, NTA as complexing agent. The effects of initial reactant concentrations, pH in reaction system and dispersion media on morphology and size of the nanoparticles were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR), zetasizer Nano-ZS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the prepared sample was COD and its morphology was nearly all elliptical.