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In order to investigate deformation and failure of reinforced concrete beams subjected to combined actions of explosion and post-explosion fire, A three-dimensional numerical approach was developed with finite element software ABAQUS. And the numerical approach consists of three steps: quasi-static analysis, explicit dynamic analysis and sequentially coupled thermal stress analysis. The rate-sensitivity and temperature property of material were included in the constitutive model, Fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams subjected to explosion and post-explosion fire was investigated by the method quantificationally. It is demonstrated that fire resistance of reinforced concrete beams is reduced by the action of explosion.

fire resistance model of reinforced concrete column was built by ABAQUS, and the model was validated with experiment. Temperature field and fire resistance of reinforced concrete column exposed to fire with heating and cooling phase was analyzed. The results show that Temperature field of reinforced concrete column would elevate when the environment temperature descended, and deformation and internal forces became more severity.

To investigate the influence of Schisandrae Chinensis Extract on hepatic injury of rats with microwave. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group, microwave radiation group and schisandrae chinensis extract prevention group). Then the rats of schisandrae chinensis extract prevention group were supplyed individually with schisandrae chinensis extract for 5 days before the microwave radiation. After that, the morphology of the livers was observed using HE staining, and the expressions of t-JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 were analyzed by western-blotting in the rats. The histological results showed the pathological injury in the liver tissue was improved in all schisandrae chinensis extract prevention groups, and a significant increase of p-JNK1/2 was observed in liver cells after treatment with 200mW/cm2 microwave for 24 h. It also show that pretreated with schisandrae chinensis extract could inhibit the phosphorylation of JNK1/2. These results suggested that schisandrae chinensis extract could obviously lessened the hepatic injury induced by microwave.

Pseudo-random code fuze has strong anti-interference ability. The paper studies about the jamming effectiveness of noise amplitude modulation operating on pseudo-random code fuze. Firstly the operating principle of pseudo-random code fuze is introduced. Then we analysis the characteristic of the noise amplitude modulation signal, following that is the study on the pseudo-random code fuze responses at all levels under noise amplitude modulation signal jamming. Studies have shown that the value of pseudo-random code fuze correlator output will decrease linearly as noise power increases when the power of noise amplitude modulation is low, but tends to be constant when the power of noise amplitude modulation arrives at a certain level. So under noise amplitude modulation jamming, higher jamming power doesnt show the best performance, but there is an optimal value of jamming power.

Acicular ferrite (AF) can significantly improve the performance of steels and can be promoted through special inclusions. The present experimental steel was a low carbon Ti-Zr deoxidized and microalloyed steel. The welding heat affected zone (HAZ) simulation indicated that under high heat input (100 kJ/cm) and peak temperature (1400°C) conditions, the HAZ exhibited high impact toughness (150 J, -20°C) and desired microstructure. Isothermal heat treatment data suggested that grain boundary ferrite formed at ~600°C and AF formed at ~500°C. Intragranular plates sheaves formed at ~450°C. MnS coherent precipitation on ZrO2TiOx inclusions promoted AF nucleation.

The scandium concentrate used in the leaching experiment was obtained from the rare earth ore containing scandium in Yunnan Province, the sample used in experiment is leaching liquid containing scandium which the content of scandium is 3.6g/t, with complex impurity composition. The main influencing factors of extraction in hydrochloric acid solution were acidity, mixing time, phase ratio etc. and the condition experiments about these factors were conducted. The results show that extraction of scandium from the hydrochloric acid solution in TBP is feasible. The optimal conditions are that pH of the solution is 1.26, dosage of TBP is 5% of the solution, dosage of kerosene is 10% of TBP, mixing time is 3 min, phase ratio is 1:10, washing time is 2, the oscillating time of stripping is 1~2 min and the stripping rate reach 99.89%.

The coulpling method of microwave irradiation and Fenton-like reaction with magnetic nanomaterials of CuFe2O4 as the catalyst was used for degradation of Rhodamine B wastewater. Factors affecting the degradation rate of Rhodamine B such as H2O2 dosage, CuFe2O4 dosage, Rhodamine B initial concentration, reaction temperature and so on were investigated systematically. The experimental results showed that the microwave-assisted Fenton-like process using H2O2/CuFe2O4 was the most effective treatment process compared with other methods. Unlike the conventional Fenton reactions, which are catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts/promoters, the nanopowder CuFe2O4 catalyst is easily collected by an external magnetic field and remains efficient in reuse. The results showed that under the given conditions (80°C, pH = 4, Rhodamine B initial concentration = 100mg/L, CuFe2O4 dose = 0.375g/L, H2O2 dose = 2.5mL/L, Reaction time = 2min), the removal rate of Rhodamine B could reach nearly 100%. Moreover, the COD determination results showed that under above conditions, the COD value could reach zero.

Preliminary exploration on simulation data mining with BP network and rough set method is made in the paper. Data mining method based on rough set theory and BP neural network is put up. Firstly, we reduce the redundant attributes in the decision-making table with rough set method, and then the noise is filtered by BP neural network. Finally, rule set is generated by rough set from the reduction decision table. This method not only avoids the complexity of the rules extracted from training the neural network, but also improves the classification accuracy effectively. At last, the mining data by the experimental data of the troops marching warfare simulation system and the result with the actual reference value is obtained.

Zirconia ceramic widely applied in the fields of electronics, instrumentations and mechanical manufacture for its good physical and chemical properties. The ultraprecision lapping technology for the Zirconia ceramic is studied in this paper, and the influence of the different lapping parameters such as slurry, load and lapping velocity on the surface roughness of Zirconia ceramic is discussed. The evolution of surface construction is observed with the microscope to analysis the material removal mechanism. An extremely smooth surface with roughness 6.55nm Ra is obtained in the ultraprecision process. It is also found that the gap in the material will limit improvement of surface roughness and a better surface roughness of 4.72nm Ra was observed when using more compactly material lapped by same method.

We study the preparation of thin film on the glass substrate with the method of dip coating, which is based on methanol and MTMS as raw materials, making them form silica aerogel by sol-gel method. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) show that such a film possesses a porous three-dimensional network structure. The high porosity and low refractive index determine that the transmittance rate can reach 90%. The prepared film also exhibited apparent hydrophobic effect, with the contact angle of 156.3°and rolling angle of less than 10°. The transparency and superhydrophobic of the film make it suitable as multifunctional coatings for many application fields including solar cells, cellphones and a variety of electron device.

Based on the benefication of the complex silicate ore containing scandium, the research about aid-leaching agent used in the leaching of the scandium concentrate was been conducted. And the suitable leaching agent and aid-leaching agent which the useful ions entered into leaching liquid and the harmful ions were kept in leaching residue were been found according to the experiment results. For the scandium of sample existed various complex silicate ore as isomorphism form, the research has adopted hydrochloric acid with aid-leaching agent to dissociate the silicate ore and make scandium entering into solution. The research results has shown that the scandium leaching rate could reach 92.06% under the optimal conditions which the hydrochloric acid concentration is 22.8%, the dosage of aid leaching agent is 6%, liquid solid ratio is 4:1, particle size of leaching material totally is less than 0.15mm and leaching time is 8h.

Based on leaching experiments of complex silicate ore contenting scandium, the research has adopted extraction to concentrate scandium and separate impurity. The emphasis of this reaserch is the impact factors, so the experiments including extractant concentration, organic aqueous ratio, mixing time, organic phase washing, organic phase reextraction, have been conducted. The optimal conditions are that the concentration of extraction is 25%, the O/A is 1:10, the mixing time is 3min, the washing time is 3, the O/A of reextraction is 1:2.3, and the extraction rate of exceeding 98% and reextracion rate of 99.01% were obtained when adopting P501 as the extraction agent.

Highway construction consumes a large amount of non-renewable resources, while the sustainable development concept enhances the traditional highway construction ideas, fully optimizes the whole construction technology and construction process, and realizes high degree of harmony of highway construction, natural environment and social environment. Highway construction includes planning, design, construction, operation phases, etc. Only adherence to the sustainable development concept can ensure the sustainable development of the whole system of highway construction.

This topic used the method of demulsification-Fenton oxidation to deal with the waste emulsion, and analyzed the influencing factors of COD removal efficiency . Experimental results show that when the dosage of demulsifier is 10g/L ,optimum aeration for 1h , dosage of Fe2+ is 500mg/L, the dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 50ml/L, After Fenton reagent has oxided for 1.5 h, the COD removal rate can up to 93.4%.

A cellular automata model with inhomogeneity and mobility was presented. The inhomogeneity in individuals’ behaviors was considered by assigning the distance on their neighbors, varying levels of infectivity and susceptibility. The individual mobility was reflected by random walk cellular automata. The proposed model can serve as a basis to simulate influenza A (H1N1) based on real data. We studied the effect of two population movement parameters on the epidemic propagation: the percentage and the max-distance of population movement. The results show that the epidemic spreading is more sensitive to the former. The infected individuals are positive growth while the percentage of population movement increases. And the number of infected individual eventually stabilizes in the case of plotting the relation of the max-distance against the infected.

Taking three residential areas of different income levels in Kaifeng City, Henan Province in 2009 as a case, this study analyzed the ecological footprint of Kaifeng city using the theory and methods of ecological footprint and questionnaire survey. According to the questionnaire survey of three residential areas of Banqiao, Kangping and Longcheng xiangxieli garden, the ecological footprint of consumption of biological resources and energy consumption are calculated in these areas. The conclusions are made that the higher the income consumption level of residents, the greater the ecological footprint, and lower income residents consumption level, the smaller ecological footprint.

To realize machine tool modular customization and configuration, the driving and mapping model of customer requirement is established in the environment of various customer requirement and mass individualized customization, which can transform processing of parts driven by customer requirement into function configuration FC, structure configuration SC and appearance configuration AC (3C) of module features. Besides, to solve the question of module manufacturability, by module compatibility analysis on dynamic, kinematic and aesthetic (MC3), a multi-dimensional configuration method for manufacturable of modular machine tool based on MC33C is proposed in this paper. Finally, A case study is given to prove effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method, and the result shows that the various and individualized requirements are meet and design efficiency is improved.

In the ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding and EDM, grinding and pulse discharge machining are favorable conditions for each other, can significantly improve the processing efficiency by adjusting the processing parameters, and get high-quality machined surface. The grinding force is an important parameter in characterizing the grinding process, which is the g the main object of study in grinding process. The interaction of ultrasonic vibration, grinding and EDM is investigated. From the view of material removal volume, the volume of removal by EMD is calculated. Then the volume by grinding is gotten. The grinding force model of combined machining is established. The influence machining parameters on grinding force is studied, which is helpful for the detection and control of grinding force.

For the purpose of effective damage localization, combined with natural excitation technique (NExT) and wavelet packet (WP) decomposition method, a new algorithm named NExT based wavelet packet energy (WPE) damage detection algorithm was proposed for continuous beam. Finite measuring points of bridge structure response are set firstly, and then classified as reference points and response points. Calculated with each corresponding two-point, the virtual impulse response signals are taken as input data of WP decomposition method. Finally, structural damage detection is carried out by using WPE as damage index. Through a three-span continuous beam finite element model, this algorithm was discussed with respect to the applicability and effectiveness of damage detection. The analysis results reveal that, with certain robustness to noise, the proposed algorithm has favorable effect on damage interval localization. Therefore, the algorithm put forward is practical to detect damage of continuous beam.

The main research results of operation monitoring hardware system design of Hanjiatuo Yangtze River Bridge are introduced. Firstly, the content and method of the system are illustrated, and then, overall composition and functions are introduced. The system consists of four subsystems, including sensor system, real time monitoring system, electric power system and grounding system, which are described in detail, and the importance of the last two systems are emphasized.

The new type of solid superacid S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 was prepared by precipitation and hydrothermal aging method with ammonium persufate as soaker instead of sulphuric acid. The samples with different tin oxide content were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET, TG/DTA and Hammett indicators techniques. Catalytic activities for esterification of butanol and acetic acid were also investigated. As a result, most sulfate-ion in surface of S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 coordinate with Sn bidentatly, and the acidic strength of S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 is related to the content of tin oxide. Besides, introducing appropriate Si can improve the combination of the tin with SO42- thus increases the amount of acid. Catalyst S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2 reveals high catalytic activity and stability in the esterification at very large range of composition.

A new rare earth solid superacids catalyst SO42-/TiO2-SnO2-Dy2O3 was prepared by coprecipitation-impregnating method, and the optimum preparation conditions were obtained. The physic- chemical properties of the catalyst was characterized by FTIR, TG-DTA, XRD and BET. The results showed the prepared catalyst is superacid with good thermal stability and high specific surface area. The sulfuric groups were proved to be chelated and bridgingly connected on the surface of the catalyst.

This paper presents a new approach to build prototypes of Wireless Sensor Network rapidly based on virtual instruments technology. There are two different methods introduced in this paper. One of the two methods uses WSN (short for Wireless Sensor Network) Node and WSN Gateway manufactured by NI (short for National Instruments). The other method adopts Compact RIO (short for Reconfigurable Input and Output) and GPRS (short for General Packet Radio Service) module. Though they are two different methods, they have the same structure. Both of the two methods adopt DAQ (short for data acquisition) card and sensors to acquire specified data. The DAQ card and sensors compose a node which can sense and process data. Different nodes form a local area WSN. Nodes within a local area WSN communicate with each other via ZigBee or other means of communication. The local area WSN can access the Internet via a WSN Gateway or GPRS module. Modular hardware and graphic programming language LabVIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench) are adopted in this proposed approach.

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the prediction of expressway traffic flow, this paper, based on the characteristics of the data of the expressway traffic flow, focuses on an optimized method of prediction with the application of the neural network with genetic algorithm. Applying genetic algorithm, optimizing BP neural network structure and establishing a new mixed model, this algorithm speed up the slow convergence velocity of traditional BP neural network prediction and increases the possibility to escape local minima. This algorithm based on the optimized genetic neural network predicts the actual data of the expressway traffic flow, the result of which shows that the application of the optimized method of prediction with the genetic neural network algorithm is effective and that it improves the rate and the accuracy of the prediction of the expressway traffic flow.

The previous discussion about type-2 fuzzy reasoning mechanisms just paid attentions to Mamdani models based on Mamdani implication operator. There is no doubt that the operator is justifiable, since such an operator possesses characteristic clipping effect, i.e. limiting the consequence membership function with the truth value of the antecedent. However, Mamdani implication operator does not uphold classical logic, i.e. it is in no agreement with the classic binary interpretation of implication. All of the Kleene-Dienes operator, Lukasiewicz operator, Zadeh operator and Reichenbach operator, which derive from equivalencies of the classic binary implication, have in common the feature of generalizing classic logic. This paper investigates type-2 fuzzy reasoning models and algorithms based on these four implication operators, respectively. In the view upholding classical logic, proposed models and algorithms seem to be more natural than of the Mamdani type.

Intelligent health monitoring system of the long-span railway cable-stayed bridge requires the comprehensive knowledge of instrumentation, analytical and information processing technologies with the knowledge and experiences in design, construction, operation and maintenance of railway cable-stayed bridge for long-term monitoring the performance throughout its lifecycle. It is necessary to perform sensor-based structural monitoring for identifying the bridge conditions in order to assure the structural safety and to evaluate the operational performance. The considerations for deploying a proper monitoring system are appropriate sensor instrumentation, robust signal acquisition, reliable signal processing, and intelligent signal and information processing. The experience on developing an autonomous monitoring system in the one certain railway cable-stayed bridge newly constructed is introduced in this paper. Sensor and hardware instrumentation, signal transmission, signal acquisition and analysis are schematically described mainly. Experience through this work will be worthwhile lessons for other similar efforts.

The research of using wireless sensor network to settle the problem of urban traffic has become a hotspot in the fields of intelligent transportation system. In this paper, a wireless sensor network model based on mobile agents is proposed. Since mobile agents have characteristics of autonomous collaboration and asynchronous interaction, this model owns the abilities of adapting to the dynamic network changes, reducing the network load and enhancing the data fusion. In the application of the model, the travelers can be guided to choose the right road line through calculation of the predicated value of traffic congestion, so the condition of the traffic congestion can be remitted in some way.

A theoretical study is presented herein on the penetration of the laminated composite aluminum alloy foam target struck normally by conical-nosed projectiles. Two layers were arranged according to the density of the respective foam; configuration 1 consisted of 10mm/semi-infinite continuous foams and configuration 2 consisted of 20mm/ semi-infinite continuous foams. The dynamic cavity expansion theory is applied to formulate analytical model. The penetrating process can be divided into 6 stages. The resistance equations during every stage are derived. Penetrating depth of projectile are analyzed. The effect of initial velocity, mass density of foam material and the thickness of the upper layered foam on the penetration resistance are investigated. It is found that composite target have a higher penetrating resistance than the monolithic foam material target of equal mass. The analytical results show that configuration 1 outperformed configuration 2 in regards to their penetrating resistance. The thickness of the upper layered foam within 5-20mm has significant influence on penetrating depth. The energy absorption capacity of the composite target material is evaluated.