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To predict accurately the stress and deformation of combustion chamber components of large slow speed two stroke marine diesel engines, based on AVL Fire and ANSYS Workbench software, multi-field coupling modeling and analysis technology was employed to carry out the strength analysis for combustion chamber components of crosshead type marine diesel engine. The boundary conditions, i.e., the temperature field distribution, the mean temperature and the mean heat transfer coefficient are obtained firstly. Then the strength analysis for cylinder liner of crosshead type marine diesel engine under the thermal loads, mechanical loads and thermal mechanical coupled loads was conducted. The results show that the strength meets the design requirement and the stress concentration and the deformation of the cylinder liner were mainly dependent on the thermal load.

To predict accurately the fuel consumption rate of a diesel engine, based on polynomial fitting curve method, combined with the test data of XCW6200ZC medium speed marine diesel engine used for inland ships, a diesel engine fuel consumption model about characteristic coefficient and speed under the propulsion characteristic was established. The marine diesel engine fuel consumption were calculated and predicted through this model. The results showed that the model can predict the fuel consumption of diesel engine well.

sp2 rich carbon films were produced by using magnetron sputtering deposition. The hardness, friction coefficient and wear volume were elevated by Knoop micro-hardness and pin-on-disk tester; The composition and microstructure of the carbon films have been characterized in detail by combining the techniques of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrum (RBS), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrum (XPS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); the electrical resistivity was measured by Four Probe Methods (FPM). It is found that: the films hardness are 11~17GPa (HK0.05), the friction coefficients are 0.1-0.2, the wear rate is 10-15m3/Nm; The maximum intensity position in the C1s indicates the chemical bonds are mainly sp2; the electrical resistivity is 1~2×10-4Ω·m. XRD proves these carbon films are amorphous.

This paper, taking the involute spur gear as a research object and using the LISP module embedded in AutoCAD, studies how to realize the drawing of two-dimensional graphics of the involute tooth profile and keyway of spur gear effectively and efficiently. The study, using the commands, such as stretch and Boolean operation of AutoCAD after programming, has realized the parametric modeling. By using this method, one can model them quickly, and lay the foundation of the assemble and analysis for the next step.

Through practical application case, the functions for achieving remote network data synchronization transmission based on configuration software are introduced, and network application layer protocols which are applicable to general industrial Ethernet process control are designed. After running and commissioning, all functions can be achieved successfully, and real-time and fault tolerance of application-layer protocols can be guaranteed.

In recent years, floods and earthquakes occur frequently and cause great threats and harm to personal safety. On the basis of my patent named anti-seismic bed, which patent id is 200920287683.8, the flood control and anti-seismic bed is proposed. The anti-seismic bed doesn’t need external power supply and storage battery. When an earthquake occurs, the protection device starts and then an circular arch are formed by rotating protection boards. people are protected in bed body in 0.765s. When floods occur, flood protection airbag is filled with gas and launched by the Atmel89C52 microprocessor and YDE-WDT-P sensors. Bed body can float in the flood. Its functions are similar to the rescue boat and can protect human life’s safety.

Mg-doped ZnO thin films are successfully synthesized via an electro-deposition route, using urotropine as the complex agent. The XRD results show that MgxZn1-xO films possess a wurtzite crystal structure and the (002) diffraction peak shifts to a high angle with Mg2+ concentration increasing, which indicate that a small quantity of Mg atoms is incorporated into the ZnO lattices. Raman scattering reveals that Mg-doping can eliminate the oxygen vacancies. The spectral position of the photoluminescence and optical band gap were successfully tuned from 3.3 to 3.72eV by adjusting the Mg content. Throughout this tuning range, the crystal quality was sufficiently preserved to maintain the excitonic nature of the material resulting in very efficient ultraviolet emission.

Each customer has specific purchase regularity. To predict the customers purchase behavior, some researchers have built a static model which not considere the environmental change and the customers characteristics. To dynamically predict customer purchase behavior, this paper introduces a posteriori estimation method. Based on the customers purchased information, the method combine with the customers current events, then applies the Bayes theorem to posteriori estimate the customers purchase behavior. The new method not only predict individual customers purchase behavior, but also improve the prediction accuracy. It will be helpful for the enterprises to optimize arrangements for the production and inventory and reduce operating costs.

In this paper, principles and methods of UG / WAVE technology and the main function of WAVE are introduced, designs of some parts in the automobile front axle illustrates the steps and methods of UG / WAVE top-down modeling. Automatic update feature of the technology can shorten the design cycle, greatly reduce the duplication of design, make the design and management of product is very convenient and efficient, improve the market competitiveness of enterprise, and full play to concurrent engineering advantages.

Expansive soil mixed with a certain amount of lime in the post-isostatic pressing, as measured through the oedometer specimen expansion and contraction coefficient changes. Test divided load and no-load charge plus two groups, drawn economically reasonable dosage of lime for building design and construction to provide evidence.

Tribological properties of ceramic cutting tool materials in contact with wood based materials were studied in this paper by examining how Al2O3-ceramics and Si3N4-ceramics behave in dry sliding experiment in contact with wood-based materials and by comparing their behavior with tungsten carbide material at the same time. It had been found that the ceramics exhibited much better tribological properties than tungsten carbide material, and Si3N4-ceramic performed better than Al2O3-ceramics. The Al2O3-ceramics with an addition of ZrO2 had better tribological performance than the common Al2O3-ceramics in contact with wood-based materials. The tungsten carbide had better tribological performance than ceramics in tribological contact with wood flour/PE material. A well-marked difference occurred in various cutting materials/MDF frictional pair, but the differences in various cutting materials/PB frictional pair were insignificant. An increase of the normal force didn’t result in any significant decrease of the friction coefficient. An addition of ZrO2 in the Al2O3-ceramics could inhabit corrosive wear.

In the presence of alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide, the intermediate of hyperbranched polyester (H20Cl) was prepared by the modification of hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H20 with epichlorohydrin. Then a new kind of quaternary ammonium functionalized hyperbranched polyester antibacterial agent (H20C16N) was synthesized by the reaction of H20Cl and hexadecyldimethylamine. The structures characterizations of H20C16N were characterized by 1H NMR. The application of H20C16N used as antibacterial agent of silk fabric was studied. The antibacterial ratio was 99.06% against escherichia coli and 98.24% against staphylococcus aureus.The excellent antibacterial properties of treated silk fabric were provided.

Considering the high throughput requirement in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), a novel network coding based routing (NCBR) protocol is presented in this paper. The NCBR protocol could actively create potential coding opportunities in the process of path establishment, which attempts to choose an appreciated route with more coding benefits among available path candidates. After this paper gives the proposed coding condition, it describes the working principle of NCBR protocol in detail. Based on NS-2 platform, average end-to-end throughput is measured to evaluate the effectiveness of NCBR by varying the offered load and number of flows. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed NCBR protocol performs better in enhancing average end-to-end throughput than traditional AODV and AODV+COPE schemes. In particular, average end-to-end throughput could be improved by 11% compared with the AODV+COPE case.

This paper studies Nasal Initials duration, degree of nasal and formants of Mandarin through Nasal flow meter , using Real-time visual feedback and sonogram reveals nasal interface and the dynamic changes, and sound imposed direction followed by a vowel sound, Reveals the complexity of the nasal articulation, the result shows that the degree of nasal and formant of Monosyllabic are different because different nasal sound acts as initials.

In this paper, modified rice straw was investigated for its Cu2+removal ability from aqueous solution. The effects of environmental factors on metal biosorption were studied under static state, including initial concentration of metal ions, sorption time, initial pH value and adsordent dosage. In addition, the relevant equilibrium, kinetics were discussed. The results showed that the rice straw which was modified by NaOH had been improved greatly in its Cu2+removal ability. The rice straw had good effects on adsorption of low concentration of Cu2+solution. The adsorption data fit Langmuir isotherm model well, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu2+reached 8.48 mg·g-1. The adsorption of Cu2+on the modified rice straw was a very rapid process, the kinetics fit a pseudo-second-order equation well. The pH value had prominent effect on the removal rate of Cu2+, adsorption efficient could reach over 92% when pH value was between 5 and 6.5. With increasing adsordent dosage, the removal rate of Cu2+increased.

Five blast-furnace slags were used as adsorbents to remove Pb (II) from aqueous solution. Kinetic studies showed that the sorption process was best described by pseudo-second-order model. Among Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms, the Freundlich isotherm had a better fit with the simulation of the adsorption of Pb (II).

High threshold of watertight door makes it difficult for materials transporting in the cabin by ordinary equipment. So, an un-powered mechanical structure is presented by the thesis, which can cross watertight threshold easily. On the basis of this structure,an obstacle crossing vehicle is designed for materials transporting in cabins.

Accidents of icing on catenary have great impacts on normal operation of trains. An on-line anti-icing technology used static var generator (SVG) for catenary was proposed, which can prevent icing formation without interrupting trains normal operation. The heat balance equations for catenary were solved, whose results were compared with data provided by TB/T 3111 and testing show the equation was correct. The simulation model based on Matlab was bulit , whose results and analysis show the correctness of the method.

The separation and purification of total flavonoids from Buddleja officinalis were carried out by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin. The optimum adsorption conditions for sample flow rate, pH value and feeding concentration were 2.0 mL/min, 4.5 and 1.6 mg/mL, respectively, and the optimum desorption conditions were obtained by using 2.0 BV of 70% ethanol as desorption solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under these conditions, the flavonoids content of the final product was 90.43%, increased by 1.7 times than unpurified sample (53.09%).

This paper, proposes a method that designers provide a basic conceptual form scheme of the products with multi- deformation channel, but a detailed form is modified by the users according to the locally changeable two or three dimensional models, and the needed several product form schemes can be achieved through statistic analysis of the feedbacks from the users. In this process, users redesign the form in the mean while of product evaluation, which makes the users have a good knowledge of the products and makes the designers get the direct statistics of the most desirable morph from the perspective of the users. This method combines the evaluation and design process together, which is able to promote the batter communication, thus to make design process more efficient.

Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques (ESPRIT) is applied to analyze the interharmonics in Electric Power System (EPS). First, the signal received by one A/D convertor forms a signal vector through time shift; second, the number of sinusoidal components which compose the analyzed signal is estimated by calculating Minimum Descriptive Length (MDL), and then ESPRIT utilizes the rotational invariance of two sampling linear arrays to obtain frequency information by Total Least Squares (TLS) algorithm; and finally the rest amplitudes and phase angles are estimated by a simplified Support Vector Regression Machine (SVRM). TLS-ESPRIT aided by MDL as a super-resolution algorithm can overcome resolution limit and achieve better results compared with FFT and PRONY algorithms. Computer simulations prove that the proposed method is feasible and applicable.

Based on the experimental study into the temperature control scheme for mass concrete pile caps of the Zhenyuling Bridge, this paper did comprehensive research on effective ways to reducing massive concrete temperature caused by hydration heat, and preventing concrete cracks caused by thermal stress. The paper analyzed the effects of cooling pipe, concrete thickness and surface insulation materials on the temperature-stress field of massive concrete. By theoretical analysis and simulation research, the temperature control scheme was developed to guide the construction of massive concrete. Temperature-controlling techniques and precaution measures of early thermal cracks are introduced, which can provide reference to construction similar structure.

A unit of high-speed, large-scale, continuous, automated PCM, which is used for production process information management practice, is introduced in this paper. According to the practice of cold rolling equipment and "High-speed Management," advanced management methods and tools are embedded to process control, so as to achieve online control of "quality flow", real-time evaluation and improvement.

Amino acids, the basic unit of protein molecules, are closely related to some important biological activities and they affect cell growth and metabolism directly or indirectly. Previous studies showed that adding amino acids can improve the productivity of human-like collagen (HLC). Thus, we analyzed the amino acids metabolism during the fermentation process. The results of metabolic flux analysis of amino acids implied that the cell growth and production of HLC were active as long as the free amino acids in the medium were adequate. This suggested control the concentration of amino acids could improve cell growth and human-like collagen production.

Leaf dipping method is used in this paper to compare the drug resistance of the invasive species western flower thrips and the native thrips tabaci to 6 kinds of insecticides: phoxim, chlorpyrifos, beta-cypermethrin, spinosad, emamectin-benzoate and avermectin.The results showed that the western flower thrips had a higher drug resistance to phoxim, chlorpyrifos and beta-cypermethrin than thrips tabaci, while beta-cypermethrin and avermectin had a good activity against thrips tabaci. Spinosad had the best control effect, with a concentration of 0.5 mg/L, the corrected mortality of these two thrips reached above 90%.

Focused on instantaneous translation of image sequences and rotation instability problem caused by the flight status of the aerial photography process, this paper proposes a dual-mode stabilization method based on a combination of inertial stability and electronic image stabilization. Among them, this paper uses the improved algorithm based on affine transformation model against the traditional electronic image stabilization which is more difficult to adapt to the shortcomings of the rotation changes based on planar motion model. The algorithm can not only accurately describe the changes in the image sequence, but also effectively eliminate the interference of the rotation, jitter, etc. Experimental results show the method can improve the accuracy of image stabilization and reduce electronic image stabilization processing time, which has broad application prospects in the military and civilian fields.

By analysis of measure theory, test method, goal seeking process, discuss test method in theory, A diffusion equation based on seepage theory is brought forward to substitute the linear fitting method. Data process complexity is being decreased.

Effects of different components, autoclaving temperature and autoclaving time on the microstructure features and mechanisms of hydrothermal reactions of activated saline soil were investigated by using XRD, DAT and other microstructural analytical methods. Collected from Tianjin Binhai New District, the mainly raw materials used in this study are the saline soil ( 65%) supplemented with calcareous materials. The results demonstrate that with an increasing calcium to silicon ratio, the diffraction peaks of C2SH(A) and tobermorite fluctuate; the peaks increase initially, then dip down slightly before rising up again. With increasing autoclaving time, the order of generated hydration products is as following: C2SH(A) tobermorite gyrolite. Specifically, once autoclaving time reaches 3h, the changing trend of C2SH(A) to tobermorite becomes obvious, and the conversion from tobermorite to gyrolite can also be observed easily. The hydration products of autoclaved saline soil include mainly C2SH(A) and tobermorite, along with a small amount of CSH(B). Microscopic analysis observed by us reveals that a number of scattered, small and white tobermorite crystals are closely attached to quartz surface, which might play a key role in increasing the strength of the system.

A light emitting material 2-phenylimidazo [4,5-f]-(1,10)-phenanthroline zinc complex has been synthesized. Its structure, energy band, photoluminescent and thermal properties were charaterized by elemental analysis,1H-NMR, Uv-vis absorption, photoluminescent spectra and thermogravimetric technique．The experimental results showed that the complex had a good thermal stability.UV-vis absorption bands of the complex were located at about 207,276,297nm. Its optical gap was 3.08eV. The maximum emitting wavelength was 490nm, which indicates that this complex is an excellent blue-emitting material.

In this paper, we consider a TDMA-based wireless network and address two major issues, fading and interference, existing in wireless networks since fading will lead to low quality links and interference may lead to unfair channel allocation. Because channel allocation selects the proper channel for each logical link and routing determines through which logical links the packets should be forwarded, there is strong interaction between MAC layer and network layer. In this paper, we seek for the performance trend with more channels allocated and further compare the performances of Bellman-Ford and AODV routing protocols based on the Packet Deliver Rate (PDR) to MAC layer in multi-radio multi-channel multi-hop wireless networks. Numerical results are given and discussions as well as insights into performance aspects for multi-radio multi-channel deployment are provided.

The ductility of primary lateral resisting member, i.e. Core wall is analyzed using finite element program ADINA. The influencing factors like aspect ratio, concrete grade, axial compression ratio, reinforcement ratio,boundary confinement and reinforcement ratio of boundary element etc. are considered in the analysis. Based on the aforementioned research, some suggestions for the design of core wall in hybrid structure are proposed.

In this paper, we study the multicast waveband grooming in multi-domain optical networks and propose three heuristic algorithms, Per-Domain Multicast Grooming (PDMG), Virtual Topology Multicast Grooming (VTMG) and Hierarchical Multi-domain Multicast Grooming (HMMG). Simulation results show that, comparing with PDMG and VTMG, HMMG has the best performance of ports savings and the lowest blocking probability.

Currently, the required bandwidth of users tends to be diversity, i.e., coarse-granularity demands (e.g., terabit/circuit routing) and small-granularity demands (e.g., sub-rate traffic streams). Only employing traffic grooming or waveband switching may result in several traffic-diversity problems. Therefore, the traffic partition grooming technique with considering traffic transferring is proposed in this paper to solve the traffic-diversity problems, especially for achieving blocking probability reduction and port savings. Correspondingly, we devise the heuristic and Identified MG-IGAG (IMG-IGAG) algorithm based on Granularity-Layered Graph (GLG) since the problem of grooming is the NP-hard. The simulation results show that our IMG-IGAG is more effective and practical than other state-of-the-art methods.

From the experimental research, the cube compressive strength and prism compressive strength of combined aggregate concrete are compared. Based on regression analysis, the influence of different substitution ratio of lightweight aggregate, age of concrete and water-cement ratio are studied, and the age coefficient is analyzed. According to the test results, the formula of compressive strength of combined aggregate concrete is given.

Amino acids, the basic unit of protein molecules, are closely related with biological activities. In order to enhance the expression of human-like collagen (HLC), amino acids were added into fermentation broth, and response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the categories and the concentration of amino acids. The results of PB-design showed that only the dosage of alanine and glutamate had significant effects on the production of HLC. Quadratic polynomial models were established after analyzing the results of CCD-design. The optimal concentration of alanine and glutamate were 3.78gL-1、and 2.52g•L-1 respectively. Under the optimal cultivation condition the maximal production of human-like collagen could be up to 0.292g•L-1 which was 11.45% higher than that of the control group 0.262g•L-1 (the highest production of the former study).

In this paper, we propose a static traffic grooming method, where both wavelength layered graph and evaluation function are deployed with the objective of maximizing Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction degree of user and minimizing comparative cost of IP over WDM optical networks, based on Steady Elimination Evolutionary Algorithm (SEEA) and gaming. Using proposed novel hybridization operation and evolutional strategy with the consideration of individual diversity in niche population, our method can eliminate the worst individual in the current niche population and generate optimized traffic grooming program. Our method has been analyzed and compared with the other traffic grooming schemes on the realistic network topologies in our simulations. Simulation results have demonstrated that our method outperforms state-of-the-art grooming schemes, which is highly feasible and effective.

Controller Area Network (CAN) is widely used in real-time automobile control and is gaining wider acceptance as a standard for factory automation. This paper discusses the applicability of Rate Monotonic (RM) techniques to the scheduling of CAN messages. Rate Monotonic can guarantee higher network utilization, but it is difficult to implement in periodic data networks or local buses. The paper mainly analyzes the RM scheduling algorithm and then establishes the simulation model about the algorithm based on CAN bus, and analyzes the effect in this situation of experiment.

The behavior of 3d electrons and microdefects in binary Ti-Al alloys with Al contents from 47at.% to 53at.% have been studied by coincidence Doppler broadening and positron lifetime techniques. It has been found that the 3d electron signals in the spectra of binary Ti-Al alloys increase with Ti content. In Al-rich Ti-Al alloys, on increasing Al content, the open volume of defect on grain boundary increases while the density of free electron decreases. On the contrary, in Ti-rich Ti-Al alloys, on increasing Ti content, the open volume of defect on grain boundary decreases, and the electron density of the grain boundary increases.

Based on the experimental research, the prism compressive strength and cubic compressive strength of specified density steel fiber concrete are studied. Through regression analysis, the influence of type of steel fiber, volume content of the fiber and substitution ratio of lightweight aggregate is studied. According to the test results, the formula of prism compressive strength and cubic compressive strength is given.

Characteristics of RCC concrete with greater proportion of magnesium oxide style in domestic are few mentioned, urgently awaits to further study. Through the test of additive magnesium oxide roller compacted concrete's characteristics, to determine the appropriate magnesium oxide style admixture of roller compacted concrete; Accurately calculation the temperature field and stress field of the simulation, the results show the mixed magnesium oxide technology and bury HDPE cooling water pipes measures combining to RCC construction of high-temperature cracking is an effective method of temperature control and crack prevention. It is for the high-temperature environment of RCC dam construction scheme has provided important scientific basis.

A method that applies Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM) in lithium-ion battery sorting in formation and test system is presented. The original Fuzzy C-Means algorithm is optimized, and weighted index m and cluster number c are analyzed. Through battery sorting experiment, this method is verified to be feasible and practical.

To solve the difficult and low-efficient processing problems of slender inner helical surface, the layered processing theory and method of slender inner helical surface based on slender inner helical surface structure in screw drill stator as the research object is put forward. The whole processing of slender inner helical surface is innovated by simple layer processing, which reduce the processing difficulty and improve manufacturing efficiency. The key techniques are studied such as screw drill stator structure, the design method and processing technology and the analysis and calculation of interference, which provide the theory for layered processing of slender inner helical surface structural components processing.

The data transmission on CAN bus is decided by priority, That is the data with high priority can always be transmited by inturrupt the data transmission with low priority .In that case the data with lower priority may not be transmitted for a long time .To sove such problem we use DRR scheduling algorithm ,But in the case of too many unexpected data ,The scheduling results are poor .In view of such situation this paper put forward a solution allocation quotas dynamicly according to the current network state . And setting up a CAN bus system simulation platform in which conducted a simuliation experiment.The result show that the improvement strategy work well at any situation.

Computer vision community has long attempted to automatically detect locations in the image that are able to capture attentions of users. In recent years, more and more researchers have proposed to address this problem from the perspective of simulating human visual attention mechanisms. In this paper, we study modeling visual attention in frequency domain. Our major contributions are twofold: 1. A new method called band-divided method (BDM) is developed to generate the saliency map by integrating the amplitude spectrum with the phase spectrum. 2. A quantitative measurement according to min-distance dissimilarity (MDD) is presented to evaluate the saliency map, which is more appropriate for non-binary ground-truth data. Experiments on benchmark dataset and comparisons with traditional approaches demonstrate the promise of the proposed work.

In this paper, the flow field of mixer rotors of the wasted rubber reclaimed is firstly used with FEM software-ADINA. The field includes the pressure and velocity field, the shear velocity vetor and viscosity field. According to the results of the analysis, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages and applicability of the mechanical cross-linking solution of the waste rubber. And it shows the shearing tear ability of new 4-wing synchronous rotor is far more than it of ordinary 4-wing synchronous rotor. So the good flow scattered performance is.

During the extruding process of short fiber-rubber composite material, screw speed is an important factor which influences the orientation of short fibers, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material. The effects of different screw speeds on physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material have been studied by experimental study. In the experiments, the screw speeds were 10rpm, 15rpm, 20rpm, 25rpm and 30rpm respectively. The experimental results indicated that when the screw speed was 15rpm, the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material are better.

The dense phase pneumatic conveying system of carbon black and the experimental process are introduced in the paper. According to the test data, the factors that influence the carbon black conveying performance are analysed. This paper points out that the higher of air flow rate will increase the conveying capacity of carbon black, but will approach to a critical value. The open pressure of the blow pot has a optimal extent, in which the carbon black conveying time will be the shortest. This paper also points out that the longer the conveying distance, the higher the carbon black fragmentation rate.

The first-order kinetic models were used in the article to study the effect of the addition of gum acacia (A1), the ratio of core material and wall material, the ratio of maltodextrin and starch, and the gel types on the release properties of pellets in distilled water. The results showed that the sucrose release rate (K values) of slow-release pellets slowed down gradually with the increase of A1 amount, larger ratio of wall material resulted in smaller K values, the ratio of starch increased from 2:1 to 1:1, K values at different water temperatures increased significantly, additional starch might result in the blocking of elution tube by pellets and smaller K values of the pellets, K values of the pellets prepared with gum acacia (A2) was the maximum and that with A1 was the minimum, and the compound of A1 and A2 could control the release rate of the pellets. The release process of the pellets in the static distilled water system showed that the pellet diameter (D1) expanded rapidly in the early period, then the pellet wall surface eroded, pellet size expansion slowed down until insoluble starch circle was left. The pellet core diameter (D2) changed a little in the early period and decreased faster after a period of time until it was completely dissolved. The release process of pellets in the static distilled water supposed that there were two stages of sucrose release from the pellets, and the model fitting results showed: the K values in the first stage was significantly higher than those of the second stage.

Considering the need of designing a parallel mechanism which can achieve a whole week of rotation and two translations, in this paper, the inverse dynamic model based on the virtual work principle was established. And because the maximum velocity and torque of servomotor are the key indices to choose the servomotor, the prediction models of the maximum velocity and torque of active joints employing the singular value decomposition technique were established as well; further, the prediction model of moment of inertia of servomotor was proposed, and then the computer simulation which can the indentify the effectiveness of this method was conducted. The estimating method has been successfully applied in the series of the parallel mechanisms.

Two different types of channels are investigated which have I- and Z-shaped cross-sections with a width of 2mm. Using the numerical simulation method, the influence of wall contact angle to the process of bubble generating and growth up is studied, and the relationship between different channel shapes and pressure drop is also investigated. In the calculation process, the effects of gravity, surface tension and wall adhesion are taken into account. It is found that wall contact angle has a great influence to the morphology of bubbles. The smaller the wall contact angle is, the rounder the bubbles are, and the shorter the bubbles take to departure from the wall, otherwise, the bubbles are more difficult to depart. The variation of contact angle also has effect upon the heat transfer coefficient, the greater the wall contact angle is, the larger bubble-covered area is, thus the wall thermal resistance gets higher, and the heat transfer coefficient becomes lower. The role of surface tension in the process of boiling heat transfer is much larger than the gravity in narrow channels. The generation of bubbles dramatically disturbs the boundary layer, and the bubble bottom micro-layer can enhance the heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient of Z-shaped channels is larger than that of I-shaped channels, while the pressure drop of the former is obviously higher.