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In order to reduce its costs and increase its strength and toughness, 3Y-ZrO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite ceramics is fabricated through pressureless sintering process. Microstructure is detected by SEM and composition is analyzed by EDS. The results show that some of ZrO2 combined with Al2O3 forms ZrO2+Al2O3 solid solutions, and the others form particles which are distributed on grain boundaries and matrixes with different shapes. Those ZrO2 particles locating in the boundaries enhance the ceramic’s toughness by two modes: fracturing and tearing, and which one to be occur depends on the location relationship between load and boundary interface. The composition transition, i.e. the solid solution consisting of ZrO2+Al2O3 has formed encircling ZrO2 particles, and it has a positive contribution to ceramics toughness through the combination of chemical bond.

TiO2 porous materials were prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The characteristic of the synthesized materials were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The materials give excellent adsorbability and photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV lamp.

N, S codoped titania with high photocatalystic properties were prepared by hydrothermal method. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. N, S codoped titania displayed a better degradation rate of organophosphorus pesticide under visible light irradiation. The utility of N, S codoped TiO2 as a photocatalysis over undoped titania entirely, whether the requirement for visible-light functionality, even if at low efficiency, outweighs a modest drop in the efficiency of catalysis using UV light.

The doping TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal method with two different nonmetal, that is N-doped, and N, S codoped. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to the test result, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped titania give a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. It was evidenced that the incorporation N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N linkages. However, we compared with N-doped and N, S codoped it was no reservation to conclude that N, S codoped titania exhibit the further enhanced photocatalytic activity.

N-doped TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at different temperature. Then to test the photocatalysis by degradation of organophosphorus pesticide. We can come to the conclusion that high hydration temperature had a negative impact on the photocatalysis. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. This study has developed a promising and practical pathway to nitrogen-doped photocatalysts.

In this research, the nanometer-sized TiO2/quartz sand photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The structure of the composite samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the photocatalytic degradation for the methylene blue (MB) solution have been inverstigated in visible light. The influence of calcining temperature was discussed. The result showed: heat treatment of the material loaded on quartz sand at 400 ℃ was most effective. The decolorization rate of methylene blue (MB) can be reached 96.92% under 4.5 h xenon lamp irradiation.

Phosphor and nitrogen co-doped titania were prepared by hydrothermal method with phosphorous acid and ammonia as the P and N sources, respectively. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Phosphor and nitrogen co-doped titania give a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar light irradiation. It was evidenced that the incorporation of P and N in the anatase titania lattice in the form of O–Ti–N, O–P–N, and Ti–O–P linkages. After photocatalytic properties studies, we can conclude that N, P codoped titania exhibit the further enhanced photocatalytic activity.

Phosphor-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method. These samples which prepared by hydrothermal method exist in anatase phase has much higher photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation. In addition, MB degradation performance of the hydrothermal ones is also superior to that of the commercial P25. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physical adsorption at 77 K, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. It can conclude the hydrothermal method proves to be more suitable to improve the photocatalytic performance.