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A reasonable and effective control strategy for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) with HESS (Hybrid Energy Storage System) can improve the system efficiency and battery service life. A dynamic programming-based global optimal control strategy which fully considered the efficiency of each component in HEV is presented. To compare with the nonlinear proportion factor dynamic coordination strategy, the fuel consumption is not increased. The cycle numbers of battery are further decreased which benefits its cycle life improvement. The regenerative energy callback ratio improves 3% under the shanghai drive cycle as an example. Since this optimization algorithm considers efficiency of each subsystem, the efficiency optimum under the selected driving cycle was realized. It can also provide a reference for the non-linear scaling factor allocation strategies to determine the scale factors.

Based on bridges routine examination, special detection is in-depth and meticulous testing that according to the disease characteristics, using some expertise technology and testing equipment for steel corrosion, concrete carbonization, the thickness of the protective layer and component quality to some key parts or typical bridge opening. Bridge condition of technology can be controlled more fully and accurately through a special bridge inspection, combined with conventional test results on the status of a comprehensive assessment of structures. This may provide technical data for the next bridge inspection count and load test, moreover, according to the variation of the data in the field test, it may dedicate variation characteristic and influencing factors for damage of structural durability from these special detections.

Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatographic separation has become a highly promising method for chiral separation due to the less solvent consumption and efficient utilization of stationary phase. As reported, Azelnidipine exists two isomeric forms, it is necessary to product azelnidipine single enantiomer for medical safety and drug developmen. However, the separation of azelnidipine enantiomers on SMB is complex, requiring many operating parameters. And the SMB processes with temperature gradient (non-isotherm) mode may have significant advantages over the traditional isothermal mode. In this article, the Henry constants of azelnidipine enantiomers were determined with pulse experiments on Chiralpak AD column at different temperatures. It provided important references for the production of azelnidipine single enantiomer with non-isotherm SMB.

Faced with ordinary train speed, inter city train and high-speed rail started to use, increasing private cars, the development of the aviation Spur Line of road passenger transport companies and to road passenger transport based integrated road transport companies have to develop new business areas looking for new economic growth point to enhance enterprise competitiveness in the new environment. Road passenger transport enterprises have road transport vehicle management experience, but also a good resource advantages of regional social, site, brand, network, etc., So the development of logistics has become the first choice of many such enterprises. With the development of logistics in Jiangxi road passenger transportation enterprise's background, current situation, development of the logistics of the road passenger transportation enterprises in the existing problems, puts forward the countermeasures, make accurate positioning, clear direction; a sound system, innovation mechanism; build a platform, tamp foundation; intensive and meticulous farming, create brand, actively develop the third party logistics, a comprehensive modernization

With the urgent to carry out a low carbon pathway of the electric power sector for Shandong province to face the heavy burden of the emission reduction, it is necessary to analyze the margin abatement costs (MAC) of its low carbon technologies. In this article, we adopted the MAC method with a scenario analysis to point out the margin abatement costs and investment intensity of 9 kinds of major low carbon technologies in electric power sector in 2030. The results show that The IGCC+CCS+EOR, coal optimal scheduling, nuclear power technologies are with negative MAC in the Mitigation Scenario in 2030; while biomass combustion, biogas power generation, onshore wind power, solar photovoltaic, IGCC, offshore wind power, IGCC+CCS is positive. Therefore, for the lower marginal abatement cost and investment intensity technologies such as nuclear power and coal optimal scheduling, only some reasonable policies and economic incentives will promote their applications. On the other hand, for the higher marginal abatement cost and investment intensity technologies, like the renewable energy power technologies, it will have to need an initial investment subsidies, price subsidies, carbon trading, carbon taxes or other fiscal mechanisms to encourage market mechanisms.

Determining the best tool replacement time is important for minimizing overall manufacturing costs. Utilizing the yield index, the true process yield for dynamic processes with tool wear can be estimated, and the tool wear problem can be controlled. However, no measurement is free from error or uncertainty, a realistic approach is to assume that observed data contain a degree of imprecision. Thus, this study applies the fuzzy theory to the tool wear control problem. A decision rule is proposed to determine the appropriate time to replace a tool.

Response surface methodology based on single factors was used to optimize the process condition for extraction of nitrite nitrogen in sediment . The results indicated that the extraction amount of nitrite nitrogen was 9.5μg /g under the optimum condition of extraction time of 44min, ultrasonic power of 280W, solid-liquid ratio of 1:19,which was closed to the predicated yield of 9.3μg/g. The process can be used for the extraction of nitrite nitrogen in sediments.

take the construction of the steel structure work of a certain stadium as an example, summarize the contents such as project general situation, project characteristic and project management, emphatically introduce the general idea of the construction, the construction and management measures of the setting technology of the support tower and the installation technology of the awning steel structure in an effort to guide the similar engineering construction.

This study investigates the influence of temperature and load on the dry sliding property of interface between brake friction material with low metallic formulation and gray cast iron disc. Full factorial design was employed to conduct pin-on-disc wear tests to attain wear and friction response under external heating temperature and applied load ranging from 25-175°C and 50-500N(0.35-3.5MPa), respectively. The analysis of experiment results shows the effect of load on wear rate is almost linear. Wear rate exhibits an increase followed by decrease trend with applied load. Friction coefficient is positively affected by external heating temperature but almost independent of applied load. Quadratic regression is conducted to fit the influence of temperature and load on wear rate and friction coefficient and the result shows sound fitting effect.

This paper investigated the influence of the inoculation volume of dewatering sludge on thermophilic anaerobic digestion in residue of fermentative hydrogen production using combined sludge and food waste in batch experimental systems. The inoculum to residue ratios were 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, respectively. The results showed that the biogas production increased with the inoculation volume except for 90%,and the optimum inoculation volume was 70%.

Great attention has been paid to the increasing amount of municipal sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants due to its potential risks to the surrounding environment. The municipal sludge, which mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins as well as abundant groups of microorganisms, has been proved to be a promising biological material for hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation. The tests systematically investigated the effects of initial pH on bio-hydrogen production from alkaline pretreated municipal sludge. The results showed that both hydrogenogen and methanogen were inhibited at the initial pH 2 to 4, which resulted in little hydrogen production. The methanogen inhibition was obvious by the rate of 94-98 % at the initial pH 5. The relatively high hydrogen production appeared at the initial pH 5 during the fermentation using the alkaline pretreated sludge at pH=12.0, and the corresponding pH at the end of fermentation was from 5.0 to 6.0, which was good for hydrogen production from saccharide. The hydrogenogen and methanogen could be promoted and the lag phase for hydrogen production could be shorten at the initial pH 6 to 10, however the corresponding hydrogen production was quite low. It also could be concluded that the alkaline pretreated sludge with initial pH 12.0 gave the highest hydrogen production, and the initial pH 12.0 for the alkaline pretreated sludge could inhibit methanogen growth and meanwhile maintain a high activity of the hydrogenogen.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) provides a new opportunity for the sustainable production of energy from the textile wastewater. However, limited studies revealed the high electricity generation using a single-chambered MFC in treating crystal violet (CV) containing wastewater. This study isolated an exoelectrogen Aeromonas hydrophila YC 57, inoculated to a single-chambered MFC and intended to achieve a high power output. The results showed that the removal efficiency of CV and coulombic efficiency of MFC by A. hydrophila YC 57 were achieved at 82.5±0.7% and 57.2±0.5% at initial CV concentration of 100 mg/L, respectively. The maximum power generation of MFC was 240±5.6 mW/m2. Results of cyclic voltammogram hinted the intermediate products of CV dye played roles of mediators. Toxicity studies revealed that metabolites of CV produced by A. hydrophila YC 57 were nontoxic. To our knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the electricity characteristics of a single-chambered MFC inoculated A. hydrophila YC 57.

The photo-biocatalytic ability of eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic microalgae on nonnatural prochiral ketones to produce chiral alcohols was studied in this paper. The results proved that ethyl acetoacetate and acetophenone can be stereo-selectively reduced to the corresponding ethyl S-3-hydroxybutyrate (EHB) and S-1-phenylethanol (PEA) by microalgal photo-biocatalysis with high enantioselectivity, respectively. Scenedesmus obliquus has the best photo-biocatalytic activity to ethyl acetoacetate reduction reaction among the two selected eukaryotic microalgae, about 43.98% yield and 69.58% e.e. achieved. Spirulina platensis is the best biocatalyst to acetophenone among the four selected prokaryotic microalgae, about 52.65% yield and 99.40% e.e. achieved.

protein was extracted from Antarctic krill (AK), then blended with sodium alginate (SA) , prepare the spinning solution, the rheological properties of spinning solution were studied by Brookfield DV-C digital viscosimeter. AKP/SA fibers were prepared via wet spinning with CaCl2 and PEG as coagulator .The morphology, tensile strength and thermal property of AKP/SA fibers were characterized by polarized light microscopy, monofilament strength tester and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. The result shows that the shear viscosities of spinning solution decrease with the increasing of shear rate and decreasing of concentration. the optimal Preparation Process of AKP/SA fibers were 5% concentration of SA, proportion of 1: 9 for AKP solution to SA solution, and proportion of 5:1 for CaCl2 to PEG. The cross-section of AKP/SA fiber is a jagged shape. Thermal property of AKP/SA fibers is similar to SA fibers.

The noise reduction and ventilation cooling is contradictory each other for urban indoor substation. Our efforts were focused on the problems of the excessive noise and poor ventilation of indoor substation in this paper, the existing shortages of the primary ventilation cooling program and the noise source characteristics of the indoor substation were analyzed, and the renovation of noise reduction and ventilation cooling was proposed. The measurement data of before and after renovation demonstrated that this renovation on noise reduction and ventilation cooling has a visible effect in meeting the national standard for noise level of the substation surrounding as well as in improving the cooling effect significantly.

This paper discussed application of modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (MNSGA-II) to multi-objective optimization of a coal-fired boiler combustion, the two objectives considered are minimization of overall heat loss and NOx emissions from coal-fired boiler. In the first step, BP neural network was proposed to establish a mathematical model predicting the NOx emissions & overall heat loss from the boiler. Then, BP model and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) were combined to gain the optimal operating parameters. According to the problems such as premature convergence and uneven distribution of Pareto solutions exist in the application of NSGA-II, corresponding improvements in the crowded-comparison operator and crossover operator were performed. The optimal results show that MNSGA-II can be a good tool to solve the problem of multi-objective optimization of a coal-fired combustion, which can reduce NOx emissions and overall heat loss effectively for the coal-fired boiler. Compared with NSGA-II, the Pareto set obtained by the MNSGA-II shows a better distribution and better quality.

Two new three-branched s-triazine derivatives with near-octupolar symmetry have been synthesized. In each of them, two branches have donor groups attaching to their ends, while the other one has none. Their photophysical characteristics, such as UV–vis spectra, fluorescence spectra and two-photon excited fluorescence spectra, are compared with their octuplar analogs in which all the three branches are ended by donor group. The little structural difference results in great decline of single-photon absorptivity and single-photon excited fluorescence, as well as the two-photon excitated fluorescence.

The reasonable power and energy distribution problem of two energy sources in hybrid energy storage system in HEV has been studied. This paper focuses on the analysis power and energy requirements of energy storage system and influences by the drive cycle. The parameters sizing principle of the energy storage system is put forward from the angle of energy and power respectively. The results show that following the parameters matching principle, the hybrid energy storage source which is made up of battery and ultracapacitor can meet the double requirements for power and energy in the operation process of HEV. What’s more, a good foundation is laid for HEV parameters optimization of the energy storage sources.

As the increasing of the wind power capability， in order to ensure the stability of the grid while the voltage dips， the LVRT ability of the wind power turbine has become necessary. Realizing LVRT， is not only the question the built and will build wind power system are facing, but also the challenge of the will build and operating ones. Actually, many connected operating wind power system can’t meet the LVRT, this is why the large scale wind power off-grid events happened frequently, so the reformation of the wind power system LVRT is an emergency question to be solved. This paper introduced the main methods for LVRT reformation, based on this, some LVRT reform equipment was summarized for the wind turbine; and further, some reform methods were introduced for wind farm.

To improve quality and efficiency of NC machining sequencing, an approach to order the machining features of aircraft structural parts is introduced in accordance with the principle of hierarchical planning, knowledge and geometry-based reasoning method. The main contents consist of: (1) Machining cell and its geometric descriptions are established, and the method for decomposing generalized pocket (GP) into machining cells is proposed. (2) Based on the GP relationship tree, data model and algorithm for generating machining chain are presented. (3) Machining process segmenting, feature grouping and sequencing rules are formulated by communicating with related experts. (4) Priority graph and relationship matrix of features are applied to describe the machining precedence. The developed approach has been applied in Intelligent NC Programming System of Aircraft Structural Parts and is validated through a case study.

This paper presents a knowledge based CAD/CAE integrated multidisciplinary design system. The CAD and CAE models of the major parts of products are established with a set of parameters input from the user interface (UI). The knowledge base and inference engine were constructed to determine the parameters. The system contained self developed modules and commercial CAD/CAE software. It automated the design process and eased the capacity of complicated engineering analysis of the designers and reduced the time for computation. A case study on a roof cover in turbine was carried out to verify the feasibility of this system. The results showed that the developed system facilitated the multidisciplinary design.

Different fiber materials were modified and the effects of modified fiber on paper performance were evaluated. It’s shown that the strength of paper can be promoted by modified fiber. When the mixing ratio of modified NBKP fiber was 5%, the tensile index was increased from 38.28 N•m/g to 47.21 N•m/g. When the addition ratio of modified HYP fiber was 1.5%, the internal bond strength of paper was increased from 49.41 J/ m2 to 55.30 J/ m2, and the tensile index was increased by 48.06%. When the addition ratio of modified fiber of sawdust was 1.5% and mixed with OCC, the tensile index of paper was increased from 18.89N•m/g to 27.55N•m/g, and the ring crush index was increased by 13.99%.

There was a certain amount of fibers in paper sludge, including the short fiber and small fiber. Collagen fiber was a compound with high bond energy, which can be reused from the leather solid waste, and contained many polar groups. Both fibers can be well combined with Hydrogen bond. So the collagen fiber and paper sludge were studied as raw materials, mixed with plant fiber, to make corrugated paper. The results showed that, when the wastes were used to make the corrugated paper, its central pressure indicators could reach its national standard.

Since 1990, the Green Restaurant Association (GRA), a United States based national non-profit organization, has led the green restaurant movement by providing certification for restaurants to become more environmentally responsible. Certification services include rating existing restaurants and food service operations with points in seven environmental categories. The present study intended to employ Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to examine and understand the impact of consumers’ beliefs on attitudes and patronage intention toward green restaurant in Taiwan. A total of 389 respondents completed a survey conducted at the downtown hectic transit station of Taipei’s Metro system. The results of a structural equation analysis revealed that consumers’ beliefs of green restaurant positively affected their attitudes and patronage intentions toward green restaurant. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Experimental work for the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete was designed. The results indicated that the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) re-placement ratio has a remarkable influence on the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete.the relationships between the compressive strength and themw/mcratio are also different for differentRCA replacement ratios and the developments for the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete are not exactly the same as that of normal concrete.

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films were one-step catalytically synthesized on silicon substrates by the premixed ethanol flame (PEF). Ferric nitrate and copper nitrate with diverse concentrations, as catalyst precursors, were respectively dissolved into the absolute ethanol to form PEF which could simultaneously offer heat source, carbon source and catalysts. More CNT films were synthesized on silicon substrates when first placed between the core and inner flame and then moved into location between the inner and outer flame. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphologies of CNT films were greatly influenced by the catalyst precursors and locations of silicon substrates in PEF. CNT films synthesized by the copper nitrate PEF had a smaller tube diameter (~20 nm) and lower ratio of amorphous carbon (43.82%). The CNT yield increased along the concentration of catalyst precursors, but the graphitization degree decreased just the reverse. This approach had the potential of large-scale applications in solar cells and reinforced materials.

A kind of Cobalt ferrite ceramics were successfully prepared by using nanocrystalline powders synthesized by citrate gel method. The relative dielectric constant and loss tangent of the ceramic as a function of frequency (100 Hz - 1 MHz) was investigated at room temperature. Both of them decrease with increase in frequency showing dispersion. Hysteresis loop magnetization was measured and the ceramic show good magnetic characteristics at room temperature.

In order to research the different types of isolation bearings impact on bridge performance, parameters of lead rubber bearing, super high damping rubber bearing and friction pendulum bearing are designed for the three-span continuous bridge. With the method of nonlinear time-history analysis, dynamic characteristic of this isolated bridge is studied by using sap2000. Analysis results show that the isolated bridge with three types isolation bearings has a good seismic isolation effect under rare earthquake. The difference of shear force between friction pendulum and other two types is about 4% below.

The Power Enterprise asset valuation is usually the market price at market in the current market price down algorithm or method, as im of China's timber market, trading behavior is not very standardized, resulting in the use of market price of Evaluating the value out of Power Enterprise asset valuation, can not be objective and realistic response to the full value of Power Enterprise assets. This article will introduce AHP Power Enterprise asset valuation, the price of power species, Power Enterprise by constructing the AHP model, constructed response relationship between the various levels of indicators to determine the weight matrix to determine the lowest level of index membership, the calculation method to determine the individual materials species, the average price of a Power Enterprise assets, significantly improving the effectiveness and reliability of assessment.

The modified single base gun propellant was prepared from single base propellant grain by impregnation with blasting oil, followed by deterring with deterrent in water medium. The concentration profile of function component in the propellant was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Microspectroscopy. The combustion performance of the propellant was investigated by means of closed-bomb test and interior ballistic test. The barrel erosion was characterized by erosion tube test. It is found that the curve of nitroglycerine concentration is just like a parabola along the radius and the polymer ester concentration in the near surface of propellant decreases exponentially from the surface inwards. Compared with the single base gun propellant, the modified single base gun propellant burns more progressively and the value of Pr increases from 0.097 to 0.424. The interior ballistic performance for this propellant charge is improved obviously. The muzzle velocity increases by 5.0% from 886.6 m/s to 931.3 m/s. The modified single base gun propellant has the characteristic of low temperature sensitivity and the barrel erosion of this propellant decreases by 26.6% at least. The modified single base gun propellant has the advantages of higher muzzle velocity, higher combustion progressivity, low erosion and low temperature sensitivity.

This paper presented a study on the reaction kinetics of magnesium sulfite catalyzed by Catalyst TR. Used a Lib-scale Plexiglas reactor aerated by air compressors to research the oxidation process Influence by pH, catalyst concentration, aeration quantity, temperature, time, sulfate concentration. Through experiment concluded the activation energy, got the formula between reaction rate and sulfate concentration.

The transport characteristics of cut tobacco as a typical biological wet slender particle were investigated in a pilot-scale rotary cylinder. Effect of solids and gas flow rate, moisture content of particles and rotating speed of cylinder was analyzed. The adaptability of the classical Friedman model for predicting average residence time of these type particles was also investigated. The result shows that the gas flow rate, moisture content of particles as well as rotating speed of cylinder have a significant influence on the axis transport velocity and forward step per cycle of cut tobacco in rotary cylinder. It’s difficult for Friedman model to accurately describe influence of gas flow rate and moisture content on transport of cut tobacco, which was associated with the particle characterize and influence of moisture content on the fluidity of particles.

For general damped linear systems with multiple eigenvalues, this study provides a practical step-by-step procedure of the high-order dynamic response analysis. The method derived in this study has clear physical concepts and is easily to be understood and mastered by engineering designers. Moreover, a numerical example is used to analyze the correctness and the effectiveness of the new method by comparing the calculation results with the theory solution.

Public facilities are the basis of urban public space, and public facilities are core parts of emergency shelters. It is important that the design of rescue facilities focuses on relief efforts. This article analyzes the present situation and raises questions about the study on the design of public facilities in emergency shelters, then applies theory related to design semiotics, cites examples, and suggests improvements on the usability and completeness of public facilities in emergency shelters. Facilities design in emergency shelters provides the theoretical foundation to make rescue system of emergency shelter more effective in the future.

In this study, the effects of microwave radiation intensity, initial moisture content and thickness on the properties of temperature development in Siberian Elm wood samples during the microwave drying have been investigated using a tailor made microwave drying equipment. The results show that with the increase of microwave radiation intensity and a decrease in initial moisture content and thickness, both the temperature and its rate of increase in wood rise rapidly. In the microwave drying, the temperature development curve presented three stages of variation: a sharp increase in temperature − a constant temperature − a slow warm-up.

Since the present researches on pollution control for textile printing & dyeing industry are mainly focused on qualitative description up to now, instead of special quantitative analysis, based on the census data of pollution sources, this paper adopts literature collection method and single-factor variance components method for continuous variables to identify the factors influencing cost for pollution control, and then establishes a function of investment and operation cost for textile printing & dyeing industry by MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) method on the basis of normal distributional hypothesis, so as to calculate pollution control cost for the textile industry and provide a quantitative basis for pollution control of the textile printing & dyeing industry. The research result shows that nature of enterprise, pollution-control method, regional distribution and industry type are all important factors which influence cost control of textile industry, there are significant variations of pollution control cost for textile industry between among different regions, treatment processes, or industry types.

In this paper, Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L) which was regarded as our research object was measured with the technology of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) before and after being treated with microwave at different periods of time. By comparing the spin - spin relaxation time of hydrogen nuclear (T2) which can reflect the mobility of water molecules, the states and changes of the moisture distribution within the wood in the process of microwave treatment have been analyzed. The results indicate that in the initial stage of drying, the degree of the decline in bound water is greater than that in free water, for there may be a process of the transformation from bound water to free water; With the drying going on, the movement and expulsion mainly happen to free water above the fiber saturation point (FSP); In the later stage of drying, when the moisture content decreases near the FSP, bound water has also begun moving significantly on the expulsion of plenty of free water. In the final stage of drying, the decrease of hydrogen bonds in water molecules resulting from a plentiful reduction in free water, as well as the increased permeability within the wood caused by the microwave drying makes the relaxation time of free water to rise up.

During the liver intervention surgery, the excellent doctor with the help of CT image need puncture the patient several times to find the correct tumor position. Thus, the pain increases for the patient. For the problem a low-cost auxiliary robot system with the help of virtual reality technology for liver invasion surgery is introduced. The auxiliary arm can indicate the punctuation path for doctor and the virtual reality system can find the difference between the planning path of simulation and actual indication path of robot. Then the error can be compensated by modifying and updating the simulation model. Thus the system based on virtual reality is more accuracy and more effective.

From 1997 to 2009, altogether 48059 pieces of literature on bioinformatics are extracted in SCI-Expended. Amongst them, 2853 pieces could be attributed to Chinese scholars. With NoteExpress, software that manages documents, the 48059 pieces of literature in the past 13 years were sorted using bibliometrical method. The main aim is to compare and assess the practices of bioinformatics research in China. This study examined the growth of the bioinformatics literature, in the world. The rank list was given according to different country. China’s total publication output comprises 2853 papers during the 13 years between 1997 and 2009 which was equivalent to 5.94% of the world output during the same period, and ranked the 4th. The year production and citations of papers on bioinformatics in 5 Asian countries and Taiwan district between 1997 and 2009 was compared. This study will provide general insights of bioinformatics research in China.

In order to study the relationship between strains and corrosion levels of prestressed concrete beams uder fatigue loading, accelerated corrosion method is used to make various corrosion rates of prestressed steel strands. The beams have the same designs and submitted to the same maximum and minimum load during the test. With the corrosion level as main parameter, strains at different position of the beams, such as non-prestressed steel strain, concrete strain in compressive region at mid-span and prestressed steel strain are studied. The test results show that beams with different corrosion rates have the same “three-stage“ law on the development of non-prestressed steel maximum and residual strain,as well as concrete strain and prestress strain. The significant increase of concrete strain is generated due to corrosion after concrete cracking.The increase of non-prestressed steel strain is nearly proportional to the growth of corrosion under the same fatigue load. A relationship was found to be a function. It can be obtained the corrosion rate of prestressed steel when the stress of non-prestressed steel strains are measured.

Fatigue behaviors of prestressed concrete beams with different corrosion level are investigated in a series of bonded post-tensioned T-beams. The beams have the same designs and submitted to the same maximum and minimum load during the test. Accelerated corrosion method is used to make various corrosion rates of prestressed steel strands. With the corrosion level as main parameter, such as failure mode, fatigue life, mid-span deflection development, stiffness loss, stress expansion, are studied. The test results show that failure mode is changed fracture of non-prestressed steel bar into prestressed steel strand breaking with the increase of corrosion level. Corrosion reduces fatigue life and stiffness of beams, increase deflection and stress range of non-prestressed steel bar.

Rectorite (REC), humic acid (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used to prepare microspheres. Batch adsorption experiments of Pb2+ion on to the microspheres were performed. The results obtained indicate that adsorption time, the microspheres dosage and temperature were the main factors influencing the adsorptive capacities. The adsorption data for Pb2+ion were well described by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. The kinetic experimental data properly correlated with the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and Elovich equation. The adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and out-of-order. The whole adsorption process is mainly controlled by entropies. The adsorption can be classified as chemical adsorption. The mechanisms for the adsorption of Pb2+ion on to the microspheres involved ion-exchange adsorption of Pb2+or the formation of complex compound. Under the experimental conditions employed, the removal of Pb2+ion attained value of 96.05%.

This paper addresses several key issues in the design of the mapping tool used for the FPGA application implementation in our SRAM-based FPGAs fabricated in a 0.5 micron SOI-CMOS process, with particular emphasis on FPGA architecture interrelated mapping step and packing method for CAD tool. Considering the routability and testability of the FPGA and the CAD tool, the algorithm combines the FPGA structure with the object netlist, mapping the basic elements into basic building blocks in order to reduce the resource usage. The result is proven in extensive test circuits used in our FPGA design.

In designing an FPGA based on a 0.5 micron SOI-CMOS technology we experienced a crucial task of providing a robust programmable interconnection network to drive long-line and global signals through the entire chip. The performance and signal integrity of these signals are challenged by the variation in the process as well as the signal driving condition of the individual mapped circuits. In this paper, we focus on the design of an efficient long-line signal interconnect network targeting for high speed and low power consumption of the circuit operation in a tile-based FPGA. The design and verification of the long-line with booster in the channels and the clock network circuitry are described in details. The comparison of the simulation and measured signal timing data is reported.

An approach for detecting open and short faults on the interconnect wires of a multi-FPGA system will be presented in this paper. In a multi-FPGA system with N interconnects, this approach can detect whether and where an open fault occurs by executing the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG EXTEST instruction once. To detect a single short fault, on the other hand, needs execution of times where . If multiple short connections exist, this approach will only detect the first short fault. The test time is thus greatly reduced for finding a single short fault per chip. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach can be easily implemented and determines accurate locations of the open/short faults.

Magnetic fluid was invested in 20thcn 60s, and nowadays, it is used as an effective way for mechanical seal. This paper follows the seal requirements of stirred reactor rotating axis, analyzes the applicability for its seal condition. Meanwhile, in this paper the magnetic field is calculated by numerical simulation, the free boundary of magnetic fluid is analyzed in conditions of static seal and dynamic seal. The boundary analysis for magnetic fluid seal can directly show its position, when the boundary of magnetic fluid moves to the lower extreme of pole teeth, it can be considered the seal is invalid. This is a simple way to supervise the magnetic fluid seal.

This study describes a new method to treat acid mine wastewater containing high amounts of heavy metals and sulfate by biotechnology. Sulfate reducing Bacteria (SRB) was inoculated in an up-flow multiple bed bioreactor treating practical wastewater. In addition to precipitation processes, water purification was also possible with the metabolism process of microorganisms. Iron dust was added to the system to enhance the activity of SRB and ensure the treatment efficiency. The results indicates that treating acid mining drainage using SRB and iron at room temperature (20°C~25°C) is possible, the reduction rate of sulfate is up to 61%, pH of wastewater raises from 2.75 to 6.2 and the copper concentration of effluent is less than 0.2 mg/L.

To achieve success in the marketplace, human factors play an important role in product development. In this paper a design strategy considering anthropometric variability for different demographic data was put forward. With the aid of parametric technology of Computed Aided Design (CAD), concept model of products was initialized. Detailed parameters of products were configured according to the anthropometric information based on measurement of customers’. Multiple linear regression were used to model the relation between the product comfort and design variables, thus the sizes of products could adapt to specific customers of certain age, height and gender. A children’s scooter was demonstrated as a case to validate this strategy. A three dimension parametric model of a scooter was built first, the parameters concerned with human factors were determined according to the knowledge of anthropometry.