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Volcanic rocks of Yixian Formation were widely distributed in western Liaoning. The Yixian volcanic cycle of early Cretaceous in the Chaoyang basin can be divided into two subcycles. The first subcycle is composed of basalt, basalt andesite and andesite. The second subcycle is composed of trachyandensite and trachyte. The volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O, and comparatively low TiO2 components. The volcanic rocks are obviously enriched in incompatible elements, and depleted in compatible elements. The ∑REE of volcanic rocks is high and rich in LREE. The spider patterns are the right-incline, there is a slight low Eu negative abnormality and low Ce negative abnormality. The characteristics show that volcanic rocks of Yixian Formation belong to the high-K calc-alkaline magmatic serious. Comprehensive study shows that the volcanic rocks of Yixian Formation were generated in response to lithosphere extension in the continent intraplate orogenic belt.

In order to study out the incidence relationship among security, efficiency and adequacy of Electrical Power Grid, a novel analyze model considering grid evolution and a relationship evaluation method is proposed in this paper. The model incorporates in fast dynamic and slow evolution. The former is based on an improved OPA model with low frequency load shedding control and the outage risk calculation. The latter is consists of increasing load, up-grading and constructing equipments including power plants, transformers and transmission lines, Using the model simulation the power grid development process. Based on the model, the customer outage risk caused by cascading failure is obtained in several times, the efficiency index and grid scale index are solved at the same times, these data are the basic data for analyze the incidence relationship among the security, efficiency and adequacy of electrical power grid. In this paper, the power grid of Kaifeng City in Henan Province, of China is used to simulate the evolution. The results show that the relationship among the security, efficiency and adequacy of grid is as exponential function, and a reasonable range of efficiency and adequacy of grid are proposed.

With the power system of China continuous expanding recently, the electric power generation, transmission and supply capacity increased dramatically. In order to improve economic operational efficiency and realize scientific development, the Input-Output efficiency between the input of the power system facilities and the output of the power supply becomes a critical issue that government, business and academia have to face up to. In this paper, we used the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model and tested the Input-Output efficiency of power system development and study the trend of important development segment. The relative efficiency of power system is closely related to the electricity management system and economic situation, the elements of reduce the efficiency were been found out by analyzing the DEA results. And a series of suggestions were proposed to increase the comprehensive efficiency.

The Hannuoba basalts from Chifeng region, Inner Mongolia, are continental flood basalt, produced by fissure-t type volcanism in the Miocene. The basalts chemically belong to the tholeiitic series. On the whole, the petrologic compositions are homogeneous. The basalts is characterized by Al2O3 = 11.5%~13.0%, Na2O> K2O and TiO2=1.93~3.29%, chemically belong to the calc-alkaline series with low K2O, which are the agpaitic type; The total amounts of REE of Hannuoba basalts are lower and rich in LREE. There is a weak Eu negative anomaly and weak Ce negative anomaly. The basalts are obviously enriched in incompatible elements (K, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba, LREE etc.), and depleted in high field-strength element (U,HREE) as well as compatible elements (Co, Ni, Cr etc.).Comprehensive studies have shown that Hannuoba basalts erupted in a stable setting within continental plate and controlled by deep fracture crossed mantle, belonging to continental rift basalt.

With the quick development of economy, increase o f population and urbanization, urban water security becomes a limited factor to fulfill the urban sustainable development. Qinhuangdao is a water shortage of resources and pollution-induced water shortage city. Under the major background of global warming, the climate of Qinhuangdao becoming warmer and drier in recent years, the precipitation has decreased correspondingly. The rivers runoff reduces obviously and the level of the groundwater drops. The quantity of usable water resource is reduced significantly. Impacted by the urbanization, social-economic development and rapid population growth, the demand of water resource increases continuously. The security situation of water resource in Qinhuangdao is becoming more severe. Through analyzing the water resource situation, existing issues and reasons in Qinhuangdao city, the author proposed regulating approaches to ensure safety of water resources.

The lean burn technology has been paid attention recently by more and more people because the economics and emission of the gasoline engine can been improved extensively by lean burn technology. However, the reduction of NOx emission is quite small because of the rich oxygen. The different combination schemes of NOx adsorber and Three Way Catalyst were adopted in this paper and experiments of reduction NOx emission have been studied in an modified EFI 16 valves lean burn gasoline engine . The experiment results show that the scheme of the position of Three Way Catalyst is before the NOx adsorber Catalyst was the best scheme of reduction NOx emission in lean burn gasoline engine.

Environmental resources for sustainable development have become the subject of today's time. Domestic sustainable energy strategy is derived from analysis low-carbon. Low-carbon energy use is closely related to the state, the context of the low carbon sustainable development will be a good validation.

Technology of reducing the recoil force by jet gas is a new effective technology to reduce recoil in recent years. In order to understand deeply the influence of Laval nozzles structure to achieve low recoil force on auto-weapon, two-phase flow model was developed and a machine gun as the experiment object was used for numerical analogy, analogy the influence of the efficiency of recoil reduction about nozzle angle and nozzle length, etc.

In this paper, the Fe-9Si-6Al soft magnetic composite has been prepared via powder particles coated with aluminum oxide and silicone. The magnetic properties and microstructure of Fe-Si-Al SMC has been investigated. Results showed that the powder particles surface contained a thin insulating layer made of aluminum oxide and silicone. After annealed at 800°C for 60min, the particles of component are all by themselves and the insulating layer is not destroyed. The Fe-Si-Al SMC has excellent magnetic properties. The magnetic permeability is steady with the frequency changing at 5kHz-100kHz range.

Nowadays, composite material is more and more popular mainly because of its low density and high strength. This paper focuses on experimental research of coarse milling process of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite (C/C composite) in low spindle speed and large milling depth. The milling force prediction model for milling of composite using the end milling cutter is built by orthogonal experiment. Experiment test shows that the results predicted by the proposed model are in well agreement with measured ones and the milling force increases with the increment of feed per tooth, milling depth and milling width, and the effect of milling speed on milling force is not very obvious. In addition, machining accuracy and quality of machined surface is difficult to satisfactory, because of the existence of the substrate lacunas and carbon fibers in C/C composite, by using the existing ordinary material surface integrity evaluation method.

Along with the development of high speed machining technology, the ball end milling cutter’s application is more and more widely. An influence of four control parameters, namely feed, cutting depth, spindle speed and cutting width, on cutting forces is investigated. This paper focuses on experimental research of milling process of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite (C/C composite). The milling force prediction model for milling of composite using the carbide ball-end tools is built by orthogonal experiment. The experiment results show that : the reliability of the this prediction model is quite high, and the effect of milling speed on milling force is not very obvious, but the milling force increases with the increment of feed per tooth, milling depth and milling width. Using this information, a new prediction model for the milling forces is proposed that can be used for C/C composite milling.

Microwave heating method was used to synthesize (Ni0.5Zn0.5)Fe2O4 ferrite from a stoichiometric mixture of corresponding metal oxides powders. The structural, chemical and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite was determined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Results showed that the material was spinel structure with a high purity with an estimated crystallite size of ∼30nm by X-ray line profile fitting. The sample systhetized by microwave energy at 860°C for 30min has magnetic properties of intrinsic coercivity 55.94G and saturation magnetization 19.43 emu/g. Compared with conventional burning method, microwave systhesis of NiZn ferrite is more efficient and reducing a lots of soaking time.

We present our findings of increased fracture toughness in high performance Sm2Co17-type magnet. The new Sm(Co 0.65 Fe 0.24 Cu 0.08 Zr 0.03)7.6magnet exhibits remanence of 11.13 kGs, maximum energy of 30.2 MGOe. This magnet shows not only a superhigh fracture toughness of 5.56 MPa m 1/2 but also distinguished yielding combined with an enhanced plastic plateau of 30 % to failure. It has been found that debonding, crack deflection, crac k branching and bridging are the major toughening mechanisms for the observed high toughness and long yield plateau. Long and straight screw dislocations observed in Sm rich precipitates accelerate the debonding of Sm rich grains.

In order to reveal the deformation and failure mechanism of coals, the evolution of coal’s inner structures should be discovered and studied. A serial of coal specimen collected from 600m deep underground mine were scanned by a μCT system before and after conventional triaxial compression testing respectively. All the CT images were enhanced by some digital image processing techniques and then collected together to reconstructed 3D models by self-developed software. The stress-strain curves of coals at different confining pressure were obtained, and correspondingly the evolution of the inner structure of coals were well presented by enhanced CT images. Experimental results indicate that the strength of coal agrees well to linear Mohr-Coulomb Criterion. CT images show that more cracks occurs with the increasing confining pressure. It was inferred that the damage become more severe with increasing confining pressure and cause the variation of failure from ductile style at low confining pressure to brittle style at high confining pressure.

A power system on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was chosen for research. On the basis of analysis of characteristic parameters of motor on system, the hybrid system’ dynamics characteristic under electro-mechanical coupling was completely studied. The vibration of hybrid power system was qualitatively studied on theory and experiments when motor were under two different kinds of mode from electricity to push, and two results were consistent with each other well.

The Zhangjiakou Formation of Late Jurassic is mainly distributed in the Chaoyang basin in Western Liaoning. Zhangjiakou volcanic cycle may be divided into three subcycles. The volcanic rocks of Zhangjiakou Formation mainly consist of rhyolites, trachyte and trachyandesites. The volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O, and comparatively low MgO and TiO2 components. σ=1.76-4.34, the average value is 2.59. Chemical composition of volcanic rocks indicates that they belong to the high-K calc-alkaline magmatic serious. The volcanic rocks are obviously enriched in incompatible elements (K, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba, Pb, Li), and depleted in compatible elements (Ti, Co, Ni, Cr, V).The volcanic rocks is rich in LREE. The spider patterns are the right-incline. There is a slight low Eu negative abnormality and low Ce negative abnormality. The geochemistry characteristic shows that volcanic rocks of Zhangjiakou volcanic cycle were formed in the transitional environment of compressional orogeny and extensional structure. They have the basic characteristics of continental intra-plate volcanic rocks. The volcanic rocks were mainly derived from the crust materials. The lithogenesis take partial melting as a major part.

In this paper, the pure chitin fiber spunlace nonwoven was made from raw material chitin 100 fiber, and its processing technique was improved from traditional one. The performance comparison tests under different processes and traditional process were conducted, test results showed that pure chitin fiber spunlace nonwoven made under improved process studied in this paper had better mechanical properties and fabric quality.

A contrast test was done about the service performance of commercial emulsion II and water miscible rolling lubricant J4 with polyethylene glycol. The test results were given to have analysed them in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, simulating annealing, resistance of putrefy, rust protection etc. From the rolling mill in the lab, at the same depress ratio, the pressure reduce 3.85kN using J4 than using II, and the rolling power reduce 0.04kW using J4 than using II. By four-ball tester, the maximum load PB of J4 is 932N, the friction is 0.0518, and the wear diameter is 0.47mm. Water miscible rolling lubricant J4 is notable in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, annealing, resistance of putrefy and rust protection. The results may offer the reference for further optimization on water miscible rolling lubricant.

Based on the parallel bonding mechanism of IC chip die designed, the static stiffness model is established. Static stiffness characteristic curves are drawn in whole working place through Matlab software, the infection which created by the left/right driving parts and connecting rods are analyzed. It proves that the parallel bonding mechanism designed meets the working requirements of IC chip die by these characteristic curves.

A contrast test was done about the service performance of commercial emulsion II and water miscible rolling lubricant J4 with polyethylene glycol. The test results were given to have analysed them in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, simulating annealing, resistance of putrefy, rust protection etc. From the rolling mill in the lab, at the same depress ratio, the pressure reduce 3.85kN using J4 than using II, and the rolling power reduce 0.04kW using J4 than using II. By four-ball tester, the maximum load PB of J4 is 932N, the friction is 0.0518, and the wear diameter is 0.47mm. Water miscible rolling lubricant J4 is notable in lubrication, extreme pressure performance, annealing, resistance of putrefy and rust protection. The results may offer the reference for further optimization on water miscible rolling lubricant.

This paper introduces the general temperature data processing procedure which stems from the thermocouple.On the base of summing up exsiting methods,the problem is detailed studied on how to select the special points of thermocouple.And a system is designed to collecting multichannel temperature data.By means of analysing the data,the mathematical model of thermocouple is founded. Proved by experiments, this method increases the temperature measurement precision and fits to actual request,which is wide rang with high pricise.

To study the transmutation of organization and texture on direct annealing process of hot-rolled plate. Different annealing experiments were done in the lab. The annealed samples are from steel grade of SPHC. To check the organization of the annealed samples by optical microscopy, to measure grain size by Micro-image Analysis & process software. To measure the mechanical properties by the room temperature tensile test. To check AlN by TEM and EDX.To measure texture by texture measuring instrument, and the data was collected on a computer, using two-step calculation of ODF, measured with constant 45° section of graph. When annealing temperature of the samples reaches 875 °C or more, a relatively low strength , high n value, and high r value is received, but if the holding time is longer, grain coarsening occurs at the time,so the annealing temperature is not more than 925°C.When annealing temperature reaches 875 °C, AlN increased slightly, and the texture is not obvious.

Dynamic performance is one of the most important factors in the product’s life. Transmission housing is one of the important components in vehicle, which has direct influence on the vehicle’s powertrain performance. Dynamic topology optimization can improve the product’s performance. The dynamic topology model is built, in which the density of elements are the design variables, the displacement of frequency response and volume are the constraints, and the objective is to maximize the first natural frequency of the housing. According to the result of optimization, the CAD model of housing is rebuilt and the finite element analysis of the new housing is done.The results show that both the static and dynamic performance are improved besides the mass reduction, namely, dynamic topology optimization can significantly improve the product’s performance.

As a kind of optical approach to measure full field deformation with the properties of non-contact, Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM) has been adopted widely with the development of computer technology. The deformation of concrete under external loads is usually uneven and thus it should be characterized by full filed measurement so as to obtain accurate results. It should be effective for engineering to monitor the deformation of concrete by using digital speckle correlation method, and such monitoring is helpful to study the law of uneven deformation of concrete and discover its damage characteristics. The images of the surface of concrete specimens at the different stress were captured and recorded with a high-resolution CCD camera during uniaxial compression process. An own software was developed to analyze these images by DSCM. The nature texture of the specimen surface were searched and matched in different images, therefore the displacement field and the strain field of the surface of concrete specimens were calculated out. Experimental studies have shown that digital speckle correlation method can be well used to calculate the accurate deformation of concrete just through a direct photograph of concrete surface under different loads.

Based on the principle of a screw seal, a new type of seal consisting of a series of screw seals was developed and named as an axial pumping baffle seal. A theoretical analysis model was presented for such a seal which was developed to be used in nuclear coolant pumps. The feasibility of sealing high-pressure medium for such a seal had been proved. The variation of leakage rate and pressure distribution between a tooth and a sleeve with the number of seal stages and the geometrical parameters of screws was studied. The sealing mechanism was presented. The results showed that such a new seal maybe replace the first stage seal of a series mechanical seal used in a nuclear pump. When the number of screw seals is about 9, the reliability is ensured by the cooperation of the “attack” of the screw seal and the “defense” of the 180° sharp back bend.

Unidirectional solidification is a method of producing slab ingot for special heavy plate, when compression radio is more than 2.5, internal soundness of slab ingot is assurance, and the nature of Z orientation and percent of pass through supersonic flaw detecting are increased. Products are used in oil drilling platform in ocean ,separator of steam turbo-alternator with more than 0.6 million kW, anchor gate of large-scale hydropower station, shell of nuclear power plant, armoured plate of aircraft carrier. According to dissection on 28t large-sized slab ingot, simulation experiment of crystal, and analogy calculation of heat transfer and coagulation with CFX software, histology features and key to manufacturing technology of large-size unidirectional solidification slab ingot were mastered.

The use of hot strip steel instead of part of cold strip steel in making automobile inner board has been considered for cost reduction of materials. To analyse formability of hot strip steel with the thickness of 1.6mm and 2.0mm in making automobile right-hand front rail，a systematic study was made by means of numerical simulation of stamping and stamping experiments in reality.A 3-dimensional finite element model was built to analyse the thinning, major strain, effective strain, effective stress and formability of hot strip steel.The simulative results indicated that two sizes of hot strip steel could deform well. The simulative results were compared with the experimental ones, and good consistency was observed.It is a helpful exploration to apply hot strip steel in making automobile inner board, and to apply numerical simulation of stamping in actual production.