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A Markov chain can be fully determined by the statistical properties of its initial stateand the transfer probability matrix. According to this clue, the authors make a metrological testing model on the customer value and its formation characteristics, and then find that the customer value metrological testing model on Markov chain can well illustrate the characteristics of a corporate customers’ value.

In wall-column structural system of electrostatic precipitator casing, wall will share the load with column and provide lateral bracing support when the load is applied on the column .Then the wall panel exert the stressed skin effect, which will influence its load bearing capacity. By nonlinear finite element method, when wall panel exerts stressed skin effect, whether the effect will influence the wall bearing capacity is investigated as well as the failure mode. The relationship is analyzed between the loading level onto column, panel thickness, loading form onto wall and the affecting degree on the bearing capacity of wall panel. The computation results indicate that the bearing capacity of wall panel is lower when it exerts the stressed skin effect. When the wall is thin, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity resulting from stressed skin effect is slightly affected by loading level onto column. When the wall is thicker, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity increases apparently as the loading level onto column increases. For a certain loading level onto column, compared with the locally loaded wall panel, the impact on load bearing capacity is greater for the globally loaded wall panel. Research work has reference value for the calculation and design of enclosure structures of electrostatic precipitator casing.

An ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([Bmim]OH) was grafted on silica gel by post-grafting method. Such grafted ionic liquids (GILs) which were verified by means of FTIR, element analysis N2adsorption-desorption and TG could be used as highly effective heterogeneous catalysts toward propylene carbonate synthesis through cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide under solventless and mild conditions.

The group customer line service has become one of the key businesses for communication operators, and the line PTN technology development currency, the PTN technology application, and the development trend are researched. According to the PTN technology and client group line error correction algorithm, the multi granularity hash correction algorithm is used for data video aware, and when the PTN data is changed fast, the fuzzy block effect happened. The customer line service performance is bad. An improved group customer line correction algorithm is proposed based on PTN technology. The hidden Markov model is used for packet loss rate prediction, and the multiple steps are selected in random, and the data stream iteration algorithm is designed. The tamper detection algorithm is obtained. PTN technology group customer line correction is realized. Simulation results show that the new method can reduce error transmission rate of the PTN group customer line, the customer loss and delay of the data transmission can be controlled, and the peak signal to noise ratio is improved, the error correction performance is better, and it can be effectively applied to communications operator service.

In a wetted-wall column of pilot-scale sulphur dioxide removal efficiencies were measured at 20°C and atmospheric pressure with aqueous ammonia solutions as the scrubbing liquid for different sulphur dioxide inlet concentration in the range of 1000-3000 mg/m3. A mathematical model with the effects of a chemical enhancement factor and sulfite concentration in the liquid phase developed to interpret laboratory experiments was adapted and the calculated values were in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. It appears that this model can provide good predictions of the absorption performances of industrial columns and be helpful to design scrubbers for SO2 abatement with aqueous ammonia solutions.

As the physical meaning of components are different in feature vector, this paper presents a weight query vector based on QPM to represent the user’s true intention more properly, and then proposes two RF frameworks to learn the weights for positives and negatives in the feedback process of CBIR by PSO. Experiments were conducted to validate the proposed frameworks based on color histogram weight-vector. The proposed frameworks were compared and outperformed four other relevance feedback methods regarding their efficiency and effectiveness, thanks to the fact that they can make full use of the features’ different importance.

The idea of Automatic Reverse Engineering was brought forward, which reduced the requirements of modeling experience, constructed surface more efficient and especially got a more accuracy model. Its main idea was converting triangular meshes which could be easily got automatically and could express arbitrarily complex models into quadrilateral meshes.The concept of reverse engineering, reverse design process and reverse analysis were introduced in this paper, which has been used in teaching practice of mechanical design specialized curriculum, the students will be guided to apply the automatic method of reverse design to the innovation design of product by motorcycle as an example.

Since Menggulin reservoir fully been developed in1990, profile control technique is widely used for improving water swept volume. After multiple rounds and large-scales of polymer flooding by materials mixed with sol-gel and Yellow River clay, the formation damage such as depth blockage and stemming become more and more serious.According to statistics, in 2012 there are respectively 10 and 11 water injection wells happened with back flow of profile control agent and wells pressure higher than fracture pressure that without injection. The original reservoir permeability is good, and individual well production has the capacity of 40 to 50m3/d. Yet recently several oil wells almost have fewer even no liquid output due to the blockage and stemming. Estimated by a typical well group,the speed of sol-gel drive increased from 10 m/year to 50~60 m/year, and average water injection pressure were up to 16MPa which almost double original pressure while the only 2MPa pressure corresponding to oil wells. Hence, it show that the severe depth blockage of the formation exactly exit in Menggulin reservoir.

In view of rapid water cut increasing and poor oil recovery with banded distribution with high permeability belt in sandstone reservoir of Huabei Oilfield,the electrical bridge technique for water shut-off is proposed. Based on years practice of vertical wells and similarity in Ohms and Darcys laws,the electrical model involved variable resistors series/parallel instead of reservoir distribution,the arm-bridge circuit combined with signal detection. Then response of the circuit by variable water shut-off could be simulated. The results indicated that,the driving pressure and seepage quantity at mid-low permeability channel could be greatly improved by the strong in-depth water-plugging at high permeability channel (L=20~40m),and the low permeability flowrate increased to a maximum of 55.3%. Then the gel dam in-depth fluid diversion technique was verified by water plugging and circuit simulation. The conclusions provided a valuable guidance for horizontal wells development enhanced.

Heterogeneity, Permeability ratio, Selective water plugging agent, Oil-soluble resin Abstract. In view of high heterogeneity and complicated oil-water relation of fault block oil reservoirs, conventional technology of water plugging and profile controlling cannot well adapt to it. An oil-in-water emulsion for selective water plugging was designed by using emulsified heavy oil for reference and the aim was to improve the injection ability and plugging strength. The single core flooding results indicated that its breakthrough pressure gradient >26MPa/m,water plugging rate >97% after water flooding for 100 pore-volume. The parallels core flooding results indicated that it has good water flooding endurance than emulsified heavy oil, and can be used to the selective water plugging and profile controlling of heavy heterogeneous layers with the permeability ratio is no less than 7. Field application is successful.

Gold ore is processed by all-sliming cyanidation CIP (carbon in pulp) at a gold mine in Gansu province of China. The leaching residue (tailing) Au grade is about 0.52 g/t, which is much valuable to be recovered. Mineralogical analysis shows that the loss of gold in leaching residue is mainly organic carbon adsorption gold and inclusion gold, accounting for 45.55% and 54.45% respectively. The inclusion gold is mostly wrapped by gangue and metallic mineral separately, accounting for 35.56% and 18.89%. Excluding the gold in gangue, both the gold adsorbed by organic carbon and wrapped in metallic mineral could be recycled by flotation process. Study has been carried out for recovering gold in cyanide residue by solely column flotation apparatus. During the semi-industrial test, B and E type sparger were adopted in flotation columns to evaluate their influence on process performance. To further improve metallurgy technology the ultrasonic device was introduced into flotation column tank. The results showed that ultrasonic pretreatment is negative influence, and the E type sparger is better than B type sparger. The concentrate Au grade is up to 10.14g/t, and34.3% of Au lost in tailing was recovered while feed grade being 0.52g/t. The column flotation process was proven being a proper way to recycle gold from the tailing of all-sliming cyanidation CIP.

In this paper, generation and harm of SO2are described. Cansolv SO2Scrubbing, a regenerated amine process, is mainly described with respects to its process principle, features and application. This paper analyzed the existing problems such as corrosion , crystallization and loss of amine. Prevention measures were proposed according to the monitoring data, analysis and research.

To explore the distribution of gross agricultural production (GPA) is significant to the sustainable development of tropical agricultural growth. Taking Hainan Island as the study area, the spatial distribution and influence factors of GPA were elucidated by applying the GIS spatial analysis tools and factor analysis. The results showed that the distribution of Hainan GAP was uneven. The uneven distribution of GAP in counties was mainly caused by the variation of agricultural structure. The GPA was mainly determined by SAV, NEPA, and SAG. The distribution characters of Factor 1 was similar with the distribution of GAP in study area, and some agricultural planning can be made to improve the GAP of middle Hainan area, ie, increasing the sown area of vegetables and labor force input.

This work presents a numerical study on airflow and particle dispersion within an urban street canyon with different wedge-shaped roof. A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for evaluating the airflow and particles dispersion within a street canyon was built up, which was based on the incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, turbulence model and the particles transportation equation. It is revealed that: (1) particles dispersion inside an urban street canyon is mostly dominated by the in-canyon wind flow; (2) different wedge-shaped roof configurations causes a variety of particles distribution patterns; (3) air pollution levels are much higher in the step-down canyons relative to the step-up canyons; (4) the simulated result of FLUENT is reasonable, and the prospect of applying FLUENT to study atmospheric environment is very well. Key words: CFD; street canyon; particle dispersion; numerical simulation

For long distance oil and gas pipeline system has the characteristics of high accident rate tending to happen in personnel job activity, this paper expounds the necessity and application steps of HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Analysis) analysis for long-distance pipeline system key operation procedure (SOP). The HAZAOP analysis of deviation, causes of deviation, consequences, existing control measures and recommending measures, make the key operating procedure safer, and also contributes to the improvement of the oil and gas pipeline system safety and fitness between operating procedures and hardware facilities. The results of application examples show that HAZOP is able to identify key operating procedure loopholes, helps enterprises optimize key operating procedures, improves the hardware facilities, and has an important role to improve the security of the key operation of oil and gas pipelines.

To investigate the diffusion of water, Na+ and Cl- in the MFI membrane system (Si/Al = 191), the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method and the followed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to predict the water absorption into aluminosilicate zeolite structure under various conditions of pressure and to determine the water and ions diffusion in the MFI membrane at different concentrations. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature: as the separation proceeds, the salt ions concentration increase in the MFI membrane, and the diffusion coefficient of the water and salt ions decline.

The dissolution process of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene in amorphous polyethylene (PE) membrane was studied in this paper, and the solubility coefficients of the above organic molecules were analyzed and calculated by molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed: the solubility coefficient decreased with increasing molecular weights of organic molecules in the same temperature, and it also decreased with increasing temperature for the same organic molecule. Distribution of density field and energy field for organic molecules in PE were obtained. From the density distribution, the concentrated adsorbed area of the three kinds of molecules is clearly seen, which located at the more loose place in polyethylene membrane. From the energy distribution, it showed thehot spots of the organic molecules, which were the location that the organic molecules were most easily absorbed. The adsorption capacities of benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene in polyethylene membrane decreased in turn.

Permeability cannot be directly predicted from porosity by using a single function in tight sandstones reservoirs due to the extreme heterogeneity. The hydraulic flow unit (HFU) approach and classification scale method (CSM) are available in permeability prediction, while they are all significant time-consuming. In this paper, based on the analysis of the proposed data sets of lab NMR experimental measurements by Xiao et al. (2012; 2013), the applicability of the classical SDR (Schlumberger Doll Research) and Timur-Coates models, which are used to estimate permeability from NMR logging is analyzed. A field example shows that the Timur-Coates model is valuable in tight sandstone permeability estimation once the involved input parameter of irreducible water saturation (Swi) can be accurately calculated without acquiring T2cutoff. While the SDR model is not available because the effects of hydrocarbon to NMR spectra cannot be removed.

Due to the interaction of structure and acoustic cavity, the frequency and mode shapes of the structure and acoustic cavity are different from their natural mode. To perform the dynamic characteristic of the passenger car more accurately, a structural-acoustic coupling model was established to analysis its modes. The result is benefit for the later optimal design of acoustic.

This paper, first of all, demonstrates the comparison between simulated results and direct measurements of the absorbing performance of polymer wool. It is found that simulated results are statistically coincided well with experiment results. Secondly, this paper discusses the influence of Biot parameters on the absorbing performance of the polymer wool. Besides, the influencing rules of these factors on the absorbing performance of the polymer wool are analyzed as well. This has great significances to the application of the polymer wool on noise reduction in automobile.

In order to investigate the calculation ability of meshless method and calculation precision for lift and drag force coefficient based on N-S equations with S-A turbulence model and Euler equations, numerical simulation of flow field around the DLR-F4 wing-body, supplied by the AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop, is employed using meshless method. Furthermore, the calculated results are compared with experiment results and Waller’s simulation results achieved by MGAERO software. It’s found that the present simulation results without consideration of fluid viscosity don’t agree well with Waller’s and experimental results. The present simulation results with consideration of fluid viscosity were found to be in good agreement with experimental results. These results indicate that meshless method coupled with S-A turbulence model could predict the natural flow characteristic around the DLR-F4 wing-body configuration well.

There are more and more concerns of researchers on the spatial distribution of organic carbons. Accurate estimate of organic carbon stock of arable land soil is significant to cutting down release of carbons. The study, taking Hainan arable land as the study case, has analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of organic matters content of arable land soils in this area by applying GIS spatial analysis. The results indicate that for nearly three decades, the contents of soil organic matters decreased significantly in Hainan, and the effective measures should be taken to increase the contents of soil organic matters, i.e. increase application ratios of organic fertilizers. GIS raster calculation can identify the areas, of which the soil organic matters changed most significantly during the two periods.

Conducting regular inspections and measurements of power lines is an important way to ensure the stability and security of transmission line. For the problem of being poor reliability, poor flexibility and high cost, a power line measurement method based on vertical baseline photography is proposed and studied: Line patrol officers use portable vertical baseline stereo camera shooting in the outdoor field, and measure accurately in the stereo image taken in or after patrol. This paper describes the system design and technical methods, and analyzes the key technologies in the system calibration and measurement, and uses several sets of experiments to prove the accuracy and feasibility of this method.

The research on the distribution of soil nutrient contents in arable land regionally is the basis for the proper fertilization. The study, taking Hainan Island as the study area, analyzes the distribution and variation of soil nutrient contents in arable land spatially and temporally by applying GIS spatial analysis. As the study shows, from the 1980s to the year of 2005, the TN, TP, TK, and Available N contents in soil of arable land have declined to certain degree, while Available P and Available K kept increasing. Generally, the soil nutrients have declined in quality during last two decades but remain in a mediate level. Spatial analysis can reflect the distribution characteristics of the regional soil nutrient elements in an objective manner.

Magnetic suspension vibration isolators have attracted significant attention in the field of semiconductor industry and high precision equipments. However, it is impossible to levitate an object by only permanent magnet due to instability of permanent magnets. It needs a guide device or active control to hold the magnetic suspension passive vibration isolator (MSPVI) at equilibrium position. In order to overcome the instability of the permanent magnets, the linear bearing, rubber O-ring and rubber membrane are applied in the MSPVI. The transmissibility of the MSPVI was calculated and subsequently measured. The experimental results show that the MSPVI can achieve low natural frequency with the help of the rubber membrane which is superior to the linear bearing and o-ring. Beside, the vibration isolating performance of the MSPVI is measured. The experimental results reveal that the MSPVI achieves the lowest resonant frequency when the load capacity of the MSPVI reaches maximum value.

The distribution of soil nutrients and soil productivity of farmland in Ledong Li Autonomous County (Ledong County) are studied. By forming an indicator system for assessing farmland productivity, which includes three sub-goals of site conditions, soil physicochemical properties and soil profile configuration, and applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine the weight sum, the farmland productivities are estimated. The results indicate that soil nutrients and farmland productivity are in moderate level but unevenly distributed in each Town of Ledong County. The distribution of farmland productivity is closely related with topography and river distribution, where irrigations and slopes are main determining factors of uneven distributions of soil nutrients and farmland productivity in study area. Soil acidification of surface layers in tropical areas was significant in last 30 years. Ways to fertilize should be altered in order to prevent soil acidifications and improve its farmland productivity.

Construction of environment-friendly and resource-saving cultivation techniques is the key to sustainable development of agriculture and the ecological environment. In order to explore the efficient and ecological Hainan bitter gourd cultivation patterns, our laboratory had conducted production comparative study for two consecutive years (2010-2011) using Reyan No. 1 dark green bitter gourd. The results show that drip irrigation, balanced fertilization at different growth stages, bagging and the physical control of pest and disease are efficient and ecological cultivation measures of bitter gourd in Hainan.

This paper focuses on the cab of a heavy-duty truck. Lightweight design and structural improvements for the cab-in-white were carried out by using the topology optimization shape optimization and size optimization methods, and the weight was reduced by 46kg without changing the cab structural materials. Performed modal analysis of the lightweight cab, and then compared analysis results with those corresponding results of the original cab. Comparative analysis showed that the first ten natural vibration frequencies of the lightweight cab all have a certain increase compared with those of the original structure. On this basis the simulation analysis of the passive safety of the lightweight cab was performed. Besides a sample of the lightweight cab was developed, and tests on the passive safety of the lightweight cab were completed. Tests results validated that the passive safety of the lightweight cab met the requirements of ECE R29. Also the effectiveness of the cab structural lightweight design improvements and the simulation analysis of the passive safety was verified by tests.

Loudness which is one of the psycho-acoustic metrics is an important parameter in the model of sound quality objective evaluation. In this paper, based on two standards, two computational procedures of loudness were programmed and verified respectively, and these verified results showed that the two computational procedures are stable and reliable. Based on these characteristics of specific loudness curve, control strategy which selectively attenuates the peak values of specific loudness is proposed to solve the problem of active noise control inside vehicle. A computer simulation with this strategy is conducted and the changes of specific loudness and loudness before and after active noise control are analyzed. The results indicate that it is significant to reduce the peak values of specific loudness by using this control strategy, and then the reduction in loudness of noise is up to 1.5 sones.

Based on the finite element theory, the infinite plate containing hole is analyzed in the stretching circumstances. The maximum stress was regarded as a random output variable, when the plate length, the plate width, the plate thickness, the elastic modulus, uniform distribution of load and the diameter of the hole were randomized, and were considered as a random input variable. Supposed all input variables are normal distribution. After one hundred times Monto Carlo sampling is implemented, the reliability and sensitivity of infinite plate containing hole can be obtained.

A new anti-swelling agent was synthesized by polymerizing epichlorohydrin and dimethyl amine polymer. The swelling inhibition properties were investigated over clay and shale. It was found that the clay inhibition of swelling properties was greatly enhanced compared with common inorganic salts. However, to shale, the swelling properties did not inhibited efficiently by using prepared polymers. Furthermore, the influence of cross linking of polyammonium to the swelling ability of prepared polymer has been also carried out by using triethylenetetramine cross linking agent. In the case of shale, the swelling inhibit properties was improved after cross link, while opposite swelling effect was observed over clay.

ZnO-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxides containing zinc and iron within the brucite-like layers and carbonate as the interlayer anion, then the hydrotalcite precursor and mixed oxides were characterized by ICP, XRD and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. XRD patterns showed that both ZnO and ZnFe2O4 phases appeared for the mixed oxides and their proportion and crystalline degrees depended on the heat treatment temperature. Furthermore, these mixed oxides were tested for the diethyl carbonate (DEC) synthesis from ethyl carbamate and ethanol. More important, the DEC yield could reach to about 32.3% in the bacth reactor under the optimal reactions.

In order to deal with the dissatisfaction of traditional automobile instruments applied in pure electric vehicles, an automobile intelligent instrument is designed to meet new requirements of the pure electric vehicles by combining the embedded development board with the embedded configuration software MCGS. In this instrument, the hardware development platform is developed to communicate with the main controller of vehicles by extending CAN bus interfaces on the embedded development board, the main control chip of which is S3C2440. Moreover, the embedded configuration software MCGS is adopted to achieve the software design of the instrument system. Compared with traditional automobile instruments, the intelligent instrument is of high reliability, high precision and diversifications in display interfaces and can be installed in pure electric vehicles as a universal instrument.

An ionic liquid 1- (triethoxysilyl) propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([Smim]OH) was grafted on three kinds of mesoporous hydrophobic silica gel by means of post-grafting under mild conditions. The catalysts were [Smim]OH/SiO2-MTES (methyltriethoxysilane), [Smim]OH/SiO2-TMCS (trimethylchlorosilane), [Smim]OH/SiO2-CPTEO (triethoxysilyl propyl chloride). Such grafted ionic liquids (GILs), which were characterized by means of FTIR and N2 adsorption-desorption could be used as effective heterogeneous catalysts toward propylene carbonate synthesis through cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide under solventless and mild conditions.

The H∞ filter is adopted in the transfer alignment (TA) which is realized by the Velocity and Attitude Matching, when the disturbances in measurements are complete unknown. The performance of H∞ filter is compared with kalman filter. The simulation results show both that H∞ filter and kalman filter all are effective and kalman filter is more accurate than H∞ filter when system noise and measurement noise are white noise. But H∞ filter is more accurate than kalman filter when system noise and measurement noise are color noise. H∞ filter is an effective estimation method because H∞ filter is more suitable to engineering practice than kalman filter.

The difference signals, which between upper and lower shells of flange bolted joints structure, was applied to establish the autoregressive model for system condition identification. Firstly, an AR model is built by difference signals. The established AR model is used as a filter to process the difference signal in test state under the same condition and output residual series. Then the statistical parameters, such as Itakura distance, skewness, kurtosis and variance, are used to handle residual series. The results of experiment show that Itakura distance is a useful eigenvalue to identify the bolted joints condition.

Based on data from hospital and method of empirical analysis, this paper address problem of drug shortage in hospital and try to use rough set theory to trace reason of causing shortage. After attribute reduction of decision table, the paper build a warning model by method of support vector machine to remind hospital to take measure to solve problem in advanced

Speech intelligibility is one of the most important aspects of the study of sound quality inside vehicle. Speech intelligibility test is the direct approach to decide whether the listening environment inside vehicle is superior or inferior, but it has many short-comings in the process of subjective evaluation which is time-consuming, laborious and difficult of accomplishment. In this article, speech intelligibility index which is an objective evaluation index, is used for analyzing and evaluating the sound quality inside passenger car, and is calculated separately by two methods. By analyzing the factors influencing the speech intelligibility inside vehicle under different conditions, the methods to improve the sound environment are proposed, which can provide a direct significance for improving sound quality inside vehicle.

Scanning observation on meso evolution of fracture in concrete is carried out by means of computerized tomography (CT) on uniaxial compressive condition. The cracks in the mortar expansion, in particular, the bond of mortar and aggregate which is key regions of concrete damaged, are drawn out through CT image and CT data, and the destruction process of the concrete can be divided into four stakes, compression, enlargement, the expansion of the CT crack,and destruction. According to the character of CT image，MMD is used to analyze the CT images of the concrete specimens in 4 stages of deformation. The components of the CT images are classified and the spatial distributions of crack or cavity, mortar and aggregate are obtained. The variation process of the relationship between distributions of crack or cavity magnitude and stress are obtained from classification maps. The specimens experienced the process of condensed, volume expansion, crack propagation, coalescence and failure. The method can not only reflect the spatial distribution of the materials but also simplify the following analyses that follow.

Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is one of the most important and efficient applicants in industrial dust pollution protection. The charging method of ESP influences the efficient of dust-collection and operating stability of ESP markedly. A new pulsed high-voltage supplying technology of ESP was proposed in this paper. The principles of the pulsed high-voltage supplying circuit and the energy recuperation circuit are studied. The simulation experiments certified their feasibility and innovativeness.

The relationships between dynamics response and preload of bolted joint were studied. By using finite element analysis method, nonlinear model of flange structure with bolted joint was established. The transient analysis for different preload condition of bolted joint was employed to obtain steady state response. The energy of the difference signals between up and down mating surfaces was computed. The energy of the difference signals increased as preload of bolted joint decreased, and nonlinearity of bolted joint increased. The numerical results were compared with experimental measurements. The similarity was found to be satisfactory.

The general rule that the modal parameters of linear system change with the structural parameters was discussed. The calculational method of the change of modal parameters was given on the basis of the current modal parameters and the change pattern variation of structural parameters. An example indicated that this method can greatly save computational time than repeated modal analysis. Withal, the qualitative conclusions of the change of modal parameters can be expediently gained. These results are important to amelioration and optimization design of systems.

In shaft coupling, based on the finite element theory, stress distribution in shaft coupling can be obtained. After the shaft coupling is carried on the modal analysis, fifth-order inherent frequency from first-order to fifth-order can be calculated out. After modal of shaft coupling can be expanded, relative displacement vector sum and relative Von Mises stress mode of shaft coupling from first-order to fifth-order can be obtained.

The section of the column under axial compression used in a certain electrostatic precipitator is composed of double H shaped steel limbs and the stiffened connecting web by weld. As the width of connecting web usually exceeds 3 times of the section height of H shaped steel, the axis which connecting web lies in is the weaker axis for the stiffness of column section, while the midperpendicular of connecting web is the stronger axis. In consideration of initial geometrical imperfections and weld residual stresses, the study on stability round the stronger axis of column subjected to axial compression by nonlinear finite element method is conducted. The research results indicate that the column doesn’t present the flexural buckling round the stronger axis, but present the elasto-plastic flexural-torsional buckling. A buckling factor is produced to measure the stability performance of column round stronger axis. When the connecting channel shaped steels between two limbs and the stiffeners located on connecting web are strengthened, the buckling factor increases slightly. When the width-thickness ratio of connecting web increases, the buckling factor decreases significantly. When the slenderness of H shaped steel round the stronger axis is kept constant and the height-thickness ratio of H-shaped steel web increases, the buckling factor increases. Based on a great many computation results, the regressed recommendation is proposed how to evaluate the design buckling bearing capacity of column under axial compression round stronger axis.

A second-order inelastic analysis of semirigid connection steel frame structures is developed. Therein, shearing deformation and axial force simultaneously are considered. A new stability function considered shearing deformation and axial force simultaneously is proposed and the analysis methods for steel structure of semirigid connection based on the structural ultimate bearing capacity are established. The calculatical programe of second-order inelastic analysis semirigid connection steel frame structures is compiled. The numerical examples of steel frames for semirigid connection are analysed using the second-order inelastic analysis in the paper. Load–displacements predicted by the proposed analysis compare well with those given by other approaches. The analysis results show that the proposed method is suitable for adoption in practice.

Optimization method was applied to obtain optimal television packaging cushion for reducing drop impact response on television. At first, by establishing the parametric finite element model of television with packaging, the drop simulation was performed, and the equivalent stress distribution, acceleration response curve and other related parameters were obtained. Simulation shows that maximum acceleration is overload. Then, structural optimization of television with packaging was performed. The equivalent stress distribution and acceleration curves of optimal packaging and without optimal packaging for the independent components were studied. The results show that maximum acceleration is reduced and the cushioning performance is enhanced.

Based on micro-fluid control, a rapid metal forming method with high efficiency is proposed. At first, the basic principal is introduced. The metal liquid flows out of a large number of micro-pores, and the multipoint parallel crystallization is thus realized. During the forming process, the open or close of micro-pores is controlled by surface tension to obtain required shape of part. Then the technological parameters are deduced. Preliminary experiment shows that rapid open and close of micro-pore can be realized acted on surface tension. This method has the basic characteristics of rapid prototyping technology and continuous casting technology, which can overcome the shortcomings of inefficient and difficulty to create high melting point metal parts for current rapid prototyping.

With the rapid urbanization, medium-small-size cities have become essential to urban system in China. However, due to limited financial and technology conditions, development has lead to serious water pollution. This study statistically analyzed the socioeconomic development and water pollution situations of 10 typical medium-small-size cities in southern China with factor analysis and find that: 1) industry development is the major contributor to water pollution, so it should be well planned; 2) pollution in rural area is mainly caused by high concentration of pollutant discharged, and the control should emphasize on the disposal of pollutant; 3) in urban areas, the large quantum of sewage emission has a greater contribution to water pollution, and water conservation will bring a great improvement in the level of pollution control. The results propose some ways more effective to control water pollution for medium-small-size cities in southern China.

The assessment of pollution levels of heavy metals soil contamination is significant to the health of human kind. Two methods, Set Pair Analysis (SPA) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), are applied to assess the urban roadside soil heavy metals pollution levels and compare the assessment results with Fuzzy Comprehensive Analysis (FCA). The assessment results of SPA are inconsistent with the FCA. The ranks of roadside soil heavy metals, assessed by Igeo, indicate that the result of FCA is determined by most contaminated heavy metal, the SPA is determined by the contents distribution of all elements. The mean and standard deviation of heavy metal content in research soils are applied to establish an assessment standard and this method is also applicable if there is lower differentiation rate or no uniform standards.

The method of Set Pair Analysis is to study the certain and uncertain relationship between the different things and the key of this method is to calculate the connection degree of these things. In order to assess the urbanization levels, this paper proposed a new method to establish the assessment standards according to the value of assess indexes. The urbanization level of Yangtze River delta cities was assessed by Set Pair Analysis, and the results calculated are generally consistent with Nonlinear Mapping Analysis and Factor Analysis. Set Pair Analysis can provide an effective solution to urbanization assessment. The proposed method of standards establishment and Set Pair Analysis can also be used in other areas without unified assessment standards.