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To improve the oxidation resistance and insulation of tungsten electronic device at high temperature, an AlPO4/Al2O3 composite coating was synthesized on the tungsten substrate by sol-gel method. The morphology of coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Compared to the blank specimens, the coated ones exhibit excellent oxidation resistance and insulation at about 1100, which can be attributed to the compact coating without porosity and crack. Up to 1200, the effects of coating became dramatically poor. The electron conductivity mechanism was discussed.

Tensile properties and morphological studies of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/kenaf (KNF) composites were investigated. The composites with different KNF loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 phr) were prepared using a Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer at 150°C and 50 rpm for 10 min. The results indicated that tensile strength and elongation at break were decreased with increasing KNF loading, whereas tensile modulus showed the opposite trend. Tensile fractured surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy showed better interfacial adhesion between LLDPE/PVA and KNF at 10 phr KNF loading.

Using anion ligand phenoxyacetic acid (HPOA) and neutral ligand 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), a series of novel europium complexes EuxYy(TPTZ)2(POA)6·6H2O. The luminescence spectra, luminescence lifetimes and emission quantum efficiencies of the complexes were studied. The results show that doping appropriate amount of Y3+ can significantly increase the luminescence intensities, prolong the luminescent lifetime and improve the emission quantum efficiencies.

Methane and carbon dioxide of different pressures were absorbed by the anthracite coal for 5 hours in high pressure reactor. When adsorption experiment was completed, pressure is reduced quickly. The content of pulverized coal which was produced by releasing gas quickly, was used to reflect capacity of gas adsorption. The result showed that the content of pulverized coal which was produced by adsorbing CH4 was higher than that was produced by adsorbing CO2 on the same coal under the same pressure. Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isothermal can describe coal methane adsorption. Freundlich isothermal can be a good description of coal carbon dioxide adsorption.

Many factors can influence coal gas desorption. In this paper, the impact of coal particle size on coal gas desorption under the effect of microwave radiation was mainly studied. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and optical fiber sensor were used to on-line detect and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the desorbed gas. The analysis results of the infrared spectrogram showed that under the effect of electromagnetic radiation (2450Hz, 1.5μT), different particle sizes of coal sample could desorb gas which contained carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane. The comparison of gas content detected by optical fiber sensor indicated that coal particle sizes had a significant influence on coal gas desorption. When coal particle was between 100 and 200 meshes, the gas content reached up to 27.58 m3/t.

With the increase in demand for electricity in inland provinces because of economic growth, construction of inland nuclear power plant (npp) has become a trend. Inland npps discharge into the water bodies where may be some drinking water sources downstream, so the impact of radioactive liquid effluent released from inland npps is far greater than that come from coastal npps, and it is necessary to know the hydrodynamic characteristics of the water bodies clearly. A proposed inland npp near the Yangtze River and another near a reservoir were simulated by Cormix respectively. Then analyse the simulation results and suggest to use diffusers to help to initial mixing of contaminants in near field.

The virtual instrument is the computer-based instrument. The close integration between computer and instrument is one important instrument development direction. The virtual digital storage oscilloscope introduced in the paper has some additional functions except the common oscilloscope functions, its additional functions are spectral analysis, parameter automatic measurement, complex conditions trigger and data storage. The virtual digital storage oscilloscope communicates with the PC software through USB port. The paper discusses the overall design ideas of virtual digital storage oscilloscope, and the composition and functions of the circuits.

To saves water resources and low carbon environmental, we have designed a smart monitoring watering system based on power carrier and wireless communications, the system schema is divided into three layer, background server control the concentrated controller through wireless core network; each concentrated controller controls watering system through power carrier network; watering systems as the terminal access points of The Internet of Things , directly control the location regional's temperature, humidity and the soil situation, thereby achieved unmanned unattended, automatically watering. System integrates technology as wireless communications, power line carrier, single-chip microcomputer , application in LCD and so on, through hardware and software design, realizes data storage, the node information query, node failures and cable guard alarm function. Experimental results show that the overall system has low power consumption, high reliability, strong anti-jamming ability, so that it can better meet site's needs.

In this paper, the work was mainly studying influence of pH on Fenton reaction and gingerol scavenging hydroxyl radical. The antioxidant activity of gingerol was characterized by the scavenging hydroxyl ratio and scavenging hydroxyl ratio was analyzed by the spectrophotometry. Hydroxyl radical was produced by Fenton reaction. In the experiment pH and buffer solution have influence on the scavenging hydroxyl radical and Fenton reaction. Gingerol exhibits a strong scavenging radical activity for hydroxyl radical (OH.). The scavenging hydroxyl radical of different extractions of ginger oleoresin is different.

The electronic structure and optical properties of pristine and Pd-doped or Ag-doped zinc blende ZnS were calculated with the ab-initio ultrasoft pseudopotential plane wave approximation method based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that doping significantly alters the system band structure and the electronic density of states (DOS), effectivly enhancing the ZnS optical response and the photocatalytic activity in the visible light range. The microscopic mechanism shows that ZnS photocatalysis efficiency is observably improved through doping.

Using ab-initio ultrasoft pseudopotential plane wave approximation method based on density functional theory (DFT), a systematic investigation on electronic and optical properties of ZnS with and without Al-doping has been performed. Calculation results show that Al-doping narrows the band gap of ZnS systems and Al-doped ZnS system changes from semiconductor into metal through the Mott transition. Moreover, with Al-doping increasing, the increase of absorption coefficient and redshift of absorption spectra are obtained. Absorption spectra of pure ZnS and Al-doped ZnS are in good agreement with the experimental results.

The objective of the article is to construct a model to help Chinese government with water policymaking. This paper will take the policy of water price ladder model as an example,respectively pricing for municipal water and industrial water. The strategy of waters price ladder can promote the conservation of water resources.

With portable gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) each unit tested penicillin wastewater treatment system of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas collection pipe. The results show that there are 29 pollutants in gas, including sulfur-containing compounds (90.37%). Large volume concentration H2S (383 ppm), isopropyl mercaptan (30,432 ppb) and acetone (16,024 ppb); H2S (766,000 times), isopropyl mercaptan (40576 times), methyl mercaptan (150 times) beyond their olfactory threshold; H2S (383 times) beyond the TWA threshold. Each unit stench in the sum of the pollutant concentration is range of 47 ~ 2103 ppm. In waste water treatment system, anaerobic treatment unit stench is highest.

Due to the effect of various additional stress,cement concrete pavement repair material and the original road interface been damaged,which cause pavement breakdown. In order to solve this problem,this paper analyzing the reason of new and old concrete interface weakness and the require of interface bonding performance,the flexural bonding experiment method is used to test performance,and to verify slag base as a new type of repair material,which matched with cement paste contains expansion agent as an interface boning agent.Results shows that this new repair material can satisfy the interface bonding performance requirements very well.

According to Modern Warehouse Management System (WMS) for needs of high informationization, high efficiency, high utilization rate and low costs, RFID technology will be combined with WMS in this paper. After that, the structure and working principle of RFID are introduced, and then the advantages of RFID technology are analyzed. Finally, combining with concrete example, the business process about Logistics Warehouse Management System is showed.

According to the pharmaceutical industry produce VOCs and stench of atmospheric environment pollution, combined with typical pharmaceutical biological fermentation and chemical synthesis process of VOCs and odour pollution are classified 4 types:fermentation tail gas, recycling of exhaust gas, exhaust gas and wastewater workshop stench. The control technology should be selected according to the four types of waste characteristics.

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of superhard w-BC2N by using ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method within local density approximation (LDA). Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of w-BC2N. The variation of the thermal expansion, the heat capacity and the Gruneisen parameter γ with pressure P and temperature T, and many other thermodynamic parameters of w-BC2N are obtained systematically.

Ten kinds of terbium doped inert yttrium complexes with 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylate (2,3-pzdc2-) have been synthesized. Characterization results indicate that the complexes have the compositions of Tb (pzdc)1.55H2O and TbxYy(pzdc)1.55H2O (x:y=0.10:0.90; 0.20:0.80; 0.30:0.70; 0.40:0.60; 0.60:0.40; 0.70:0.30; 0.80:0.20; 0.90:0.10). IR spectra show that the lanthanide ions coordinate with the carboxylic oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms of the ligands. Luminescence spectra show that the Y(III) ions can remarkably increase the luminescent intensities of terbium complexes. And Tb0.7Y0.3(pzdc)1.55H2O exhibits the strongest luminescent emission. Furthermore, the doped lanthanide complexes show longer luminescence lifetimes and higher quantum yields. The enhanced luminescence efficiencies of Tb3+ions in the doped complexes may result from intramolecular energy transfer as well as the decrease of the self-quench of the Tb3+ions induced by the doped Y(III) ions.

In this paper, the forming process is applied to the structure design of the metal bellows for the synergistic optimization.With bellows minimum overall stiffness and minimum weight for the optimization objectives to establish multi-objective optimization design model, using the Maximin fitness function strategy based multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm and introduce the multiple subgroup cooperative search strategy by master-slave clustering to get the optimized solution at the same time. The algorithm is applied to the synergistic optimization of the metal bellows structure design. The results show that the convergent speed of the algorithm is fast and can effectively approximate the actual bellows structure design, and provide users with more practical and intuitive effectively design scheme.

Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman micromechanical damage model, taking void growth ratioVGas the damage variable established acoustic emission (AE) quantitative evaluation model. Taking steel 20 notched bar specimens tensile process as example, get AE information from yield to fracture process. Using ABAQUS analyzed the meso-damage process during tensile process of the specimens, and get the numerical solution of meso-damage parameters. Based on AE testing and the results of Finite Element Simulation, established the quantitative evaluation formula ofVGand AE cumulative hitsNduring 20 steel notched specimens tensile process. Result shows that, 20 steel from yield to fracture damage, the relationship betweenNandVGis divided into two stage, namely linear damage stage and nonlinear damage stage. When theNreaches 61, the material is at the transition stage from linear damage stage to nonlinear damage stage.

The thermodynamic properties of (B1-xCx)(N1-xCx) (x=0, 0.25, 0.5) are calculated by the ultra-soft pseud-potentials within local density approximation in frame of density functional theory with virtual crystal approximation and using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The normalized relative volume V/V0, bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient α and heat capacity were computed with different temperature and pressure. Meanwhile the lower limit of the thermal conductivity κmin is also examined in details.

A series of Mg thin films with different thickness from 10 nm to 200 nm were prepared and hydrogenated. The transmission spectrum and sheet resistance before and after hydrogenation were measured. The transmission increased from nearly zero to 16 %, the maximal changes happened at 561 nm was 17.6% with 50 nm thickness of Mg thin film, and its sheet resistance increased from 2.3 to 75.2Ω/. The results show that the Mg thin films changed obviously from shiny, metallic films to transparent, insulating films. The attractive phenomenon might enlighten the investigation and be of particular interest for switchable mirrors.

The bar line is one of the important products of iron and steel industry, It is widely used in the construction of infrastructure facilities, construction and metal products industry. The programmable controller control system to replace the traditional relay control to control the hydraulic station, to complete the motor sequence control, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil contamination, temperature, automatic detection and alarm. Can satisfy the control requirements, reduce control cost, but also improves the control precision.

An efficient and environment-friendly macroporous resin column chromatographic separation method has been developed for preparative isolation of oxymatrine from alkaloids of Sophora flavescens Ait. in the present study. The static adsorption ratios of nine macroporous resins were evaluated. The results demonstrate that H103 macroporous resin, showing high adsorption and desorption capacity, is suitable for separation of oxymatrine. The optimal parameters are obtained: the H103 resins are packed with ethanol, height-diameter ratio (H/D in short) of H103 resin-packed chromatogram column is 33:1, the elution program is 30% C2H5OH-25% NH4OH (115:1, v/v) at flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. After isolation on resin column chromatography, target compound is adequately separated from interferences; the purity of oxymatrine is increased to 91.53% by GC-MS analysis and the recovery yield of oxymatrine is 78.19%.

The copolymerization processes and the optimal conditions of LASP/AA/AM polymer with initiator, crosslinking agent were studied. The results show that the water absorption ratio and the salt-water absorption ratio of LASP/AA/AM polymer are 1017g/g and 98.02 g/g, respectively. The optimal conditions of LASP/AA/AM copolymerization are: WLASP:WAA+AM=8%, Wcrosslinker :WAA+AM=0.02%, W initiator :WAA+AM=0.5%, WAA:WAM=7 : 3.

Geopolymers Are Attracting Great Interest from Mining and Energy Industries Alike, to Solve their Pressing Waste Disposal Problems. Geopolymers for Immobilization of Heavy Metal Consist of an Alkaline Activator and Cementing Components, such as Metakaolin, Coal Fly Ash, Slag, Etc., or a Combination of Two or More of them. its Main Hydration Product Is Aluminosilicate Gel at Room Temperature. Properly Designed Geopolymers Can Exhibit both Higher Strengths and Lower Leading than Portland Cement. the Exact Mechanism by which Heavy Metal Immobilization Occurs Is Not Fully Understood, and it Is Thought to Be Caused by Three Routes. this Paper Also Analyzes the Existing Problems in the Process on the Immobilization of Heavy Metal with Geopolymers Research, and its Development Is Prospected.

The mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/waste tire dust (WTD)/kenaf (KNF) composites with and without 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent were investigated. The composites were prepared using a Thermo Haake Polydrive internal mixer, where different KNF loading (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 phr) were used. The results revealed that the tensile modulus increased with increasing KNF loading but tensile strength and elongation at break were found decreased. Composites with APTES give higher tensile strength and modulus but lower elongation at break than composites without APTES. The presence of APTES enhanced the interfacial adhesion between PP/WTD matrices and KNF which result in higher tensile strength and modulus of the composites. These findings were supported by the morphological study of the tensile fractured surfaces of the composites.

Zingiberene, one of the five major sesquiterpene hydrocarbon which are rich in ginger essential oil, is a natural antioxidant and serves as antiviral and antifertility agent. An efficient preparative isolation process of zingiberene from ginger essential oil has been developed in the present study. The separation experiments have been carried out on an intermittent silica gel column chromatography. After the first run treatment with the chromatography, the zingiberene content in the final product was increased from 35.11% to 60.41%. Afterwards the concentration was purified by using the second silica gel column chromatography. The recovery for the combined procedure was 70.68%, with a final purity 72.93%.Therefore, the separation can be achieved easily and efficiently via the intermittent silica gel column chromatography, and the method will provided a potential approach for large-scale separation and purification of zingiberene for its wide pharmaceutical use.

Reasonable selection of materials and their processing methods directly influences the quality and costs of products. Therefore, material information system plays an important role in material research, development, production, application and education. Due to the superiority and development speed of database technology, it has been widely applied to mechanical processing industry, providing technical support for mechanical manufacturing automation. In the paper, a mechanical processing material database system is put forward. Its key technologies and developing approach are discussed in detail. The establishment of processing data information database, which can provide reasonable or optimal technological parameters, is one of the most effective measures to enhance the competitiveness of an enterprise.

Cobalt-boron complex were prepared as a novel adhesion promoter. It was characterized by the infrared spectrum and the UV spectrum. The maximum absorption wavelength of cobalt-boron complex is in 285nm by the UV spectrum. And the fluorine rubber / metal composite sealing boards were prepared with cobalt-boron complex. The results show that the sample with cobalt-boron complex has better scratch resistance, higher impedance resistance than that without cobalt-boron complex; meanwhile the sample with cobalt-boron complex also has a better bonding situation. In the most optimal process conditions, the scratch resistance value of the composite sealing board is 3800g.

The surface modification of superfine brucite using silane coupling agent as a modifier was studied. The results of the best modified conditions show that the treated time is 1.5h, the treated temperature is 40°C, the content of silane coupling agent is 7wt%,the stirring speed is 600r/min. In this condition, the activation index up to 93.5%; the treated brucite particles filled into polypropylene(PP), the best tensile strength of 28.63MPa and the LOI of 30% is measured.

The main research of planar two-DOF hybrid-driven robot is on the planar five-bar and the seven-bar mechanism, the planar two-DOF seven-bar mechanism is taken as the research object in this paper, the Assur Groups transformation method is used for the forward kinematics analysis of this seven-bar mechanism. The mathematical model of this mechanism is established for the forward kinematics analysis, and the COSMOSMotion is used for the kinematics and dynamics simulation of this hybrid-driven seven-bar mechanism.

Toughening mechanisms and flank wear behavior of a TiC whisker toughening Al2O3-based ceramic cutting tool composite were investigated. The results showed that the wear behavior of the tool composite was greatly influenced by the whisker toughening mechanisms, of which the toughening effects on the composite can increase with increasing cutting temperature. As a result, the tool composite could still possess enough high fracture toughness and flexure strength at high cutting temperature, which resulted in an interesting phenomenon that the wear resistance of the tool composite at higher cutting speed was higher than that of itself at lower cutting speed.

Vehicle routing optimization problem is one of the major research topics in logistics distribution field. Suitable vehicle routing selection is vital to reduce the logistics cost. The paper presents a hybrid optimization method to solve the vehicle routing problem with time windows. In the hybrid optimization method, discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to assign the customers on routes and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to avoid becoming trapped in local optimum. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the vehicle routing problem with time windows.

The technology of power ultrasonic vibration honing was used for the brittle hard sintered Nd-Fe-B materials in this paper. The feasibility and correctness of machining process was analyzed through experiments. Compared normal process result with orthogonal experiments, it was better to use power ultrasonic vibration honing to obtain parts with less surface roughness and higher material removal rate, and also the optimal processing parameters can be conduct. Therefore, the power ultrasonic vibration honing can be used to improve workpiece surface quality, as well as processing efficiency, precision, which is an effective method for precise machining of sintered Nd-Fe-B materials.

In recent years, the biomass energy industry has become an important part of the construction of “Green Beijing” and has begun to grow. This paper analyzes the resource availability, present situation, and existing problems with biomass energy in Beijing. In addition, it examines the advantages and disadvantages of developing biomass energy in Beijing, and proposes future development strategies. The findings are: 1) developing and utilizing biomass energy effectively and appropriately in suburban Beijing to improve livelihoods and the environment; 2) making full use of the technological, knowledge, and information advantages in Beijing by building an R&D base for biomass energy technologies; and 3) funds and technology should be transferred externally to establish a biomass energy industry base in regions outside of Beijing.

The pH value of binary mixtures containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]) ionic liquids over the range of N,N-dimethylformamide mole fraction from (0.1 to 0.9) and temperature range from (293.15 to 338.15) K were measured. The range of pH values of N,N-dimethylformamide and [Bmim][BF4] and [Bmim][PF6] were from (3.42 to 6.50) and (6.98 to 9.74), respectively. Comparison showed that the pH of N,N-dimethylformamide in the two ionic liquids was in sequence: [Bmim][BF4] < [Bmim][PF6] at the same conditions. The temperature dependency of the pH value was correlated using an empirical equation. The correlations gave satisfactory results.

If there are local defects in the solar cell module, the output efficiency of the module will decrease. This article introduces the detection of local defect of solar cell module based on the infrared image technology. It finally establishes an image library which contains some infrared images of seven kinds of defects and a basic standard which can judge the quality of the module. The reasons of some defects are listed in the article. The unqualified rate will greatly decrease for the technique. The research is helpful to eliminate the module that contains recessive defects. The life of the modules also will be extended.

Firstly the paper introduces solar modules' internal structure and its equivalent circuit. According to different shading situation output characteristic of solar modules, the problem was analyzed by equivalent circuit. Through the actual shading test, the same type of solar modules in different shading mode solar module I-V characteristics and the influence of power were measured. Finally, the shading of effects the different types of solar modules was comparative analyzed. Research results can be used as the reference of solar modules installation location.

A TiC whisker toughening Al2O3 composite ceramic tool material was developed by an in situ carbothermal reduction synthesis technology. The influence of different synthesis temperatures (1480°C and 1700°C) and holding times (90min, 60min and 30min) on the mechanical properties of the composite was investigated. The results showed that either the lower synthesis temperature (1480°C) or the higher synthesis temperature (1700°C) was necessary to the improvement on the fracture toughness of the composite. However, when an Al2O3-TiO2 eutectic system was formed during the higher temperature synthesis process, grain coarsening of the Al2O3 matrix became much serious, which resulted in obvious decrease in the flexure strength of the composite. Therefore, the carbothermal reduction synthesis process should be divided into two parts including the lower temperature synthesis process for increasing the yield of the TiC whisker and the subsequent higher temperature synthesis process for increasing the carbon content in the TiC whisker, and and the lower temperature synthesis process should be held for enough time (e.g. 60min) to avoid an incomplete carbothermal reduction of TiO2.

The chemical and electrochemical equilibrium of oxygen-chlorine-titanium system in the presence of gaseous phase were investigated. Many species, which consisted of oxygen, chlorine and titanium, were considered. Various thermodynamic equilibriums were calculated in the different pressures and temperatures. Calculation results were shown asE-Tdiagram. This diagram will be used as important tools for corrosion study and titanium production, and it is also used to thermodynamically determine the existence areas of various species and so on.

To improve the photocatalytic application performances of TiO2, in this work, firstly CdS modified Degussa P25 TiO2(CdS/TiO2) composites were prepared, then they were loaded on activated carbon fibers(ACFs) by dip-coating method. The composites were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDS and BET. Their photocatalytic activities under daylight were investigated by the degradation of gaseous toluene. The results showed that CdS/TiO2composites mainly composed of anatase TiO2and little CdS phases; CdS/TiO2absorption edge had a pronounced “red shift”, the corresponding absorption edge wavelength of CdS/TiO2composites were extended to 740 nm, respectively. From EDS spectrum, the main elements of CdS/TiO2/ACFs were Ti and O and a small quantities of S and Cd. CdS/TiO2loaded on ACFs was in the form of small clusters, but not very uniform; compared with original ACFs, the surface area and pore volume of CdS/TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, while the average size remained unchanged. The photodegradation rate of toluene by CdS/TiO2/ACFs composites under daylight irradiation was markedly higher than that by TiO2/ACFs, the maximal increasing rate reached as high as 18%.

This article has proved tangent-points have a common plane when quadratic surface is tangent to plane passing by the point outside quadratic surface , discussed several properties of quadratic surface tangent to plane.

The rotating bending fatigue tests have been carried out to investigate the fatigue limit of specimen with double-notch which is constructed by the step and the blind hole, and the effect of stress concentrations at the double-notched bottoms on the fatigue limits are analyzed using three-dimensional elastic finite element method (3D-EFEM). There are fatigue limits of 17 groups on the single-notched specimen and double-notched specimen obtained in the fatigue tests. The stress field interactions are discussed between the stress field by the blind hole notch and the stress field by step using 3D-EFEM. The results obtained in this study are as follows: The fatigue limit of the double-notch specimen is insensitive to the distance between the blind hole and step for the low carbon structure steel with better ductility; while, for the high-strength steel, superposition and intensification of the stress concentration by the blind hole and step mutually may be avoided, and their adverse effects on the fatigue strength may be become to minimal, when taken appropriate distance between the blind hole and step. The results are significant for engineering design of the multi-notched parts, and studying fatigue strength theory.

In order to enhance the fatigue limit of titanium (TC4), the combined shot peening were employed. Firstly, nano-crystallization in surface layer of TC4 were carried out by high-energy shot peening, and then the surface repair shot peening with small balls were introduced for repairing the surface damage by high-energy shot peening, and reducing the surface roughness, thus to enhance the quality of nanocrystalline surface layer of TC4. The fatigue tests were performed using the specimens treated by the combined shot peening. In addition, the influence factors of fatigue limit, the behavior of fatigue crack initiation and propagation etc. are discussed. The results showed that the fatigue limit of TC4 specimen treated by high-energy shot peening is increased by 13%, while the fatigue limit of TC4 specimen treated by the compound shot peening process is increased by 34% (165MPa). The main reason of fatigue improvement is considered to be that the combined shot peening process may effectively repair the surface damage, and also there is the certain relationship between the fatigue limit improvement and the surface roughness reducing.

Magnetorheological Finishing(MRF) is an advanced optical manufacturing technology, It is a kind of deterministic process. It conquers the defections such as low-efficiency and low-grade surface quality of the traditional method. Deduced from the hydrodynamic lubrication theory of the Bingham plastic flow, the material removal model of MRF is established. The reliability of the model is verified by the experiment. finally, we get the mean Preston coefficient by the theoretical curve and the actual measured curves, the value will be applied to optical components of the computer-controlled MRF operation. Through the magnetorheological finishing experiments , the results that compared with the experimental results in good agreement prove that our proposed model is reasonable.