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This paper presents methods of cushioning package design. The analysis of existing shortcoming is made when the maximum accelerationstatic stress curve (what is called curve) is applied to the cushion package design, at the same time ,the principle and method steps to get curve are briefly introduced when the stressenergy method is used .the function between the key parameters of cushioning package design is acquired by the stressenergy method .By comparing the data produced with matlab software with the real experimental ones in some paper, the possibilities to get curve of casual drop height and cushion thickness by one-time experiment to get curve with stress-energy method is demonstrated. Based on the function of key parameters of cushioning package acquired, the reversed cushioning package design method is carried out.

Online examination system is built on internet applications,aimed at achieving information management of examinations. Online examination system in the generation of test papers, the submission and approval can be done automatically on the network. We proposes a new heuristic genetic test paper algorithm, and the proposed algorithm is applied to the online examination system. From the experimental results,the improved algorithm has achieved satisfactory performance.

The coating binder migration and concentration in z-direction of coating layer especially in coating surface influence the coated paper printing properties. The results indicated that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the coated paper opacity decreases, and the K&N value decreases. The relationship of K&N value and binder concentration in surface of coating layer was linear, which indicated that compared to binder dosage concentration in coating color, the K&N value and coating surface binder concentration has higher correlation. The more uniform the binder distribution in cross section of coating layer, the greater the IGT.

The Paper studied the effects of pigments and base paper on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The results showed that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased, and coating surface binder concentration increased with the increase of particle size of pigments. The result also indicated to small base paper absorbency, coating surface has high binder migration level, the coating layer bottom (base paper direction) has low binder concentration. To high absorbency base paper, the opposite is true.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) containing calcium propionate or magnesium bicarbonate was used to deacidify paper. In the experiment, to compare the effects of SCCO2 technology deacidification and immersion deacidification, two kinds of paper samples were chosen to do these two kinds of deaciditication tests respectively. And pH, alkali reserve and mechanical properties of paper samples were measured before and after these treatments. The experiments showed that the pH and alkaline reserve of paper samples treated with SCCO2 were nearly similar to that of immersion treatments. Otherwise, compared with immersion deacidification, supercritical carbon dioxide had some advantages of strengthening the mechanical properties of paper and shortening treatment time.

A nano-material named opal blended with polymer, then were added into slurry, after a series of special paper-making process, the rice paper releasing anion was successfully prepared by us. By test of SEM, we observed nano-structure morphology in the image of opal particle and rice paper sample. A series of mechanical properties had been tested as GB18739 or QB/T3515 standard. After testing of anion concentration, maximum of rice paper reached -9510cm-3，meet the needs of human health. There is no doubt opal is a kind of environmental material for human health.

The combustion of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal in air was analyzed using a thermogravimetric instrument. TG and DTG curves for the blends lies between that of the individual fuels, and the main combustion characteristics of blends depended on individual fuels and followed the weighted average. As the blending ratio of paper mill sludge was increased from 10% to 90%, the ignite temperature (Ti) decreased from 529.6°C. to 275.6°C., and residual weight increased from 19.28% to 47.39%. The TG profiles of sample were almost the same at different heating rates, however there was a big difference between the DTG profiles. The maximum weight loss rate of sample increased obviously with the increment of heating rate. This work contributes to the comprehensive understanding of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal combustion and development of co-combustion technology.

Filter paper splash procedure is a kind of measuring means to raindrop size. It is used widely and operated briefly and its cost is low. The article mainly introduces the influence of different heights to the stain diameter and the relationship between stain diameter and the raindrops. According to the experiment, the relation between the stain diameter and the raindrops is d=0.478D0.610.it is the research foundation of filter paper stain method. According to the data from Fangxian area using the method of filter paper splash procedure, we can conclude that the raindrop kinetic energy has a positive relationship with rainfall intensity. The research is useful for measuring the water and soil loss.Water and soil loss is one of the global environment problems. The most important factor which can cause water and soil loss is rainfall. The research on raindrop kinetic energy is important for the further analysis of water and soil loss. A classical approach for the research on raindrop kinetic energy is paper splash procedure. The relationship between stain diameter and raindrop diameter shall be calibrated in this approach. In general, influences from titrated water drop height and stain diameter are not considered in the calibration process. In this experiment, influences of rain drop height on stain diameter are researched in the stain calibration, settling basis for the research on local volume of water and soil loss.

A mulberry paper has been used to produce many consumer products such as lantern, card, packaging and decorating articles. Similar to other cellulosic materials, the mulberry paper bears abundant hydroxyl groups on its surface. Besides easily ignited, it can absorb water or humidity. To improve its thermal stability and to reduce deterioration caused by moisture adsorption, the mulberry paper was coated with a flame-retardant substance which was monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and a hydrophobic substance which was poly (methylhydrogen siloxane) (PMHS). The coating was conducted by immersing the mulberry paper in coating solution for 2 min followed by drying at 50 °C for 30 min. By varying a weight ratio of the PMHS and MAP, the PMHS:MAP weight ratio of 10:10 was found to be the optimum coating solution. The coated mulberry paper had good thermal property according to the thermogravimetric analysis. The uncoated mulberry paper showed residue of about 21% while the coated mulberry paper showed the increased residue of more than 50%. The burning test revealed that the coated mulberry paper was self-extinguished after removal of the ignition source while complete burning was observed on the uncoated paper. Moreover, it was water repellent with a water contact angle of 101.48 ± 5.81 degrees.

The application of hydrated calcium silicate as filler in paper from wheat straw pulp is studied in this paper. It shows that that with the increase of dosage of hydrated calcium silicate, the stiffness of paper improves, and the whiteness and the printing color density of paper improve, but the tightness and tensile strength of paper decrease. When the dosage of CPAM is 0.45 g/kg, the tightness, tensile strength, tearing index, whiteness and printing color density reach the large value. Paper ash content increased with the increase of amount of hydrated calcium silicate, but paper ash gains is not big after the dosage of hydrated calcium silicate reaches 20%.

Based on papers collected by Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S) database from 1989-2011, this paper investigates and analysis the innovation status and development trends of Nano luminescent materials and devices through the quantitative analysis of paper distribution in the year, the hot R&D field, affiliations and the conference sources in hope of providing an objective statistic reference for future academic researches and innovation development．

The principle of offset printing is the graphic part lipophilicity and the blank part oleophobic hydrophilic. Based on the ink-water balance theory, this paper mainly discusses the base paper and the coating formulations of paper-based printing plate. In this paper the properties of the paper-based printing plate of the different coating formulations were detected and evaluated, meanwhile these plates were tested in the offset printing. Based on the detection of print quality, plate coating performance and the number of copies printed, the base paper and coating formulations of this plate was be determined. The results of this study for this plate have some significance in the actual production.

Within the inventions of human beings,paper has its unique meaning and influence, this sensitive, slender, fragile, old material, provided a possibility of innovation for artists----traditional paper folding. Many artists take the advantage of its specialty and superiority to design variety distinctive lamps. The essay states the fantasy paper art, and deeply explain how traditional paper art deduces methods and thinking of modern lamps, on the basis of analyzing the specialty and superiority of papers [1].

The coating binder migration and concentration in z-direction of coating layer especially in coating surface influence coated paper optical properties. The results showed that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the calendaring gloss decreases, the printing gloss and the printing optical density increases. The calendaring gloss and printing gloss, compared to the influence of binder distribution in coating layer,seemed more subject to coating surface binder concentration. Binder in the coating surface concentration and distribution in z-direction almost did not affect the whiteness of coated paper.

The effect of calendering temperature, speed and linear load on the properties of opacity, brightness, smoothness, paper thickness, gloss and ink absorption of art paper were studied by orthogonal experiment. The art paper coating formulations were as follows: GCC-60 100 pph, solid content 64.6% for precoating; GCC-95 40 pph, Kaolin 60 pph, and solid content 61.3% for top coating. Bar coater was involved to coat by hand in the lab and the coating weight was controlled at 20±2g/m2. After calendering in different conditions, the optical properties and printability of paper were analyzed. Regression analysis was used to study which of the calendering conditions was the dominant factor influencing the paper properties. The results showed that linear load was the dominant one, followed by the calendering temperature and calendering speed. After calendering, smoothness and gloss increased, while the brightness and opacity decreased.

Based on content analysis of all 328 papers on investment environment published in Chinas core journals from 2000 to 2011, this paper conducts classified statistic and comparative analysis on the sample literature from the perspective of research history, literature sources, contents and methodologies. Both laterally and longitudinally, it provides the dynamic development and current research condition of Chinas investment environment research in the 12 years, and provides a helpful guidance for a better understanding of the development trend and research directions in the future of this field.

Considering the operability of the environmental management type zoning in the paper industry, the evaluation index system of resources and environment carrying capacity is divided into two sub-index systems of the raw materials bases and paper industry. The weight of each index is evaluated by the AHP method, the index is calculated by the grey cluster assessment. The environmental management districts in both of the raw material forest base and paper industry were typified by using the GIS analysis method, respectively. Ultimately the national paper industry resources and environment management type partition is integrated from the two kinds of partition by using a two-dimensional matrix method.

The paper transfer mechanism is an important component of the offset presses, which weightily affects the paper transfer, handover and the print quality of the offset presses. The paper analyzed motor process of the eccentric swing paper transfer mechanism with J2108; introduced the motion law of cam follower lever with the driving paper transfer mechanism by complex vector Analytical method; Draw the angular displacement and time diagram, the angular velocity and time diagram and the Angular acceleration and time diagram with follower lever.

Aluminium silicate fiber is an excellent high-temperature material which is widely used in special paper industry in recent years. Due to its property of hardly interweave into the paper and the low strength of the single inorganic fibers paper, it is difficult to make a general basis weight paper. In response to these issues, the strength of the paper was improved by adding some plant fibers. This study takes advantage of good resistance to high temperature of inorganic adhesive and bonding capacity of organic intensifier. Meanwhile two inorganic adhesives (waterglass and ludox) and one organic adhesives carboxymethy starch (CMS) were used in the process of preparing the aluminium silicate paper. The physical properties and insulation properties of the paper which prepared from the difference conditions were studied. The experiment results showed that the adhesive of waterglass and ludox can improve the properties of resistant to high temperature. The adding dosages were 10% and 7.5ml, respectively. The best ratio of alumina silicate fiber to conifier fiber is 7 to 3.The using of CMS can decrease the amount of the plant fiber and its best usage is 10%.

Because of the public environmental awareness growing and Fibrous raw material shortage, waste paper recycling has received widespread attention, increased year by year. Waste paper fiber through the whole process of pulping and papermaking, different production processes and the use of environment, waste paper fiber can occur in many different changes compared with the original fiber, accordingly the paper properties change.In this study, a high-quality aspen high-yield pulp (HYP) was used to improve the Waste paper pulp properties at the laboratory scale.The results indicate that adding 25% aspen HYP into unrefined or refined Waste paper fiber can minimize many of the drawbacks associated with Waste paper fiber: improving its drainage, bulk, and opacity. And addition of a small amount (about 1%) of cationicstarch can also significantly increase the tensile index of OCC.

The treatment on the secondary biochemical effluent of pulp and paper wastewater by Fenton oxidation was studied and the influence of H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage, pH and reaction time on the treatment effect was investigated by the orthogonal test and single-factor test. The treatment effect was eminent when the H2O2 dosage was 3.75mmol/L, Fe2+ dosage was 3.20mmol/L, pH was 4.00 and the reaction time was 80.00min. The removal rate of UV254 and chromaticity significantly increased as H2O2 dosage was 1.88 ~ 3.75mmol /L, but the COD removal rate declined as H2O2 dosage was more than 2.81mmol/L; each removal rate increased and then decreased slightly with the increase of Fe2+ dosage, each removal rate dropped obviously as pH was more than 5.00; within 80.00min, the removal rate increased significantly, it changed little with the continuous increase of reaction time. Under the optimal conditions, the COD removal with Fenton oxidation was more effective and its removal rate could achieve 88.33%, it was advantageous compared with ozone oxidation; but the elimination effect of UV254 and chromaticity to pulp and paper wastewater with ozone oxidation was better, the two removal rate achieved 83.70% and 92.00% in a short time, respectively. Although it could reach such a removal effect by Fenton oxidation, it did not have the superiority in reaction time.

Although advantages of traditional Hough transform of such Good robustness and anti-interference have been found in the process of detection of complex paper diseases such as Streak, fold, however, quantity calculation has imposed limitation on the application of this method in dealing process demanding high instantaneity. Probabilistic Hough Transform fits in a straight line by approach of Hough transform. The approach of selecting fitting points by random drawing and combination with meter counter and output a boundary line where random drawing points locates on condition that such points satisfy limitation of threshold value which has been pre-setted is able to reduce the calculation and period of algorithm operation therefore fitts detection of complex paper diseases demanding high instantaneity.

Bamboo paper sludge is a kind of industrial solid wastes and it is difficult to deal with it. In this study, the spectrum of bamboo paper sludge and the relationship between sludge with two different adhesives were investigated. Besides, the contents of C, H, O, N, S were measured by elemental analysis instrument of Vario Ⅲ. The results showed that: bamboo paper sludge FTIR spectrum was composed of five regions; kaolin and benzene derivatives were contained in sludge. UF was covered the surface of sludge forming a thick glue line and spectra was covered. But, the phenomenon did not appear in PF. The content of C, H, O, N, S in bamboo paper sludge was 35.68%, 6.4%, 18.48%, 3.27%, 1.21% respectively.

Paper-cut animation is rooted in Chinese folk culture, which is an important constituent part of Chinese animation. This article has analyzed the own artistic charm of paper-cut animation, from the early traditional manufacturing method and its insufficiencies as well as the questions we faced, to details of the new manufacturing method after the application of modern computer technology to the paper-cut animation. Also the article emphasizes the introduction of manufacturing advantages after the computer technology applied to the paper-cut animation, as well as discussions on application value of paper-cut animation in business and service domains, etc.

Smoothness directly influences the color effect of printed matter, so it is very significant for researching the influence of paper smoothness on color effect of printed matter. This article researchs the relationships between the paper smoothness and the color effect of printed matter through experiments. The results show that, hue error of printed matter decreases with increased smoothness, color gamut of printed matter increases with increased smoothness, the glossiness of printed matter increases with increased smoothness, and color effect of printed matter better with increased smoothness. The results could provide a theoretical reference for papermaking enterprises to optimize the process of papermaking and produce suitable paper for color printing.

Waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) is a byproduct and problematic waste of paper industries. The investigation was driven by the increasing demand for reuse options in paper-recycling industry. This paper present on the morphology and physical analysis studies on polymerization of WPSA mortar. Two (2) types of polymeric mortar mixes containing WPSA with alkaline activators and without alkaline activators were prepared. The morphology of each mixes was determined using Spectra Electron Microscope (SEM) and the physical test is focus on compressive strength. However, the element diffraction of each mixes using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was also carried out as a method to identify the polymerization of polymeric mortar. From the result obtained it is found that the utilization of WPSA reduced the polymerization of polymeric mortar due to more pores. From the EDX analysis it is also revealed that the WPSA polymeric mortar also contained less synthetic aluminous silicate compound. However, the strength gain up to 6MPa and it is comparable with other high calcium material mortar.

Due to the presence of recalcitrant organic compounds, the pulp and paper effluents after treatment by conventional biological processes still contain high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colored substances and do not satisfy the national emission standard. The objectives of this work are to present the research process on environmental materials with application of ozone-based technologies in removal of characteristic pollutants in pulp and paper effluents and suggest the feasible development trend. In this work, basic mechanisms of degradation of organic pollutants by ozone-based technologies in the presence of environmental materials as catalyst are described. The removal efficiencies of characteristic pollutants commonly found in pulp and paper effluents, such as absorbable organic halogens (AOX), resin and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, lipophilic wood extractives and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), are presented.

During the manufacture of recycled paper, paper sludge is discharged as an industrial waste. The amount of sludge discharged from manufacturing plants increases annually. In this study, the organic constituents, such as cellulose, in the sludge were converted into carbonaceous heavy metal absorbents using sulfur treatment. Paper sludge was washed with 5 M HCl solution to remove inorganic content, and then immersed in 1 M K2S solution for 24 h. After immersion, the sample was heated at 800 °C for 1 h under N2 atmosphere, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the product. The sludge was mainly composed of inorganic content, such as calcite, kaolinite and talc, and organic content. Calcite was removed with acid washing and sulfur was impregnated into the sludge by immersing it into the K2S solution. The product with sulfur impregnation indicated higher removal abilities for lead and nickel than those without sulfur impregnation.

The measuring body of PRS-2 cigarette paper smoldering rate tester is industrial vision sensors P4E1.3, it could determine and identify the burning of the cigarette paper by using the advanced computer image processing techniques.The vision sensor can detection to 10,000 times per minute when the image resolution is 1.3 million pixels-accurate, it simultaneously monitors the 5 cigarette paper, and can ensure that the scanning frequency of each cigarette paper is not lower than 100 Hz. In the case of deducting the necessary analysis and calculation time, it can guarantee that the timing accuracy is no less than 0.1s. The instrument is able of detecting the serrated depth of the burned cigarette paper line and excludes the misjudgment which caused by human factors,so it could achieve control, data analysis, save and print independently.

Aiming at solving the low efficiency and low quality of the existing test paper generation algorithm, this paper proposes an improved particle swarm algorithm, a new algorithm for intelligent test paper generation. Firstly, the paper conducts mathematically modeling based on item response theory. Secondly, in the new algorithm, the inertia weight is expressed as functions of particle evolution velocity and particle aggregation by defining particle evolution velocity and particle aggregation so that the inertia weight has adaptability. At the same time, slowly varying function is introduced to the traditional location updating formula so that the local optimal solution can be effectively overcome. Finally, simulation results show that compared with the quantum-behaved particle swarm algorithm, the proposed algorithm has better performance in success rate and composing efficiency.

The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

Tertiary treatment wascarried out to treat pulp and paper effluent from secondary treatment processby a three-dimensional electrode system equipped with modifiedbentonites as powdery electrode. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified bentonite (CTAB-bent) and hydroxy-aluminum pillaredorganic bentonite (OH-Al-CTAB-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRDand FTIR spectroscopy analysis.The impacts such as the dosage of particle electrode, electrolysis times,current density were on the COD removal efficiency and decolorization effect ofeffluent were also investigated. The results showed that the experimentscarried out by three-dimensional electrode system with OH-Al-CTAB-bent weresufficient for the COD and color removal efficiency. A current density of 30mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 40min, and the particle electrodedosage of 1.6g/L were selected as an optimum conditions that allows fast andlow cost treatment. The effluent can achieve the discharge standard of waterpollutants for pulp and paper industry (GB3544-2008) after electrolysis.

Our presentation develops the study of cement mortars manufactured with melamine waste, either in the form of powder or cellulose paper, taken from the industrial production of particle boards, characterizing all of their properties and comparing them with traditional cement mortars. The objective is to determine in what way the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper will modify traditional mortar, once these materials have been subjected to a polymerization process under pressure and under increased temperature, in order to assess the possibility of using these new materials for applications in the construction industry. The behaviour of mortar in the fresh state is studied, determining the variations produced with the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper on the workability and the on-site use of these mortars. Likewise, their mechanical properties under flexion, compression, and adherence to a ceramic surface are studied and compared with those obtained from the reference mortar. Water absorption by capillary action and vapour permeability are also studied, in order to understand the interaction of the polymerized melamine in the capillary network of the mortar. Dosages were prepared for a reference mortar and a further two series of mortars with different quantities of melamine powder and melamine paper, together with cement, sand and water. In this first phase, the use of additives in the mixtures was not considered. The process of selecting the materials and the dosage criteria of the mixtures are subsequently described. The results of the study show that the use of powder melamine and paper cellulose melamine can be used to manufacture mortars with properties that are equivalent to traditional mortars, although further studies with greater precision will be needed on the contribution of the melamine polymerization process to the internal structural cohesion of the mortar.

Paper electromagnetic drying technology is a new paper drying technology different from traditional steam drying. Today, environmental pressure deteriorating, energy crisis approaching, doing researches on paper electromagnetic drying technology has a special meaning, especially to high speed toilet paper machine which is truly needed and has a vast developmental potential. This thesis is based on electromagnetic dryer and steam dryer study. And the changes measured in the experiment at diverse temperatures and quantities in the experiment has shown a higher efficiency of electromagnetic drying technology than conventional steam drying technology.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of coating solid on surface properties and ink penetration and to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results implied that the surface properties of coated paper could be adjusted and improved by increasing the coating solid. With the increasing of coating solid, ink penetration depth declined and ink penetration uniformity increased. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high coating solid compared with low coating solid resulted in lower ink usage and better printability on the condition of same print density.

What happens in the paper surface about ink absorption is of great important for appearance of final printing. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on ink layer thickness transferred onto coated paper through quantitative analysis by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Meanwhile, the influence of printing pressure and printing speed on print density and print gloss were obtained. The results implied that higher printing pressure resulted in higher ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is less than 700N, but higher printing speed resulted in lower ink layer thickness, print density and print gloss when printing pressure is constant. It could be concluded that the coated paper with high printing speed compared with low printing speed resulted in lower ink absorption, lower print density, lower print gloss and worse printability on the condition of same printing pressure.

Experimental studies on biogas yield of Ulva pertusa were carried out at different fermentation conditions. At 25°C, 35°C and 45°C, the biogas yield from fermentation of Ulva pertusa were 223.2mL/gVS, 256.2mL/gVS and 300.0mL/gVS,respectively, while the methane content in the biogas produced at 35°C was the highest. In addition, biogas yield reached to 482.5mL/gVS and 499.6mL/gVS by adding waste paper of 3.5g and 7.0g to the fermentation liquor, the corresponding methane content in the biogas were 56.0% and 51.2%, respectively. Comparatively, higher biogas yield, methane content and system stability could obtain from Ulva pertusa by adding 3.5g ~ 7.0g of waste paper and fermentation at 35℃.The fermentation process of Ulva pertusa for biogas production generally lasted for 19~25 days.

A novel hollow microsphere plastic pigment was prepared by the soap-free seeded emulsion polymerization. This pigment, with polyacrylate as core and with polystyrene as shell (PA/PSt) had hollow structure after dryness. The latex was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and particle size analysis. The synthetic pigment was applied in the paper coating, and its influence on the printablility of the coated paper was investigated. The results show that the overall properties of the coated paper can be effectively improved when the clay in the base formulation is replaced by a small amount of hollow microsphere plastic pigment.

Polyaniline-paper composite is prepared on a paper template by interfacial polymerization. Using SEM and FESEM, the morphology of PANI on fiber and pores between fibers are inspected based on different polymerization. The flake shape of PANI is formed on fiber surface at the beginning due to electrostatic attraction, while the granular is growing on the pores freely. This flake shape on fiber is changed with 3rd polymerization into granular. When the resistivity is below 100cm/S, linear PANI in pores is growing to the fiber nearby, and PANI network formed. The morphology also confirmed that PANI on fiber only remains on the upside not fully covered surface of fiber. Very few PANI is found inside paper substrate by cross section SEM. The method is discussed also with polyaniline-fiber composite polymerization and in-site paper polymerization.

Fibers of dissolved air flotation rejects were been carboxymethylated to make dry strengthening agent. The effects of carboxymethylated time on carboxyl content, water retention value and physical properties of paper sheets were discussed. The effects of pH, dose of additive agent and additive aluminum sulfate on paper properties were discussed. The result show that carboxyl content and water retention values increased with the increasing of carboxymethylated time according to the research. IR analysis indicates that carboxymethyl has been connected to the surface of fibers. SEM micrographs shown that fibers were intergraded more closely benefit from the addition of dry strengthening agent. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 90.1% 101.8% and 833.3% on the condition: the additive agent amount 3%, pH 5, additive aluminum sulfate 0.5% of original pulp. Tensile index, burst index and folding endurance respectively increased by 74.0%, 87.8% and 877.8% when the carboxymethylated time was 110min for recycled pulp. This paper can be used as the theoretical basis for reusing of fiber of dissolved air flotation rejects.

The surface topography and properties of coating layer have an important influence on penetration and distribution of the print ink. In this research, the main objective was to investigate the effect of binder on the coating surface topography and characteristics. The surface microstructure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurment and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the binder content on the coating surface affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that more amount of binder on the coating surface could contribute to improve the coating surface topography and the formation of even pore size and distribution, which was good to the paper surface characteristics and resulted in low roughness, high paper gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency.

The ink penetration behavior depends on the coating surface structure and surface properties of the coating layer in the papermaking process, which include coating recipes and coating conditions, etc. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between binder content and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution in coated paper by LSCM. The results indicated that higher binder content could result in higher amount ink absorption. With the increasing of binder content, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased. Sample G2 with 20 parts binder produced the most unevenness ink distribution. It could be concluded that the coated paper with 25 parts binder compared with the other samples resulted in higher ink usage and better printing quality.

Polyimide fibers and polyamide acid fibers was used as main materials to make polyimide fiber paper. The effect of the properties of polyimide fiber paper by hot pressing temperature and hot pressing pressure was discussed. The experimental results showed that when the pressure of hot pressing was 12Mpa and the hot temperature of hot pressing was 220℃, the sheet had excellent strength properties and electrical performance.

By experimental and comparison method, printing characteristics of light paper were studied. A test form was designed for monitoring reproduction processes and evaluating reproduction characteristics. Then it was output on film, plates, and paper in turns. Results showed that performance of paper has a direct impact on reproduction quality; prints made by light paper have less color saturation, lower print contrast, much dot loss in light areas and less color gamut than those by offset paper. However, the difference between them was very small. Under good control this environmental friendly paper was absolutely able to the high quantitative offset paper in book printing. Effective measurements of improving printing quality on light paper printing were derived

To enhance printing qualities, this study used refluxed silica (SiO2) from rice husk by hydrochloric acid (HCl) at different molarities and reaction times as coating agent for printed paper. Characterization of the refluxed silica from 2M HCl 120 min elucidated the purity of 98.7% and amorphous structure. Particle size of the silica exhibited uniform size of 3 μm and the color measurement (CIE L*a*b*) indicated 94.79+0.48+1.24, whiteness and color difference (E) were 84.85, 3.28, respectively. The coating agent was prepared by water-based varnish of acrylic resin mixed with the synthesized silica at different proportions: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 (%wt), and later was applied on 170 g/m2-white kraft papers. The results showed that the water-based coating varnish with silica exhibited an increase of viscosity as increasing the amount of the silica. Printing qualities indicated that the vanished printed paper with 1.0% silica elucidated the highest details in shadow tone and text (font) sharpness. The color gamut yielded a wider scope than the printed papers which were varnished with the silica at 0.0%, 0.5% and 1.5%. Nonetheless, the color density showed insignificant difference to 1.5% silica varnished paper.

Paper-based material has been frequently used as part of packaging solution as an option towards reducing municipal solid waste generation. Various studies on mechanical behaviour of paper-pulp packaging material have been conducted based on the machining direction and cross machining direction. However, there is still gap of information on paper-pulp packaging material behaviour at diagonal direction. A study has been conducted to investigate the variability to tensile properties of paper-pulp packaging at various packaging section (draft and base surface) and different specimen orientation (horizontal, vertical, and diagonal direction). In this research, results from the stress-strain relationship obtained from tensile and compression tests are presented. The data obtained are further analysed using ANOVA to find out whether material variations are significantly different with varying sections and orientations. Findings in this research supported the anisotropic properties of paper-based packaging material. Draft surfaces exhibit weaker strength than base surface. Also, the variability of stiffness and strength of specimens are more significant in horizontal and vertical direction compared to diagonal direction.

n the effort to produce sustainable concrete, considerable attempt has been placed on replacing the main ingredients in concrete mixtures with more sustainable materials with the objective to reduce the carbon footprint. One of the replacement materials is waste paper sludge ash (WPSA), a local industrial by-product generated abundantly by newsprint mills which possesses considerable cementitious properties. Parallel to this, the high amount of construction waste, particularly concrete waste has become a difficult environmental issue to cope with in todays world. For this reason, recycling of concrete waste as a new alternative aggregate is being effectively utilized in concrete production. Thus, this paper reports on a study conducted to evaluate the compressive strength characteristics of the potential of using WPSA as a binder and fine recycled concrete aggregate (FRCA) as a virgin sand replacement in producing foamed concrete. The findings of this study exhibited that the inclusion of WPSA and FRCA for replacement ratios up to 20% and 15% respectively has significantly influenced the strength properties of foamed concrete.

Using Poplar P-RC APMP as raw materials for culture paper making, the effect of conventional papermaking process and P-RC APMP fines-calcium carbonate co-flocculation process on the P-RC APMP culture paper properties were studied. The result showed that, comparing to the conventional papermaking process, co-flocculation process can supply paper with better strength properties, bulk and whiteness. When precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were added respectively in conventional papermaking process, the PCC supplied handsheets with better bulk and whiteness, while GCC supplied handsheets with better strength properties. In the co-flocculation process, the effects of PCC and GCC were nearly the same in strength properties and bulk of handsheets, but PCC was more beneficial for whiteness. SEM images showed that PCC distributed more evenly in the fiber network, and well-bonded with fiber network. The particle size of GCC is relatively small, mainly filled in the fiber network and wrapped on the fiber.

This paper describes the precipitated calcium carbonate filler applied to paper industry, which was prepared by adding a specific crystal control agent. And a series of influencing factors in carbonation process was studied, such as carbonization temperature, concentration of milk of lime, carbon dioxide concentration and the crystal shape control dosage. Therefore the optimum conditions for preparation of chrysanthemum-shaped crystalline calcium carbonate were determined.

This paper experimentally examined the impact of four different drying methods (free drying, press drying, vacuum drying and impingement drying) on paper physical properties including roughness, elongation, air permeance, tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength. The handsheets materials are HWBKP (Hardwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), SWBKP (Softwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), CTMP (Chemical Thermo mechanical Pulp) and ATMP (Advanced Thermo Mechanical Pulp). Good experimental data were obtained for the four pulps under different drying conditions. The results of our investigation indicate that press drying have lower surface roughness, elongation and air permeance but higher tearing resistance; the vacuum drying have higher roughness, tensile index and bursting strength; the impingement drying have lower tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength but higher elongation and air permeance. Selection of different drying conditions for effective productivity and quality improvement potential is proposed as a direction for the future dryer design.