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Influences of self-developed additives WEC02/WEC03 on sizing of mechanical pulp are analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the optimal dosage for paper sizing were 0.2% (w/w) for WEC02, with sizing degree of 33 s, and 0.8% for WEC03, with sizing degree of 52 s. In addition, the combined usage of WEC02 (0.2%) and WEC03 (0.6%) at pH7.0 could get better sizing performance than single application of WEC02 or WEC03 with sizing value of 77 s. It is obvious that WEC02/WEC03 have great potential to improve sizing efficiency in neutral paperrmaking, leading to saving the sizes dosage and cutting down the production cost.

Dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) is wood-decaying fungus. It grows frequently in our territory and it causes big damages on structures. Remediation of damaged structures is very difficult, sometimes impossible, therefore it is necessary to study preventive protection against dry rot fungus. PVA nanofibred fabrics with synthetic and natural biocidal additives were used for this experiment. Filter papers soaked in dopes with biocidal substances were other materials used for this experiment. Pieces of nanofiber fabrics and pieces of filter papers soaked in dopes were placed to Petri dishes with broth. Small cuts of dry rot fungus were placed around them. This experiment was performed in conditions, which promote the growth of dry rot fungus. Growth of dry rot fungus was studied.

This paper describes the method of treating wheat straw pulp black liquor with microwave radiation. The granular activated carbon and CuO are used as a catalyst.Effects of effective factors such as the total amount, ratio, microwave power, time on treating process are studied. The reaction mechanism is also researched. The results indicate that the oxidative decomposition process of lignin or organic pollutants is combined action of activated carbon and CuO absorption-degradation with microwave induced oxidization. This approach is easy to operate, quickly to treat, completely to react and no new pollutants. So it is used to treat black liquor of containing organic pollutes which is hardly degraded.

As the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuels, biomass has developed various technologies of energy utilization. In order to adjust the syngas composition, increase the ratio of H2/CO and reduce CO2 content, this paper conducted biomass gasification experiment in an entrained flow bed on CaO sorption. The paper studied influence factors like the gasification temperature, ratio of CaO/B and gasification parameters, such as ratio of H2/CO, cold gas efficiency, cold gas yield or tar content in syngas. The result showed that raising gasification temperature or increasing added content of CaO which were beneficial to the improvement of H2 content. A maximum H2 output with a concentration of 62.7% and H2/CO ratio of 3.19 was achieved at CaO/C=1, H2O/B=0.3 and T=1100°C, meanwhile the cold gas efficiency was 86.07%, the cold gas yield reached 1.2Nm3/kg biomass, and the tar content was dropped to 314.6mg/Nm3.

Recovery and use of secondary fiber for paper production is increasing all over the word. In recovered paper recycling, stickies are the most detrimental among the contaminants, affecting both the process efficiency and the quality of the final product. In this study, StickAway enzyme was used to treat the old newspaper(ONP) pulps. The effect of enzymatic treatment on the macro and micro-stickies, the drainage property, as well as the formation of paper products were investigated. After treatment of samples with 3LU/g (o.d pulp) doses of enzymatic for 1.5 h, it was found that 14.6% of the micro-stickies could be removed. The cationic demand, turbidity value and particle size were decreased 7.23%, 14.4% and 6.02% respectively compared the control sample. Furthermore, enzymatic treatment also improved the drainage properties of pulp slurry and the formation of paper products. Results confirmed that under the optimal conditions, the StickAway enzyme show the excellent performance in the treatment of the stickies of recovered pulps.

The lignin removal of pulping process is left in black liquor, and with relation to the paper pulp lignin. The higher the black liquor lignin content is, the bigger the lignin of paper pulp is removed. This paper analyzes the delignification mechanism of wheat straw atmospheric pressure pulping with microwave radiation. The relations of black liquor lignin content and alkali concentration to pulping time are described in detail. The results show that delignification process is divided into two stages: quick stage and residual stage. The lignin removal rate in the first stage is much higher than the second stage, that is, lignin has been removed more sufficiently after quick stage. In first stage, reaction order of delignification is 1.0, and 0.7 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 38.62 kJ • mol-1. The latter delignification also belongs to the first-order reaction and 4.4 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 75.56 kJ • mol-1. Apparently, residual stage needs to consume large amounts of energy to removal lignin.

The hydrophobicity characteristic of lignocellulosic fibers is an advantage for some paper or paperboard. In this work, the unbleached kraft pulp was treated by laccase and lauryl gallate (LG). The sizing degree, water retention value (WRV) and the wet strength of the treated fibers were studied. The optimal process conditions such as the beating degree of pulp, the drying time and drying temperature of the resulting paper for improving the sizing degree and wet strength were discussed. The results showed that the sizing degree of pulp with beating degree of 25 °SR could be increased by 4.6 times after laccase/LG treatment. The optimal drying time and temperature of the resulting handsheet was 30 min and 105°C for improving the sizing degree of pulp, respectively. The water retention value of pulp with beating degree of 25 °SR decreased. The wet/dry tensile index value of the treated pulp increased after laccase/LG treatment. The high drying temperature (above 105 °C) of handsheet helped to enhance the wet strength of pulp.

The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of cellulase enzyme treatment of the pulp on the reduction of energy consumption and the physical strength of old corrugated containers (OCC) fibers. Different cellulase samples including Novozyme Fibercare R, Novozyme Fibercare U and Novozyme Fibercare D used to improve the pulp beatability and physical strength of OCC fibers were comparatively studied. The effects of different cellulase samples on the breaking length and bursting index of paper were investigated. It was shown that Novozyme Fibercare D was proved to be the suitable cellulase sample used in the pretreatment of OCC fibers. It could become possible that the energy consumption of pulp beating reduced by 33.3% and the breaking length and bursting index of paper sheets increased by 50% when OCC fibers were dealt with Novozyme Fibercare D.

Paper properties, including physical properties and optical properties, fiber quality analysis and COD in the pulp effluent were used to investigate the effects of substituting Mg (OH)2 for NaOH on the properties of poplar APMP in this paper. The results from fiber quality analysis showed that increasing the substitution levels of Mg (OH)2 for NaOH in the poplar APMP could increase the content of fiber fines,the pulp had shorter average length,and levels of kinking and curl reduced.The results of paper properties analysis ,including physical properties and optical properties ,showed that the bulk and light scattering coefficient of handsheets could be improved,while the physical strength and brightness couled be decreased after using Mg (OH)2.The research for COD in the pulp effluent showed that it could reduce content of COD in the pulp effluent after substituting Mg (OH)2 for NaOH on the properties of poplar APMP,so that clean production can come true easierly,while it could retrench the cost of production and yield good economic returns.

Nowadays, over 95 % of fly ash is used as construction products in the Czech Republic. However, around 80 % of fly ash is used for renovation of open-pit quarries and areas affected by human activity. Production of artificial aggregate is the way to use over 90 % of energy by-products in the building material industry. It is necessary to find appropriate combination of parameters of input materials and conditions of production to get optimal properties of aggregate. The paper gives an account of the influence of parameters of fly ash and conditions of firing on the quality of ceramic body made from fly ash. Temperatures of 1050 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C were examined. The research focused on the structure of the ceramic body as well as its physico-mechanical parameters.

The manufacturing of furniture using rattan is becoming common nowadays, and creates high amount of waste that can be value-added into binderless particleboards (BPB). In order to determine the suitability of the rattan waste for production of BPB, characterization of rattan waste is executed and reported in this paper. The physical properties such as density and moisture content of the rattan waste, together with its morphological study and thermal analysis as well as lignin content are evaluated. It is observed that density and moisture content for rattan waste are in the range of 0.64g/cm3, and 11.3% respectively. On the other hand, the morphology of rattan stem showed that rattan waste has various diameters of vascular bundles along with wide metaxylem vessels as well as thin-walled fibres. Thermal analysis of rattan waste explicated that rattan waste went through endothermic process with peak melting point of 177.80 °C during heating. The greatest weight loss occurred at 257.03 °C. Rattan waste has high lignin content of 21.2% that obtained through Klason lignin test. These promising preliminary results show that the rattan waste is appropriate to be used as raw materials in producing BPB.

Graphene is a remarkable material with high electron mobility, good mechanical strength and almost transparent. In this paper, we review the available methods which are chemical vapour deposition, Hummers and electrochemical exfoliation method for the production of graphene. Among the extensive studies in the application of graphene, supercapacitor has gained much attention nowadays. Therefore, we also briefly review the application of graphene as electrodes for the supercapacitor devices.

The paper based on a comparative study between poplar wood and modified poplar wood, concerning dimensional stability, physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that air-dry density and ASE value of modified wood samples were increasing in different levels with change of the modifier concentration, compared with untreated poplar wood. The air-dry density of modified wood reached 0.41 g/cm3 with increase of 5.3% compared to poplar wood. ASE reached 47.8% and the water-absorption ratio decreased by 38% at most when the modifier concentration was 30 wt.%. Moreover, the MOE and MOR of modified poplar wood increased up to 27.4% and 13% respectively when the modifier concentration was 25 wt.%. The SEM spectrum showed some wood rays and the gaps between staggered fibers were filled by modifier.

Lignin is the second most abundant naturally occurring macromolecule found in plant cell-wall, vascular components and woody stems. It is the largest renewable source of aromatic biopolymer. However, lignin is recalcitrant to be broken down by most chemicals. This is because of its complicated heterogeneous molecular structure. However, lignin depolymerization has huge potentials for the synthesis of a number of useful chemicals, perfumes and pharmaceuticals and toiletries. The oxidation products of lignin are important precursors for pulp/paper and food industries, synthetic thin films. Vanillin, veratryl aldehyde and para-benzoquinone are the oxidation products of lignin. These chemicals are the precursors of optically active alcohol, ketone, violuric acid and benzaldehyde. However, the oxidation of biolignin has been remaining a challenging task. Green catalytic approaches might be an interesting solution for the selective depolymerization of lignin into various platform chemicals. Metal oxide/silica supported nanoporous gold has received strong attention as green catalyst for the transformation of various natural polymers. Mesoporous metal oxide/silica provide enlarged surfaces for the breakdown of C-C, C-H and C-OH bonds. This paper has reviewed various green catalytic approaches for the control depolymerization of biolignin into platform chemicals.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between drying and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. Reconstructed images were used to describe ink absorption in coated paper by LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective using LSCM to characterize the ink penetration depth and distribution uniformity. This method could not damage the specimen and did not need fluorescent dye to stain the specimen, which decreased the errors by hand operation. The results indicated that drying temperature affected ink penetration depth and distribution evenness. Higher and lower drying temperature could not contribute to ink absorption uniformity. With the drying temperature increasing, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased.

The influences of endo-cellulase pretreatment of bleached softwood pulp before refining was investigated in this paper. Refining energy consumption, paper properties, wetting properties, electric charge and aggregation structure of fiber were investigated. The results showed that pretreated with endo-cellulase at the dosage of 0.4ECG/g before refining could increase the refining degree by 53.09%, and it would reduce refining energy consumption significantly. At this dosage, the tensile index of the paper sheet increased while the tear index of paper sheet decreased slightly. Additionally, enzymatic pretreatment could raise fiber surface wettability, lower the absolute value of Zeta potential and decrease the crystallinity of fiber, which was help to improve refining performance.

The improvement of Kraft Liner board strength, including burst index, ring crush index , inter-layer binding strength and folding endurance was investigated. The performance of several WEC paper chemicals were compared to select the optimum one and the most appropriate level. It was found that: (1) with respect to bottom liner board pulp, the optimum furnish was experiment G-3 with the dosage of 0.3% WEC03S + 0.2% WEC02 , while ring crush index being increased by 47.6% , folding endurance by 50.0% and burst index by 20.7%. (2) in terms of three layers composite structure of linerboard, the optimum furnish was experiment E-4 with the dosage of 0.3% WEC03S + 0.1% WEC02 +0.04% WEC02A for cover layer , that of 0.3% WEC02 + 0.03% WEC02A for bottom layer , and that of 0.03% WEC02A for core layer.

To observe binder distribution, and obtain the relationship between drying method and binder distribution in the z-direction, Rhodamine B was used to stain the binder and as the probe to characterize z-directional distribution of the binder using LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective method using LSCM to characterize the z-directional distribution of binder and analyze the influence of dry method on binder migration. It could be concluded that the dry method was critical to binder distribution in coated paper and vacuum drying accelerated binder migration to the base paper, however vacuum drying made uniform binder distribution. Infrared drying was good to producing little binder migration towards the interior of base paper, but infrared drying was disadvantageous to even binder distribution.

Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of ink type on ink absorption and characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink pigment penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. It could be concluded Common offset printing ink compared with UV offset printing resulted in deeper ink penetration ,uneven ink distribution and lower print density. Because the composition and drying method of UV offset printing ink and common offset printing ink were significant different, penetration depth and distribution uniformity of these two types of offset printing ink in coated paper were distinct.

Rosin as a natural renewable resource has become an important research topic. The esterifiable rosin used to do the cation neutral sizing agent has the advantages of low dosage, good effect, and low demand for equipment. In this paper, the rosin esterification reaction temperature, reaction time had been made a detailed discussion. When the reaction temperature is 230°C, the reaction time is 6h, the dosage of ZnO (as the catalyst) is 0.2% (relative to the rosin), the acid value of rosin is the lowest, and the esterification has the most complete response. The emulsified rosin glyceride as the sizing was used in papermaking. The results showed that the sizing degree of paper was the highest when the dosage of sizing and Al2 (SO4)3 were both 1.5 %( relative to the dry pulp).

During the wet PU, PVC synthetic production, MCC could be served as a good micropore and thickening agents, and could obviously enhance the feel and elasticity of synthetic leather, but cotton pulp and wood pulp resources, which were used as raw material commonly to produce MCC for synthetic leather, was limited. In this paper, MCC was prepared with wheat straw pulp through the dilute acid hydrolysis, alkali treatment, enzyme treatment, drying and crushing. This paper focused on the effect of conditions of acid hydrolysis on performance of MCC, and the optimization of process parameters. The morphology, size, crystallinity and thermostability of MCC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, TGA spectrograph. Wheat Straw MCC could meet the requirements of synthetic leather industry standards for MCC.

Single factor experiment was used to investigate neutral deinking technology of old magazine paper (OMG) by self-compounded NTM-2 deinking agent. Olympus inverted biological microscope were used to research distribution state of ink particles in the secondary pulp before and after deinking treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze fiber surface changing during neutral deinking and ink particles dispersing behaviors in the paper. The results showed that NTM-2 deinking agent had a good deinking effect to OMG, optimum operation conditions of neutral deinking was NTM-2 0.5%, deinking temperature 50°C, deinking time 40min, repulper time 25s, pulp consistence 1.0%, and floatation time 6 min. Under these conditions, brightness of the deinked pulp increased 8.4%SBD, and the ink removal efficiency reached by 90%. Olympus inverted biological microscope images showed that there were a large number of ink particles in the un-treated pulp, and these ink particles integrated with fibers tightly. After treated by neutral deinking, most of ink particles were separated from the fiber, dispersed and suspended in the pulp evenly. SEM images indicated that there were little ink particles in the secondary paper, the fiber surface turned more smoother, and the clean degree would nearly corresponding to the effect of alkaline deinking.

Several kinds of fibre materials including waste paper, wheat straw, bamboo and hardwood pulp were refined by using medium consistency refiner (MC refiner) at pulp consistency of 6-10%, and fibre fractions classification and length distribution after refining, paper physical properties and specific energy consumption during refining were compared with the refining process by using traditional low consistency refiner (LC refiner) at pulp consistency of 3-4%. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pulp consistency on refining response of the fibre materials. Results show that refining at consistency of 6-10% with the MC refiners effectively preserves fibre length, and the pulp after refining contains higher proportion of long fibre fractions in comparison with the pulp refined at consistency of 3-4% with LC refiners. It is also found in the experiments that physical properties of the paper made from the pulp refined at consistency of 6-10% with the MC refiners obviously enhance, and specific energy consumption during refining reduces by 30% compared with the refining at consistency of 3-4% with LC refiners.

This study obtained 12 microbial degradation of cellulose from perennial accumulation of cellulose waste soil, through Congo red staining, isolated high efficient bacteria N4 degradation of cellulose. The N4 strain degradation single factor experiment showed that: carbon concentration, incubation temperature and initial pH value influence on the degradation of filter paper. Through the orthogonal experimental study obtained: when the concentration of filter paper is 0.5%, culture temperature is 30 °C, initial pH is 8, N4 strain filter paper degradation rate reached optimal, filter paper weight loss rate of 68.92%.

The reeds are the reeds of the Gramineae Lo bamboo family and they are major non-wood papermaking raw materials. Based on the importance of the reed in the papermaking, many useful discussions have been carried out about its pulping and bleaching processes (Shatalov et al.,2001).Finnish scholars reported a pulp by the xylanase treatment could reduce the segment of chloride to chlorine consumption of 25% for the first time in 1986 (Viikari et al., 1986),and it was soon put into industrial production after then. Xylanase can reduce the amount of chemical additives by improving the bleach ability of the pulp, thereby reducing environmental pollution and reduce production costs, and increase the brightness of the paper (Anatoly et al., 2007).Although many scholars have done a lot of research in biobleaching, and have made some progress, but most of the selection of microorganisms are fungi and neutrophilic bacteria, the production of xylanase is usually in the pH 5 - 7, 40-50°C which often leads to maximal activity, thus lack of compatibility with the conventional chemical pulping process. In recent years, the thermal stability of alkaline xylanase has been paid much attention (Shatalov et al.,2003). Alkalophilic bacteria secreted extracellular enzyme with heat, basophilic characteristics, can be used directly to the biopulping pretreatment and bleaching of wood and non wood raw materials. The recent study on organic solventbased pulping of giant reed showed that competitive papermaking fibres could be produced using this advanced pulping technology (Shatalov and Pereira, 2001). The amount of enzyme not only directly affects the size of pulp hardness, degree of polymerization and brightness, but also was the basis for investigating the economic of dealing with enzyme.The results of alkaline bacteria xylanase bleaching ramie fiber have been reported previously (Zheng et al., 2000). In this study, the xylanase of alkalophilic Bacillus is used in reed pulp bleaching pretreatment, and the physical and chemical properties of the enzyme to deal with the reed pulp are analyzed.

The main materials of artificial fiber pulp are natural fiber from wood and linters etc. However, it will be more and more difficult to make this pulp in China because of the scarcity of forest resource and cotton field. Reed is widely distributed with high yield in china. Therefore, exploitation and utilization of reed in artificial fiber pulping have an important social significance. The artificial pulp made from reed was studied in this paper. The pulping method adopted pre-hydrolysis followed by Kraft cooking. The results showed that the great influence factors of pre-hydrolysis were the highest temperature and holding time. The optimal pre-hydrolysis conditions were: 175 °C, 75min, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:6. Under the conditions, semi-slurry yield was 60.8%. Compared with the chemical composition of reed materials, the pentosan decreased from 20.33% to 7.37%, the lignin decreased from 26.46% to 21.14%, ash decreased from 5.56% to 4.05%, besides the relative holocellulose increased from 75.95% to 81.26%. The dissolving pulp obtained after cooking and bleaching of semi-slurry met with pulp performance index requirement.

Because of the coating binder migration in cross-section of coating layer, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The Paper studied the effects of pigment type, coating color solid content and dying temperature on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The mechanism of binder migration was also proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature, that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased. The result also indicated that the degree of binder migration was increased with reduced the coating solid content.

In order to study the preparation and property of the multi layer composite paperboard, bleached wheat straw pulp, bleached chemical thermal mechanical pulp and waste newsprint pulp are used as raw materials to making paperboard. The results show that the bonding force between fibers of grasses chemical pulp is strong which can improve the bonding strength between the layers. Bleached wheat straw pulp is used as outer layer and waste news paper pulp is used as inner layer to make composite paperboard has high physical properties. Bleached chemical thermal mechanical pulp fiber is shorter, so paperboard tightness and physical strength reduce, which can be used as the lining of the multi layer composite paperboard to improve the stiffness of the paperboard and reduce the cost.

The coating binder in cross-section of coating layer will be migrated, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The paper studied the effects of coating progress on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. During coating process the drying rate, dwell time from coating device to dryer and coating weight affect the binder migration. The mechanism of binder migration was proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature and coating weight, but reduces with extending the dwell time.

In order to analyze the hydraulic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW), laboratory tests on the soil-water characteristic curves of 6 groups of MSW samples with different void ratios and organic contents are performed by means of the unsaturated consolidation apparatus. The filter paper method is also employed to determine their soil-water characteristic curves. The distribution indexλof void size of the samples is analyzed. The results show that the air-entry value of the MSW samples is very small and about 1kPa, and it increases owing to the action of loading. The value ofλ decreases with the increase of the initial void ratio and increases with the increase of the organic content in the samples. For measuring the soil-water characteristic curves of MSW by means of the filter paper method, the values at high suction phase are more rational and significant.

Cooking method of wheat straw pulp was investigated by microwave radiation at ambient pressure. In the microwave irradiation, wheat straw was cooked with mixed-alkali at normal pressure. The optimum process conditions determined by single-factor and orthogonal experiments were provided as follows: total alkali content was 16%, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:6,and microwave irradiation time was 45min. Paper performance tests was run and showed that the index was equal or better than those produced by conventional methods. A consistent yield (around 60.1%) of wheat straw pulp was observed after repeated experiments.

The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are susceptible to microbial degradation, highly efficient, non-toxic, no secondary pollution, etc, and are considered to be the most promising biological polymers. At present, EPS have been considered by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewater and sludge treatment process. They are insoluble organic matter adhesive to the cell surface, and they mainly derive from microbial metabolism and cell autolysis, which are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA. Based on illustrating content, function and structure composition of EPS, the paper reviews the action mechanism of EPS on flocculation and settlement of activated sludge and those flocculation, settlement and dewatering properties in the sewage treatment system. In addition, it summarizes the development trend and application prospect of EPS, which would provide valuable references for further research and application of EPS.

Based on the requirements of sustainable development and innovative design concept, Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering solves the paper based Al film forming technology of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard material so as to obtain new environmental protection. To explore the combination design, aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture design idea and concept of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard and other materials of the modular design, promotes the application and practical popularization value. The production of functional strong, stylish new aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture, can meet the needs of a growing social material production and life.

This document demonstrates how to affect the brightness of liquid package recycled pulp by hydrogen peroxide bleaching and FAS beaching. The optimum H2O2 bleaching process conditions: 8% H2O2, 4% NaOH, bleaching temperature 80 °C, bleaching time 1.5h. The best FAS bleaching conditions was FAS dosage of 0.5%, NaOH dosage of 0.25%, bleaching temperature at 80 °C, time for 30min. And bleaching had no adverse effect on the performance of bleached pulp fiber.

In this research, the laccase mediator system (LMS) was used to modify the unbleached triploid populus tomentosa alkaline hydrogen peroxide pulp (APMP). The changes of pulp brightness were measured and the effects of LMS on the subsequent hydrogen peroxide bleaching were also determined. Besides, the fiber morphology was analyzed by ESEM, and then the obvious changes of pulp have been recovered. In a word, the LMS has obvious effect on cellulose.

This paper made the detailed discourse for the study on using cellulase, hemicellulase hydrolysis of poplar fiber raw material to make glucose. The raw material used in this experiment is poplar, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes are used. Hemicellulase is a complex system, xylose is regarded as the main chain for a lot of hemicellulose. The experiment used dry poplar as raw material, through the ball mill, ground poplar into wood powder. In the experiment, the optimal condition of enzyme hydrolysis of wood powder has been discussed based on reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme concentration, and the pH value of reaction. Finally, under the optimal condition, use enzyme to hydrolyse wood powder, measure reducing sugar content by the DNS method, and calculate the rate of hydrolysis.

In this paper, synthesis and fluorescence performance of graphene oxide have been primarily studied. Fistly, graphene oxide with remarkable fluorescence performance was prepared by modified hummer’s method. Secondly, changing the reaction time, the structure and size of graphene oxide were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Malvern Zeta-Size Analyzer, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the XRD patterns of graphene oxide were discussed. Finally, the fluorescence performance of graphene oxide solution were analyzed using fluorescence spectrometer.

The Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a frequently used flocculant for high concentration suspensions removal in water treatment characterized by the generation of large and dense flocs. In this paper, by using the anionic PAM as flocculant, a full-scale experimental study was carried out on flocculating ferric flocs sludge with pelleting flocculation blanket process under scale of 19~38 m3/h. The investigation aimed to optimum the dosage of the PAM and evaluate the application of the PAM in ferric flocs sludge treatment. The experimental results indicated that the increasing of PAM dosage could improve both outlet turbidity and thicken sludge concentration obviously, under the raw wastes concentration of 285~1022 mg/L, the system could achieve ideal operation effect with PAM dosage of 0.3~2.7 mg/L and treatment unit surface loading of 19~38 m3/m2·H. The investigation results also proved that there exists an approximately linear relationship between optimal PAM dosage and raw sludge concentration, that is, the increasing of raw sludge concentration would require synchronously rising of the optimal dosage. While the relationship between maximum surface loading and raw sludge concentration appeared negatively linear dependence, the maximum surface loading would decreased linearly with the increasing of inlet sludge concentration.

In this paper, the use of biosorbents prepared from fruit wastes for removal of anionic dyes in wastewater was investigated. A versatile, scalable and configurable envelop protocol was developed for biosorbents screening and process scale-up evaluations. The results obtained show that enveloped systems did not alter equilibrium and kinetics profiles from those of the standard free sorbent-sorbate systems under the experimental conditions studied. Inherent non-ideal sorbent-sorbate interactions were likely contributor to the observed discriminating features of the linear isotherm fits of the enveloped systems. The results also showed that sorbent weight:sorbate volume ratio (S/L ratio) could be used to characterise the sorbent-sorbate system.

Delignification of banana peel, agricultural waste, is considered in the pulp production because lignin is a major obstacle to the gain of cellulose. The soda process as a conventional method and micro-morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy were fulfilled to investigate an optimal condition in this study. The results pointed the potent sequence of operating factors was delignification temperature > solid-liquid ratio > soda concentration > time. The removal of lignin could achieve 92% under the optimal condition using 12%w soda concentration with 1:8 solid-liquid ratio at 100°C for 40 min. This shows that the alkaline delignification is productively sufficient for the pulp production.

This paper mainly researched on preparation and the setting time of Magnesium Phosphate Cement (MPC). The method of orthogonal experiment was adapted to determine the best ratio of MPC, and change the content and types of the material according to the influence of various factors, so as to get the longer setting time of MPC. The results showed that, when the water cement ratio is 0.12, the factors significantly influencing the setting time is magnesium phosphorus ratio (M/P), fly ash and borax. The optimal mixture ratio was obtained through the orthogonal analysis, namely M/P is 3/1, borax content is 16%, and the amount of fly ash is 40%. When M/P is 1/1 and 2/2, borax content is not more than 22%, and the amount of fly ash was less than 60%, the longer setting time of MPC can be produced.

As a cooking additive, the impact of Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid (DTPMPA) on bamboo kraft pulping was studied. The effect of DTPMPA dosage at different maximum cooking temperature was discussed. The results showed that the cooking aids DTPMPA added in bamboo kraft pulping was able to reduce K value of pulp, improve the screened stock yield and brightness and reduce the alkali charge. The optimized bamboo kraft pulping conditions are: DTPMPA dosage 0.3%, alkali charge 17%, when sulfidity was 20%, maximum cooking temperature was 160°C and time at maximum temperature was 90min. Under the conditions of cooking, the screened yield is 41.53%, the K value is 15.4 and the bamboo pulp brightness is 26.8%.

The composition of dyeing wastewater is complicated, after biochemical treatment, the effluent COD is still unable to meet the emission standard. To achieve discharge standard that often require advanced treatment after biochemical. This paper investigated effect of pH, reaction time, ZnO dosage, dosage of H2O2on the effect of dyeing wastewater treatment by photocatalytic-H2O2, the results showed that the reaction time of 15 min, pH of 4, dosage of ZnO was 4 g/L, 30% H2O2dosage was 1 ml/L, the COD removal rate was highest, can reach more than 55%.

In this paper, we studied the different content of aramid fiber, aramid pulp, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber's effect on EPDM inhibitor material. The result show that aramid fiber can significantly improve the ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, when the content of aramid fiber up to 6.7%,the inhibitor material's ablating rate get the minimum value 0.04mm/s. Aramid pulp can improve ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, but its dispersion in insulation material is difficult. Others inorganic fiber can't lower the ablating rate as much as aramid fiber, it mainly because of the brittleness of inorganic fiber, during the dispersion process, most of fiber had been triturated, so those fiber can't decrease the liner ablation rate of the inhibitor.

This paper presents a study on the different fire retardant treatment technologies influence on the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo particleboard. The results showed: the properties of bamboo particleboard would change with changing of fire retardant treatment technology; among them the treated technology of fire retardant spraying after resin blending had larger changed; compared with non-fire retardant bamboo particleboard, the density and moisture content (MC) and 2h thickness swell (2h TS) of fire retardant bamboo particleboard had a little improved, and their internal bond (IB) and modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) had slightly reduced.

Effects of ultrasonic processing conditions on water retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers, absorbent cotton pulp fiber and straw pulp fiber were discussed. Results showed that ultrasonic power and processing time have an significant impact on water retention value of three kinds of pulp, the effort of ultrasonic treatment temperature on water retention value of three kinds of pulp is less. The water retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers, absorbent cotton pulp fiber and straw pulp fiber, respectively, reach the maximum at power of 300W, 500W, 400W, and processing time of 60min, 120min, 60min.

Effects of mercerizing treatment on water-retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers were discussed and the mercerizing treatment conditions were optimized. The best conditions of mercerizing treatment is NaOH concentration of 7mol/L, temperature of 40°C and processing time of 100min. SEM showed that the fiber cell wall swelling increase after mercerization.

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three lignocellulosic residues (coffee husks, spent coffee grounds and pequi husks) as precursor materials in the production of activated carbons (ACs). Results indicate that the precursor material has a significant effect in both physical and chemical aspects of the adsorbent, with the AC based on spent coffee grounds being the most effective for phenol removal, with maximum adsorption capacity comparable to commercial ACs.

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

Ethanol is a kind of basic biomass liquid energy , the conversion of biomass to ethanol has been studied extensively. The process of biomass pretreatment can change its physical and chemical properties, and these changes affect the chemical conversion of biomass products in quality and yield of late. This paper reviews the physical method, chemical method, biological method, three kinds of pretreatment technique, the related principle and development prospects are introduced.