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Self-supporting film of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), also known as SWNT paper, is held together by Van der Waals force without any chemical binders. Prepared by vacuum filtration method, SWNT paper was then decorated wirh polypyrrole (PPy) through pulsed potentio amperometric polymerization. The results indicated that the SWNT paper had a typical network structure, after polymerizing PPy, cauliflower-like structure was observed on the surface of SWNT ropes. The composite thin film has good cyclic voltammetry (CV) property and the specific capacitance wass ca.420Fg-1, which was much larger than that of pure SWNT paper.

To study deeply ink penetration condition inside the paper, an ink permeability model on the basis of Kubelka-Munk theory is built up in the paper, and infer out the formula of ink penetration depth, consisting of paper thickness and various brightness. And then the test value and calculation value of ink penetration depth are compared. The study results show that the two values are almost the same, so the state of ink penetration depth can be effectively estimated just by paper brightness.

The application of nanosilica in coating of art paper and ink-jet paper is studied. The results show that when nanosilica is used in art paper coating, the dispersity and flowability of the art paper coating are excellent. The surface strength, smoothness and gloss of the paper coated with art paper coating with nanosilica are improved and its yellowing rate is decreased. When nanosilica is used in ink-jet paper coating, the dispersity of prepared ink-jet paper coating is of better, the coated paperboard with ink-jet paper coating with nanosilica is of ink transfer larger, K&N value higher and whiteness higher. The smoothness and gloss of paperboard coated with ink-jet paper coating with silica are improved. The combination application of more kinds of adhesives improves the print gloss of paperboard coated with ink-jet paper coating with silica.

The methods of synthesizing polyurethane (Isophorone diisocyanate IPDI) with paper were investigated. The combination of SEM and IR analysis were used to analyze the chemical and physical characteristics and forming mechanism of the polyurethane derived from paper. The physical of base-paper material improved remarkably on the conditions of dosage of IPD 12%, reaction time 10min and temperature 60°C, facture length elevated by54.4%, folding strength raised by 12.4 times, and wet strength / dry strength was 50.54%.It was found that carbonate bond was formed between IPDI with cellulose in fibers when the paper was treated with IPDI .The treatment can change hydrogen bonds into chemical bonds and enhance the base-paper material’s physical strength. The Hydroxyl of Cellulose and －N=C=O produced the structure of amino formic acid ester, which formed as a bridge between the fibers. The hydrogen combining was transformed to chemical combining, which strengthened the intensity of single fiber and reinforce the combine of fibers. The treatment can change hydrogen bond into chemical bond and improved the paper’s physical strength, especially the wet strength.

The aim of this paper is to present a finite element method to predict buckling characteristics of paper honeycomb sandwich panels with composite skins under dynamic axial compression via ANSYS/LS-DYNA. First of all, some problems of the conventional method using honeycomb plate theory, sandwich laminboard theory and equivalent panel theory were pointed out. In order to develop an effective predicting method, by assuming appropriate periodic boundary condition on the edges, a simplified finite element model on hexagonal structure of a unit cell for sandwich panels was developed utilizing the 3D finite element method. The effective Young's modulus of the cellular wall was obtained from the result of the test on the honeycomb core. Several useful conclusions are drawn about the axial crushing of honeycomb sandwich composites and unit cell and can be used to guide the design of composite structures. The paper further attempts to explain numerical results are well consistent with the corresponding experimental ones.

In order to explore the influence of ink viscosity on its permeability inside paper, three newsprints and three offset paper were firstly chosen to test their basis properties, then 5 ink samples including the original ink were prepared via adding different percentage printing varnish and their viscosities were measured. Under the definite printing condition, the 5 ink samples were printed on the surface of 6 papers with a printability tester respectively. At last, the ink penetrations inside these papers were all tested with a metallographic microscope. The study showed that the decreasing of ink viscosity would lead to the increasing of ink penetration depth, and paper properties had some effects on the ink permeability.

To study deeply ink penetration condition inside the paper, an ink penetration model on the basis of Kubelka-Munk theory is built up in the paper, and infer out the formula of ink penetration depth, consisting of paper thickness and various brightness. And then the test value and calculation value of ink penetration depth are compared. The study results show that the two values are almost the same, so the state of ink penetration depth can be effectively estimated just by paper brightness.

Strengthening agent of cationic polyacrylate emulsion was prepared through semi-continuous seeded pre-emulsion processes. By single factor experiment, investigated the factors which influence on properties of emulsion, such as the proportion of hard and soft segment monomer, the dosage of AM, DMDMAC, emulsifier and initiator, reaction time and temperature, addition time and other factors. The results show that the emulsion has a good enhancement when the monomer ratio of St: MMA: BA is 2:1:3, initiator dosage is 0.7%, the dosage of emulsifiers, AM and DMDMAC are 6%, the amount of protective colloid is 0.3%. Compared to the strength performance between paper with added emulsion and blank paper, find that the performance of paper with added emulsion polymer gets different improves: paper quantitative increase 4.08%, folding strength degree improves 66.67%, tearing degree improves 356.52%, ring compressive strength improves 50.00%, tensile strength improves 44.11%, and bursting strength improves 50.88%

The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) latex on the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions modified with nanosized particles. The elastic storage modulus G′ and the viscid loss modulus G′′ are used to evaluate the dynamic rheologcial properties of paper coating suspensions. The effects of different amount carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber latex on the flow parameters of paper coating suspensions are comparatively presented. It is shown that the dynamic elastic storage modulus G′ and viscid loss modules G′′ of paper coating suspensions increase with the SBR content change from 13% to 18%. The dynamic rheologcial properties are related to the strength of the network structure of paper coating suspensions. It is also found that the elastic storage modulus G′ of paper coating suspensions is larger than viscid loss modulus G′′, which indicates that paper coating suspensions in this investigation all behave like a viscoelastic solid.

This paper deals with the preparation of Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate and Its Application in the Paper Coating. calcium oxide and carbon dioxide were used as major materials to preparetion the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate, The best reaction conditions as follows: w(CaO)：w（H2O）=1：5, V（CO2）：V（atmosphere）=1：2. Then use the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate in spreading. The results show that the Plate-shaped Calcium Carbonate is a high-performance product that can obviously enhance the paper’s smoothness, whiteness, air permeability, printing ink absorbance.

The dynamic mechanical properties of PMIA-Pulp applied paper were investigated. At the same time, the dynamic mechanical properties of DuPont T410 paper were compared. Measurements of the dynamic mechanical properties were carried out on samples of low crystallinity and low orientation over a temperature range from 20°C to +500°C, at a frequency of 110 Hz, at a heating rate of 3°C/min. As the temperature from low to high, three different mechanical states with glassy state, rubber state and fluid state were appeared on DMA temperature curve, it responded the different mode of molecular motion. Storage modulus and glass transition peak of DuPont T410 paper were higher than the self-made applied paper. It means DuPont T410 Paper had a high resistance to external forces and deformation, as well as a good rigidity. Molecular chain freedom movement was difficult and the energy required to move relatively larger.

The research reported here gives some new insights into the influence of lignin content on paper strength properties. The relative amount of total lignin in CTMP was varied by using multistage ClO2 bleaching method. Few differences were observed in fiber morphology charcteristics of CTMP during ClO2 treatments. Linear correlations greater than 99% were found between total lignin content and paper strength properties. The influences of lignin content on Scott bond and tensile strength were greater than that of tear and burst strength.

In this paper two types of oil-paper samples are thermally aged in two temperatures of 120. The samples are constituted by 25# oil, 45# oil and paper. Some aging indicators are measured during the aging process. Three parameters are measured during the aging process. The insulating ability of paper can be evaluated by water content and CO2/CO value. The model of functional relation for degree of polymerization (DP) with CO2/CO value, water content and service period are established by multiple linear regression analysis.

Five offset papers were applied to analyze the influences of the linting and picking problem based on the measurement of paper moisture, tightness, fiber composition and fiber length. The results showed that under the same conditions of paper making with the same raw materials, the printing surface strength increased and linting and picking problem reduced when the paper moisture or tightness are appropriately increased. The paper made with wood materials has a better surface strength and printability than bamboo and straw. The paper which contain less tiny fibers and long fibers, but more medium fibers is less likely to cause the problem of linting and picking.

A novel cationic waterborne epoxy emulsion for oil filter paper was synthesized. Hydrophilic groups were introduced into a multifunctional bisphenol-A novolac epoxy resin (NEP) by chemical modification, while maintaining the epoxy groups as many as possible, which were neutralized to form the equably water dispersed epoxy resin. The structure of modified NEP in different rate of ring-opening was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The emulsion particle dispersion and micromorphology of waterborne bisphenol-A novolac epoxy resin (WNEP) was detected by granularity measured instrument and TEM. Mechanical properties and microstructure of oil filter papers impregnated by five different waterborne epoxy emulsions were tested and observed by SEM. From the results it can be shown that oil filter paper impregnated by WNEP emulsion has comprehensive properties better than other four commercialized products, exhibiting the best air permeability and improved bursting strength15% higher than that impregnated by poly-styrene-acrylate (PSA) latex.

In this paper, the hemicelluloses was extracted by alkali from aspen, then it was made to be surface enhance agent by cationic modification. The original and modified hemicelluloses were characterized by FT-IR and GC. The effect of hemicelluloses species, content and treatment time on the strength of paper were studied. The results showed that the optimum content of cationic hemicelluloses for surface enhance was 6% at 35°C for 15s. In the conditions, the tensile strength and crushing strength were increased by more than one time. Compared with the original hemicelluloses, when substitution degree of the cationic hemicelluloses was higher than 0.03, the modified hemicelluloses with better quality of surface enhance.

Aramid paper was manufactured using poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers and fibrids, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used as dispersant to improve the uniformity of fiber distribution. The Paper Perfect Formation Analyzer (PPF) and the BFT-1 type β Formation tester were used to determine the formation of the aramid paper, and the relationship between the formation and the mechanical strength of aramid paper was discussed. Results showed that the tensile strength and tear strength of aramid paper before hot calendering is affected strongly by its grammage standard deviation, but is less affected by its formation nonuniformity as a function of the scale of foramtion, the R2 correlation between tensile strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.63, and the R2 correlation between tear strength and grammage standard deviation was 0.73. However, the nonuniformity of formation in the range of scale of formation 0.8-22.7mm has great influence on the tensile strength of aramid paper after hot calendering, and the R2 correlation between tensile strength and formation nonuniformity in this range of scale of formation was greater than 0.58.

Paper is the main print material, whose performance is a factor that effects the printing’s dot gain which is bad to image clarity and color reproduction. In the paper, Yule-Nielsen neugebauer spectral modal is analyzed , and the relation between paper’s spectral reflectance and the printing’s dot gain is discussed. By experiments, the paper’s spectral reflectance is adopted as correction index, which can reduce the dot gain value of the light color patch , and in the same printing conditions the dot gain is effected by the paper’s spectral reflectance, ink’s type, dot area percentage and wavelengths. The research has a certain significance for controlling printing quality and reducing the producing cost.

In order to improve the properties of mica paper, aramid fiber and PVA fiber were employed in mica paper as additive. Aramid fiber can act as skeleton and improve the dielectric strength of mica paper greatly accordingly at the optimum dosages of aramid fiber, 4%. When 3% of PVA fibers were added the tensile strength of mica paper increased significantly. It is because PVA fibers can smelt and act as bond for mica flake and aramid fiber under high temperature. The optimum beating degree of aramid fiber was 35 oSR, and the optimum drying temperature was 100°C. Compared with traditional mica paper, dielectric strength of composite mica paper with aramid fiber and PVA fiber increased above 25% and tensile strength increased 2.30 times under this optimum condition. In addition, the insulation performance of composite mica paper also improved substantially.

In order to predict and control the ink penetration depth, The base properties of 5 offset paper were firstly measured, namely, tightness、smoothness and K&N ink absorbency, etc. Then the penetration depth when offset magenta ink of the same volume entered into these papers was tested after printing. It was analyzed on the influences of offset paper and print processes on ink penetration depth. Finally, the relationships between the ink penetration depth under pressure and that under no pressure were studied. The results showed that both the tightness and smoothness of offset papers had impact on ink penetration into the paper internal structure, and the total ink penetration depth was about 1/5~1/3 of the thickness of the offset papers. In addition, the ink penetration depth under pressure was obviously lager than that under no pressure.

Gas diffusion layer is a very important component in fuel cell, and carbon fiber paper is widely used as substrate of gas diffusion layer. This paper has developed one way to produce carbon fiber paper from carbon fiber felt with or without pretreatment. The properties and microstructure of carbon fiber paper were also stdied. The results show that the pretreatment of carbon fiber felt is helpful to prepare carbon fiber paper with good properties. The content of carbon derived from resin during pretreatment has effects on density, thickness, porosity, gas permeability, porosity and tensile streagth of carbon fiber paper. Carbon fiber paper made from carbon fiber felt with pretreatment has better interface adhension than that of carbon fiber paper made from carbon fiber felt without pretreatment. Carbon fiber paper was produced with thickness of 0.28mm, density of 0.43g/cm3, porosity of 77%, gas permeability of 2500 mL•mm/(cm2•hr•mmAq), specific resistance of 0.017Ω•cm and tensile strength of 18MPa, which is a promising materials for fuel cell electrode.

We examined the molecular orientation of paper and mechanical properties of prepared paper yarn by twisting strips of paper made from various ratios of mulberry bast and Manila hemp. The molecular orientation of paper in direction of the strip was highest for paper with a mulberry bast weight ratio of 30 wt% as measured by a microwave molecular orientation analyzer. In contrast, the paper yarn sample with a mulberry bast weight ratio of 100 wt% showed a low molecular orientation of paper in direction of the strip. For mechanical properties, paper yarn with mulberry bast weight ratio of 30 wt% had the highest strength and Young’s modulus and the lowest elongation. These results show that the mechanical properties of the paper yarn depend on the molecular orientation of the paper in direction of strip.

To prove the indentation quality of packaging products, the indentation depth and the bottom die width were changed to study the effect of the indentation on the indentation quality and make sure the best indentation depth with HANATEK indentation tester for 20kinds of paper. The relationship between the performance of paper and the best indentation depth is analyzed by the method of linear regression. The result shows that the deeper the indentation depth is, the bigger the folding angle is. The folding angle of steel wire and paper fibers in parallel rows is bigger than that in vertical rows. The deflection and longitudinal tensile strength of paper have notable effect on the indentation depth, transverse tensile strength and tightness are poor and the folding endurance has no remarkable influence.Printing packing profession in our country has made significant progress with the rapid growth of economy and the rapid expansion of international trade. The postpress technology plays a key role to the quality of printing packing and the die cutting indentation is the important technique of production. The die cutting indentation makes the print artistic and suitable , it suits all kinds of print surface finishing process and is widely applied in book cover, trademark, label, as well as carton. So how the quality of the die cutting indentation has directly effect on the market image. However, the indentation processing basically depends on the experience of technical staff in the factory at present. To study the relationship between the performance of paper and the indentation condition can provide certain scientific basis for the choice of indentation process.

In the offset process, ink penetration performance has extremely important influence on the quality of printed products. Ink penetration behavior and ink transfer volume on the offset paper surface were researched with the aid of IGT printability tester (AIC2-5) in the conditions of temperature 20±3°C and humidity of 60 ± 5%. Effect of different printing pressure and printing speed on the ink penetration depth was discussed, and at the same time, the depth was measured by GX71 Inverted Metallurgical Microscope. The results showed that, with the increasing of printing pressure, the changes of ink penetration depth and the ink transfer volume on offset paper surface were increased firstly and then decreased. When printing pressure was 400N, the ink penetration depth reached the maximum 71.67μm and the ink transfer volume reached the maximum too. With the enhancing of printing speed, ink penetration depth and ink transfer volume would be decreased gradually. The study also found that ink penetration behavior had certain influence on the ink color forming properties. For the offset paper used in this experiment, when ink penetration depth was 60.0μm~63.0μm, the print had high ink color intensity and color efficiency. When the ink penetration depth was too deep, ink color intensity and color efficiency was significantly reduced, while the color hue error would be increased, the print ink color turned shallow.

In this paper, allyl maleated rosin ester was synthesized by the esterification of maleic rosin and allyl alcohol with catalyst. And then a new waterborne paper-plastic composite adhesive was prepared through the semi-continuous emulsion polymerization method with allyl maleated rosin ester, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid as raw materials. The product of esterification was analyzed by IR spectra, and its acid value was determined too. Polymer was analyzed by DSC and IR spectra and its T-style peel strength was determined. The adsorption effect of adhesives to ink was also tested. The results showed that this paper-plastic composite adhesive had good adhesive properties: excellent compatibility with the ink, longer stability period, and low cost.

Silicon oxide (SiOx) were deposited on many substrates such as silicon, glass, and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and widely used in industry due to their excellent impressive barrier, electrical, optical and eco-friendly properties. However, few publications that focus on paper as substrate in sputtering have been found. SiOx films were deposited on papers by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The influences of process parameters, RF power density and deposition time on deposition rate, surface roughness, mechanical properties and humidity barrier of the films were investigated. The result from atomic force microscopy (AFM) applied to investigate the surface morphologies showed that papers being deposited SiOx (SiOx/Paper) films with the average roughness were much more homogenous and smoother than raw papers. Horizontal, vertical elastic modulus and yield strength of SiOx/Pap clearly increased. The water vapor transmission rate of SiOx/Paper films, which prepared at RF density of 2.78 W/cm2, argon (Ar) flux of 40 sccm and deposition time of 36 min decreased 15times, and the oxygen transmission rate did 10 times. Additional investigations regarding printability focusing on the color reproduction properties were also carried out.

Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, fiber content, ash content ,C, H, S, N content and metal content of sludge in three sedimentation tanks.Besides,COD,SS, sludge concentration were analyzed and optical microscope photoes of sludge were got.The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value of three sludges was alkalescent, metal elements were varied, lots of bacteria in wet sludge. From the first tank to the third one,COD and SS are gradually diminishing The research of sludge’s properties may be helpful to sludge treatment.

Effects of ultrasonic on properties of modified soybean protein adhesives for duplex paper were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the treatment temperature had the greatest impact on adhesion strength among all factors. Optimum conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiment as follows: modified temperature 60°C, concentration of urea 5 mol/L , content of protein 14% , reaction time 3 h and ultrasonic time 20min. At the optimized conditions, the adhesion strength of soybean proteins was 0.79MPa.

Carbon fiber paper was modified by adding carbon nanotubes to make it reach the demand of gas diffusion layer (GDL) by the process of impregnation with phenolic resin solution dispersed with carbon nanotubes, molding, and carbonization. The properties of modified carbon fiber paper, thickness, density, porosity, gas permeability, specific resistance and tensile strength, were characterized. The results indicate that surface treatment is helpful to disperse carbon nanotubes in phenolic resin. Phenolic resin is used to bond the carbon fibers, and carbon nanotube could reduce the specific resistance of the carbon fiber paper. When carbon nanotube content is 5 %, modified carbon fiber paper is prepared with thickness of 0.30 mm, density of 0.43 g/cm3, porosity of 77 %, gas permeability of 2400 mL•mm/(cm2•h•mmAq), specific resistance of 0.020 Ω•cm and tensile strength of 15 MPa, which basically qualifies for the application requirement.

The influences of the oxidative modification, coupling treatment and dispersing agent for carbon fiber dispersion and binding properties were investigated, and the relationships of different ratio of carbon fiber with the physical strength and electrical conductivity of the paper were analyzed. Meanwhile fiber surface morphology, zeta potential and absorbance slurry were tested. The result showed that: coupling modification significantly improved the dispersion performance of carbon fiber, superior than oxidative modification, the increase of the dispersion would enhance the conductivity of carbon fiber network, the effect of CPAM was best in four kinds of surface-active agent, and 30% content of carbon fiber achieved the "percolation threshold” of conductive material.

In this paper, content of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in tobacco leaves, tobacco stems, imported and domestic RT was compared, it was found that content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves was higher than that in RT and tobacco stems; compared with the imported RT, the content of heavy metals in domestic products was higher, especially the content of cadmium was significantly high. The soil was the main source of heavy metals in RT, so strengthening inspection and monitor of soil was necessary and important.

The application of talcum powder (TP) as filler in the production of base sheet of paper-process reconstituted tobacco were studied both by laboratory scale experiment and pilot scale trial. The results showed that using TP as filler of the base sheet obviously improved the ash content and liquid absorption characteristic of the base sheet compared with using precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Meanwhile, the smoking qualities of the base sheets were evaluated by the tobacco experts and the final evaluation results showed that the base sheet with TP had better smoking quality.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is the most widely used co-binder and rheology modifier in paper coating. This work presents an investigation on the effects of CMC on coating structure development by measuring viscosity of the coating colors and by characterizing properties of the dried coatings. The results showed that CMC addition increased coating color viscosity and impeded latex migration to the surface during drying. However brightness, porosity and K&N ink absorbency of the coatings increased. It was assumed that viscosity increase and colloidal interactions between CMC and pigment particles caused less latex to migrate to the surface during drying, which in turn results in higher brightness and porosity of the coatings.

Effect of organic bentonite on rheological behavior of paper coating was studied. Organic bentonite was prepared by treating sodium bentonite with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) at the following conditions: DADMAC 20%, reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 80°C and pH 9. The results showed that shear stress and voscosity of coating enhance with increasing the amount of organic bentonite. In this testing, all of flow curves fitted Cross model very much, and rheologiclal properties showed the pseudoplastic fluid, characterized as obvious shear thinning .The bentonite modified with DADMAC could promote the rheological behavior of coating.

Handmade mulberry paper was coated with flame retardants reagent: ammonium sulphate, at the various concentrations. The properties of mulberry paper, i.e. rate of water absorption, rate of flammability, flash point and mechanical properties expressed as Young’s modulus were studied. Mulberry paper coated with sulphate-based compound was not flammable and the rate of water absorption was decreased, while the elasticity was increased.

Bending resistance of single honeycomb paper-core under axial dynamic load has been analyzed to meet the need of honeycomb paperboard produce. First, the models were built after buckling theory analysis. Dynamic characteristics of compressive process were analyzed in the FEA software. It was indicated that: When the height of model was lower than a certain value, the process was divided into four parts: linear elastic phase, elastic-plasticity phase, plasticity collapse phase and densification phase. However, when the height of model was above than the certain value, the model was easy to bend in the intermediate region. Some results such as force and shearing stress had been gotten. At last, the compressive process was verified by experiment, which was bigger value due to air and glue water existed in honeycomb core.

The Polyamide Polyamine Epichlorhydrin Resin was obtained by using adipic acid, diethylene triamine and epoxy chloropropane as raw materials. The factors that would affect the properties of PAE resin were considered, including the reaction time, the dosage of the epoxy chloropropane, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane and the soaking time, and the wet strengthening property of PAE resin were studied through experiments. The results are as following: the ratio of epoxy chloropropane to diethylenetriamine is 1:1, the injection time of epoxy chloropropane is 8.5 min, the reaction temperature is 75 °C and the soaking time is 35min~40min. Under the optimum conditions, the PAE has a higher wet-strength and solid content, and its viscosity up to 25~35cp.

Various negatively charged and positively charged inorganic nano-materials have been suggested to constitute the so-called microparticle retention systems with cationic or anionic polymers. Anionic microparticle retention systems consisted of cationic polymers and negatively charged inorganic nano-materials with various aspect ratios were reviewed while their working mechanism were analyzed. Cationic microparticle retention systems made up of either naturally or organo-modified cationic nano-materials were introduced.

The color change and bending properties of diapers scrap/PE composite and recycled milk-cartons/PE composite put in the sun environment, the dry and wet environment, and the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment were studied. It showed that: (1) The surface color of the two new WPCs changed greatly in three environment, and affected the appearance; the color change in the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment is much greater than it in the sun environment and the dry and wet environment, (2) The MOE and MOR initially showed decreased trend and then showed an upward trend after test in the sun environment and the dry and wet environment for about six months; The MOE and MOR decreased a lot after put in the Xenon Weathering resistant box environment for 1500h.

The pectin/functionalized silica coated filter paper (FILPSL2) was used for copper ion adsorption. Silica sol (1), prepared by mixing ethanol, water, TEOS and hydrochloric acid, was slowly added into pectin solution. A piece of filter paper (2 cm x 2 cm) was immersed in the silica-pectin solution for 1 hr. The coated filter paper was dried at room temperature and then oven-dried at 50 °C for 6 hrs to obtain FILPS. The silica sol (2) was subsequently prepared by mixing ethanol, water, N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylenediamine (L2) and hydrochloric acid. The FILPS was immersed in silica sol (2) and the coated paper was oven-dried at 50 °C for 6 hrs to obtain FILPSL2. The SEM micrograph of uncoated Filter paper (FIL) and FILPSL2 showsa characteristic woven pattern. For copper ion adsorption, FILPSL2 was put into 0.1 M of CuCl2solution (pH 2, 25 °C). The color of the paper changes from off-white to intense blue within 5 min due to the complex between amino group of functionalized silica and Cu2+ as evidenced from IR spectroscopy.The equilibrium adsorption percentage and adsorption capacity were 27.10 and 5.5 x 10-3 respectively. The concentrations of copper ion solutions were varied to 10-2and 10-3M at this pH. The lower concentration of copper ion results in the higher adsorption percentage. While the lower concentration of copper ion results in the lower adsorption capacity. The adsorption was also experimented at pH 3.The similar trend was obtained. The optimum pH for adsorption for all concentrations was 2. The effect of interferences on the copper ion adsorption depends on the pH. At pH 2, Ni2+ has a stronger effect. While Cd2+ has a stronger effect at pH 3. The desorption was performed using 0.2 M CH3COOH solution. The complete desorption occurred within 30 min.

The use of agricultural wastes and natural materials in new technologies is a novel subject. Consequently, an attempt has been made to formulate a synthetic fluid using an organic water, Water Extract from Fermented Ground Maize (WEFGM) and compare its performance with water-based sample in turning operation using a mild steel as workpiece. Two samples of synthetic fluids were formulated from each of deionized WEFGM, ordinary WEFGM and deionized water as base-fluids at two composition (5 and 10%vol) levels of selected additives. The results of experimental analysis of heat transfer properties of these synthetic fluids exist, hence the need to ascertain the actual performance output. Temperature-Time Gradient (TTG) which is a rate of temperature drop (heat withdrawn) from the work zone was used as evaluation parameters. The result showed that deionized WEFGM is the most efficient of the entire samples at both compositions with an average TTG of 3.61 and 2.16 °C/min at 10 and 5% additive concentration respectively. At lower additive concentration which is more economically advantageous, the performance rating is deionized WEFGM>>WEFGM>>deionized Water. This implies that WEFGM is more effective than water as a base fluid for synthetic fluid in performance as it has been previously so reported in properties. Meanwhile, T-test statistical analysis (using IBM SPSS 23) shows that there is highly significant difference in TTG at each time of application of individual fluid (p0.05) implying that the fluids can all work as coolants and relatively have comparable performance output.

In this paper, soy protein papermaking process conditions as dry strength agents were studied. The results show that a part of the three parts of soy protein and a mixed system with a cationic starch alone, or cationic starch, soy protein, as compared to dry strength additives will significantly increase the strength. The optimum conditions were: pulp types E, defatted soy protein, dry vacuum drying method is 105°C, adding ways to add the pulp, the best reaction time was 10min, the optimum dosage of 2%. Soy protein sources are widely readily available, and environmentally friendly and easily biodegradable, paper dry strength agents as a good material.

Proper waste management in Malaysia is needed for the organic wastes such as pineapple leaf and cassava peel where affects the increase the amount of solid waste dump into landfill. Thus, to overcome this problem agro waste material can be constructed in many production industries to commercialize the use of alternative fibre for the paper industry. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of fibrous in pineapple leaf and cassava peel by production of alternative fibre based on chemical properties and surface morphology characteristic. This study conducted for the chemical composition by analysed by TAPPI Test method, Chlorination method and Kuchner-Hoffner method. Every chemical components analyse; Cellulose (Kuchner-Hoofner), Holocellulose (Chlorination method), Hemicellulose (Chlorination method), Hemicellulose, Ash content (T211-om-93), Lignin content (T222-om-98) and Sodium Hydroxide soluble (T203-om-88). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe and determine the morphological characteristic of both crops. The result indicates that pineapple leaf more suitable for becoming an alternative fibre than cassava peels. Pineapple leaves have a high Holocellulose content (85.7%), cassava peels 66%, followed by Cellulose pineapple leaf (66.2%), cassava peels (37.9%). However, hemicellulose content in pineapple leaf (19.5%) less than cassava peels (37.0%). Lignin content of pineapple leaf is lower (4.2%) compared to cassava peels (7.52%) in this study. From SEM images, cassava peel contained abundance fibre such as hemicellulose and cellulose that is held by the lignin in it and Pineapple leaves give a condensed composition of fibre structure. The chemical compositions and morphology study of pineapple leaf and cassava indicate pineapple leaf have a high percentage to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry, promoting the green technology. However, cassava peels make some of properties that can also be through for the paper industry.

This paper analyzes the delignification mechanism of wheat straw pulping process. The lignin removal of pulping process is left in black liquor. The higher the black liquor lignin content is, the bigger the lignin of paper pulp is removed. The relations of black liquor lignin content and alkali concentration to pulping time are described in detail. The results show that delignification process is divided into two stages: quick and slow stage. The lignin removal rate in the first stage is much higher than the second, that is, lignin has been removed more sufficiently after quick stage. In first stage, reaction order of delignification is 1.0, and 0.7 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 38.62 kJ • mol-1. The latter delignification also belongs to the first-order reaction and 4.4 with respect to OH-, the activation energy is 75.56 kJ • mol-1. Apparently, slow stage needs to consume large amounts of energy to removal lignin.

In this study, we prepared unbleached chemi-mechanical pulp from waste poplar wood using alkaline processing under normal atmospheric pressure. The influnce of alkaline dosage and time to fiber morphology and properties of the paper were discussed. The parameters of fiber including the length ,width and curl index were measured by FQA. The optimal dosage of NaOH and the optimal time of soaking period in the preparation of pulp using waste poplar wood were studied. The results showed that the optimal dosage of NaOH was 6% and the time of soaking period was one day. The performance of the handsheet made from the poplar wood under the pulping conditions are as follows: tensile strength index of 27 N·m/g, tear index of 0.51 mN·m2/g, burst index of 1.7 KPa·m2/g, folding strength of 16 times, ring crush strength index of 5.7 N.m/g, whiteness of 55.5 ISO, white opacity of 97%, paper absorption liquid rate of 0.32 mm/s.

Enzymatic refining of eucalypt bleached kraft pulp with the cellulase NOV476 was studied. The effects of this cellulase on the physical properties of pulp, fiber morphology and fiber appearance of the eucalypt bleached kraft pulp in different application conditions were discussed. The results show that, with the increase in the amount of enzyme, tensile strength index, burst index and TEA index of paper are increased and then decreased; elongation and tear index of paper have been declining, Zeeil tensile strength index has been an upward trend. Without beating the pulp sample, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length and the average fiber width are gradually reduced, while mean kink index substantially constant. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced tendency reaches a minimum in the amount of enzyme 0.5μ/g, the phenomenon is most obvious. In the same conditions of beating time, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length is gradually reduced, an average fiber width is gradually increased, the mean kink index reaches a maximum in the amount of enzyme is 0.5μ/g. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced trend.

This paper compared the differences of laccase modified APMP and unmodified controlled trails to characterize laccase’s impacts on the whiteness, physical properties and fiber morphology of APMP. From this paper, we can see that after laccase modified, the whiteness of the APMP significantly reduced; physical properties of the APMP were reduced after the first enhanced with increasing the amount of laccase. when the amount of laccase was 2u/g, the physical properties of the APMP were best, the same time after 2u/g laccase treatment ,the surfaces of the pulp fibers engendered the devillicate and peeling.

The stickies in pulp and paper machinery especially in the blankets will cause a lot of problems such as paper defects, increasing the time of machine shut down . Therefore, Inhibiting the Stickies of blanket is very important to regular production. In this study,we mainly studied on the inhibition of Stickies in the blanket with enzyme. The processed blanket was treated by several kinds of enzymes. The results showed that the optimum enzyme treatment conditions were obtained as followings:PH of 7, temperature of 50°C, 2×104U/g of cellulose enzyme, 2×103U/g of amylase and 104U/g of lipase. The blankets obtained better cleaning situation under this conditions.

This paper covers the results of the research devoted to characterize of silica dioxide samples obtained from alkaline hydrolysate or black liquor produced from pulping of rice husk. The paper discusses amorphous silica of various quality. Silica samples are characterized: crude (air-dried); burnt (no preliminary water treatment); washed in distilled water; washed in distilled water and burnt.

For the conversion of cellulose into biofuel by microorganisms is being studied intensively. This research isolate and screen efficient cellulolytic microorganism from bamboo forest soil based on growth rate on CMC plate, the size of transparent circle, disintegration effect of filter paper, and CMC enzyme activity assay. As a result, efficient cellulose-decomposing fungus J6-1 was obtained. The strains possessed higher filter paper degrading ability and CMC enzyme activity, disintegrating the filter paper into 42.3% at the 5th days and reaching the highest CMC enzyme activity 6.87IU/mL after 120 hours of shake flask fermentation. Strains J6-1 is preliminarily identified asPenicilliumby morphological observation and a great potential cellulolytic strains.