48,842 results
Search Results
202. Vehicle Driving Oil-Saving Technologies Discussed in this Paper
- Author
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Bing Guo Liu
- Subjects
Orders of magnitude (bit rate) ,Engineering ,National economy ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Oil price ,business ,Vehicle driving ,Automotive engineering ,Industrial organization - Abstract
with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, rapid growth of the road mileage, the rapid growth of usage of the car begin to render phase geometry orders of magnitude, however, as the international oil prices gradually rise, the domestic refined oil price is high, the use of the car costs are rising fast. Therefore, how to better maintenance of vehicles, and change some of the original bad driving technology, can make the car in the most fuel-efficient and has become a very meaningful topic.
- Published
- 2014
203. Modification and Application of Sodium Bentonite in the Coating of Color Ink-Jet Paper
- Author
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Yong Gang Yang and Qiao Zhuo Gao
- Subjects
Sodium Bentonite ,Pigment ,Materials science ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,Scanning electron microscope ,visual_art ,Bentonite ,General Engineering ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering.material ,Composite material - Abstract
In order to know the application of bentonite in color ink-jet paper, an acid bentonite was prepared by modifying with sulphuric acid. Both of sodium bentonite and acid bentonite were characterized and evaluated with scanning electron microscope. The study result from printing quality testing showed that if the formulation of acid bentonite, under the dosage of 35% PVA and PDMDAAC 3% respectively, was used as the pigment, the print effect could be better.
- Published
- 2014
204. Application of Diester Gemini Quaternary Ammonium Salt as Paper Softening Agent
- Author
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Xiao Ping Huo, Zong Cheng Miao, and Jian Wei Ren
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adipic acid ,chemistry ,Pulmonary surfactant ,General Engineering ,Cationic polymerization ,Organic chemistry ,Salt (chemistry) ,Epichlorohydrin ,Ammonium ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Softening - Abstract
Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants have very important application in the papermaking industry, which is a series of important paper softening agents. In order to obtain an environment-friendly paper softening agent, a novel diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant has been prepared. Dodecyldimethyl amine, epichlorohydrin and adipic acid were used as raw materials to synthesize the surfactant, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the groups in reaction product. Moreover, the softening effect of the diester gemini quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant was studied in detail.
- Published
- 2014
205. Information Extraction from Chinese Papers Based on Hidden Markov Model
- Author
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Yan Zhang and Cheng Ying Chi
- Subjects
Markov chain ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Maximum-entropy Markov model ,Variable-order Markov model ,Speech recognition ,General Engineering ,Forward–backward algorithm ,Markov process ,Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing) ,Pattern recognition ,Markov model ,Viterbi algorithm ,symbols.namesake ,Computer Science::Sound ,symbols ,Markov property ,Forward algorithm ,Hidden semi-Markov model ,Artificial intelligence ,Hidden Markov model ,business - Abstract
Hidden Markov model HMM (1) is one of the important approaches for information extraction. In this paper, a model of the improved first-order hidden Markov HMM (2) is proposed. In the HMM (2), the output probability of the observation is not only dependent on the current state of the model, but also dependent on the previous state of the current state of the model. The algorithm of the ML and the algorithm of the Viterbi are analyzed. At last, experiments show that the HMM (2) is more precise than the HMM (1).
- Published
- 2013
206. The Preparation of Transfer Paper for Novel Silk Transfer Printing
- Author
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Guoqiang Chen, Tieling Xing, and Qing Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,General Engineering ,engineering.material ,Carboxymethyl cellulose ,Rubbing ,Polyester ,SILK ,Chemical engineering ,Coating ,Transfer printing ,medicine ,engineering ,Composite material ,Solid content ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The transfer paper used in novel silk transfer printing with reactive dyes was prepared by coating pastes. Water-soluble polyester named ES-1, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alkali and hygroscopic agent were used according each function and mixed to prepare the pastes. The solid content of ES-1 and CMC in the pastes plays a crucial role in the face K/S value of prints. The color fastness of washing and rubbing for prints are above grade 4~5 and ES-1 is hardly adhered on printed fabrics.
- Published
- 2013
207. Design of Control System in Strapping Machine for Paper Bills
- Author
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Xiu Hong Ma and Xin Ju Zhang
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Reliability (computer networking) ,General Engineering ,Programmable logic controller ,Control engineering ,Noise ,Transformation (function) ,Embedded system ,Control system ,Line (text file) ,business ,Strapping ,Machine control - Abstract
The strapping machine for Paper Bills typically was designed to reduce labor intensity and enhance production automation level. The machines structure and working principle were described. There are three work posts in this equipment, they work continuously. This approach makes it very easy to split up a complex transformation into a series of simple transformations arranged in a loop line. The machine includes currency count/counterfeit distinguishing system, conveying system and strapping system. In the same time, the machine control system that adopts the PLC programmable controller can simplify the control system, and its reliability strengthens further. Practices show that the strapping machine has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, low cost and small vibrating noise.
- Published
- 2013
208. Long Physico-Chemical and Biological Monitoring for Treated Artificial Tidal Flats with Recycled Paper Sludge in Ago Bay, Japan
- Author
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Tohru Suzuki, Satoshi Kaneco, Kiyohisa Ohta, Daizo Imai, Hideyuki Katsumata, and Ahmed H. A. Dabwan
- Subjects
Total organic carbon ,Chlorophyll a ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,General Engineering ,Environmental engineering ,Environmental science ,Sediment ,Particle size ,Loss on ignition ,Bay ,Water content - Abstract
Treated dredged sediment by using Hi Biah System (HBS) was used for the construction of five different artificial tidal flats (E1-E5) in Ago Bay, Japan. AGOCLEAN-P which is mainly made from paper sludge ashes was used as a coagulant and hardener. After the construction, continuous monitoring for the physico-chemical and biological parameters was carried out quarterly for 28 months from May 2005 to August 2007. Physico-chemical parameters measured were; particle size, loss on ignition (LOI), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), water content (WC), chlorophyll a, and acid volatile sulphide (AVS). At the end of the experiment, physico-chemical parameters for the artificial tidal flats along with the sandy natural flat (S2) were almost similar. In regards to the natural muddy flats (S1) the results showed remarkable increase in the particle size
- Published
- 2013
209. An Effective MECE Module as a Recycling Process for PET Diaphragm of Digital Paper
- Author
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Pai Shan Pa
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Direct current ,General Engineering ,Diaphragm (mechanical device) ,Rotational speed ,Edge (geometry) ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Anode ,Machining ,law ,Electrode ,Electronic engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
A newly devised process using micro-electrochemical machining (MECE) is described as a recycling module in the current study. The purpose is the precise removal of In2O3SnO2 thin-film nanostructures from optical PET diaphragm surfaces for digital-paper surface. In the current experiment it was found that a large rotational diameter (Dc) for the cathode with a small gap width between the anode and the PET diaphragm surfaces was found to remove the In2O3SnO2 rapidly. A small edge radius of the cathode, or a short arc length of the anode, reduces the time taken for In2O3SnO2 removal. A high feed rate of the PET and adequate electrical power results in fast machining. Pulsed direct current improves dregs discharge and this is an advantage with a fast feed. A high electrode rotational speed also corresponds to faster removal of the In2O3SnO2 nanostructures. The development of the proposed precision production design is based on both technical and economic considerations.
- Published
- 2013
210. The Application of Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Algorithm in Intelligent Test Paper Generation
- Author
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Xin Ran Li
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,Particle aggregation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Item response theory ,General Engineering ,Particle ,Multi-swarm optimization ,Inertia ,Slowly varying function ,Quantum ,Adaptability ,media_common ,Mathematics - Abstract
Aiming at solving the low efficiency and low quality of the existing test paper generation algorithm, this paper proposes an improved particle swarm algorithm, a new algorithm for intelligent test paper generation. Firstly, the paper conducts mathematically modeling based on item response theory. Secondly, in the new algorithm, the inertia weight is expressed as functions of particle evolution velocity and particle aggregation by defining particle evolution velocity and particle aggregation so that the inertia weight has adaptability. At the same time, slowly varying function is introduced to the traditional location updating formula so that the local optimal solution can be effectively overcome. Finally, simulation results show that compared with the quantum-behaved particle swarm algorithm, the proposed algorithm has better performance in success rate and composing efficiency.
- Published
- 2013
211. Design and Research on the Cigarette Paper Smoldering Rate of PRS-2 Tester
- Author
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Wei Dong Huang and Yong Min Yu
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Vision sensor ,Real-time computing ,General Engineering ,Computer image ,Line (text file) ,business ,Image resolution ,Simulation - Abstract
The measuring body of PRS-2 cigarette paper smoldering rate tester is industrial vision sensors P4E1.3, it could determine and identify the burning of the cigarette paper by using the advanced computer image processing techniques.The vision sensor can detection to 10,000 times per minute when the image resolution is 1.3 million pixels-accurate, it simultaneously monitors the 5 cigarette paper, and can ensure that the scanning frequency of each cigarette paper is not lower than 100 Hz. In the case of deducting the necessary analysis and calculation time, it can guarantee that the timing accuracy is no less than 0.1s. The instrument is able of detecting the serrated depth of the burned cigarette paper line and excludes the misjudgment which caused by human factors,so it could achieve control, data analysis, save and print independently.
- Published
- 2013
212. Manufacture of Masonry Mortars with Melamine Powder Waste and Melamine Paper from the Manufacture of Agglomerated Particle Boards
- Author
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J. Gadea, J. Garabito, Verónica Calderón, C. Junco, Ángel Rodríguez, and S. Gutiérrez
- Subjects
Cement ,Absorption of water ,Materials science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Masonry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Compressive strength ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Particle ,Ceramic ,Mortar ,Composite material ,business ,Melamine - Abstract
Our presentation develops the study of cement mortars manufactured with melamine waste, either in the form of powder or cellulose paper, taken from the industrial production of particle boards, characterizing all of their properties and comparing them with traditional cement mortars. The objective is to determine in what way the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper will modify traditional mortar, once these materials have been subjected to a polymerization process under pressure and under increased temperature, in order to assess the possibility of using these new materials for applications in the construction industry. The behaviour of mortar in the fresh state is studied, determining the variations produced with the addition of melamine powder and melamine paper on the workability and the on-site use of these mortars. Likewise, their mechanical properties under flexion, compression, and adherence to a ceramic surface are studied and compared with those obtained from the reference mortar. Water absorption by capillary action and vapour permeability are also studied, in order to understand the interaction of the polymerized melamine in the capillary network of the mortar. Dosages were prepared for a reference mortar and a further two series of mortars with different quantities of melamine powder and melamine paper, together with cement, sand and water. In this first phase, the use of additives in the mixtures was not considered. The process of selecting the materials and the dosage criteria of the mixtures are subsequently described. The results of the study show that the use of powder melamine and paper cellulose melamine can be used to manufacture mortars with properties that are equivalent to traditional mortars, although further studies with greater precision will be needed on the contribution of the melamine polymerization process to the internal structural cohesion of the mortar.
- Published
- 2013
213. Investigation on Reproduction Characteristics of Light Paper
- Author
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Yu Xiang Xu and Wen Yan Jiang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Offset (computer science) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Reproduction (economics) ,General Engineering ,Good control ,Color saturation ,Gamut ,Optics ,Electronic engineering ,Contrast (vision) ,Quality (business) ,business ,media_common - Abstract
By experimental and comparison method, printing characteristics of light paper were studied. A test form was designed for monitoring reproduction processes and evaluating reproduction characteristics. Then it was output on film, plates, and paper in turns. Results showed that performance of paper has a direct impact on reproduction quality; prints made by light paper have less color saturation, lower print contrast, much dot loss in light areas and less color gamut than those by offset paper. However, the difference between them was very small. Under good control this environmental friendly paper was absolutely able to the high quantitative offset paper in book printing. Effective measurements of improving printing quality on light paper printing were derived
- Published
- 2013
214. Morphology of PANI on Paper
- Author
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Yong Gang Wang and Jin Hua Yan
- Subjects
Morphology (linguistics) ,Electrostatic attraction ,Materials science ,Polymerization ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Composite number ,General Engineering ,Substrate (electronics) ,Fiber ,Composite material ,Interfacial polymerization - Abstract
Polyaniline-paper composite is prepared on a paper template by interfacial polymerization. Using SEM and FESEM, the morphology of PANI on fiber and pores between fibers are inspected based on different polymerization. The flake shape of PANI is formed on fiber surface at the beginning due to electrostatic attraction, while the granular is growing on the pores freely. This flake shape on fiber is changed with 3rd polymerization into granular. When the resistivity is below 100cm/S, linear PANI in pores is growing to the fiber nearby, and PANI network formed. The morphology also confirmed that PANI on fiber only remains on the upside not fully covered surface of fiber. Very few PANI is found inside paper substrate by cross section SEM. The method is discussed also with polyaniline-fiber composite polymerization and in-site paper polymerization.
- Published
- 2013
215. Geotechnical Approach to Use Paper in Soil
- Author
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Hamid Nikraz and Amin Chegenizadeh
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Pavement engineering ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Composite number ,Unconfined compression ,General Engineering ,symbols ,Young's modulus ,Geotechnical engineering ,Subgrade ,business ,Ductility - Abstract
Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of paper inclusion on the modulus of elasticity of subgrade material. Paper was used for this investigation. Paper contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The paper percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 30%. Clay was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The paper reinforcment length and paper reinforcment content found to play important rule on the modulus of elasticity of paper reinforced samples. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by paper inclusion.
- Published
- 2012
216. Paper Reinforcement and Soil
- Author
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Hamid Nikraz and Amin Chegenizadeh
- Subjects
Dry unit weight ,Materials science ,Soil water ,Composite number ,General Engineering ,Compaction ,Geotechnical engineering ,Embankment dam ,Reinforcement ,Water content - Abstract
Composite soils have been extensively used in civil engineering applications, especially in slopes, embankment dam and landfills. This paper aims to investigate effect of paper reinforcement inclusion on compaction characteristic of composite soil (i.e. clay composite). A series of laboratory tests performed to assess reinforcement effect on optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of composite soils. Clay was selected as soil part of the composite and paper was used as reinforcement. The paper reinforcement parameters differed from one test to another, as paper length varied from 15 mm to 40mm and paper content were selected as 5% and 10%. For each test, compaction curved derived and the results were compared. The results proved that inclusion of paper affected compaction behaviour of samples so that increasing in paper content and length caused increasing in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and slightly decreased maximum dry unit weight.
- Published
- 2012
217. Study of Culture Paper Making with P-RC APMP by Different Papermaking Process
- Author
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Tao Lin, Jian Wei Song, Zhi Jie Wang, and Xue Feng Yin
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Papermaking ,General Engineering ,Fiber network ,Raw material ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium carbonate ,chemistry ,Scientific method ,Carbonate ,Fiber ,Particle size ,Composite material ,business - Abstract
Using Poplar P-RC APMP as raw materials for culture paper making, the effect of conventional papermaking process and P-RC APMP fines-calcium carbonate co-flocculation process on the P-RC APMP culture paper properties were studied. The result showed that, comparing to the conventional papermaking process, co-flocculation process can supply paper with better strength properties, bulk and whiteness. When precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) or ground calcium carbonate (GCC) were added respectively in conventional papermaking process, the PCC supplied handsheets with better bulk and whiteness, while GCC supplied handsheets with better strength properties. In the co-flocculation process, the effects of PCC and GCC were nearly the same in strength properties and bulk of handsheets, but PCC was more beneficial for whiteness. SEM images showed that PCC distributed more evenly in the fiber network, and well-bonded with fiber network. The particle size of GCC is relatively small, mainly filled in the fiber network and wrapped on the fiber.
- Published
- 2012
218. Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Paper Feeding Device
- Author
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Yuan Huang, Run Xie, and Ji Fei Cai
- Subjects
Vibration ,Engineering ,Variable (computer science) ,Quality (physics) ,Control theory ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Head (vessel) ,Structural engineering ,business ,Stability (probability) ,Finite element method - Abstract
Variable head sizes of paper roll will influence the stability of paper feeding device and hence the printing quality. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the printing quality by improving the stability of paper feeding device based on dynamic analysis on the phenomenon of variable head sizes of paper roll. It is found through dynamic analysis that the effect of variable head sizes on the support force of bearings is nearly five times that of the case when such effect does not exist. Vibration performance analysis of paper feeding device using finite element analysis obtains the natural frequencies of the first 6 orders for paper carriage and their dominant vibrational modes. This provides theoretical basis for the improvement of paper feeding device.
- Published
- 2012
219. Study on Synthesis of High Performance Emulsion of Paper Sizing Agent under Microwave Radiation
- Author
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Jian Chen, Hong Xiang Zhu, Yong Hong Li, Fu Jie Yang, and Shuangfei Wang
- Subjects
Acrylate ,Materials science ,Butyl acrylate ,General Engineering ,Emulsion polymerization ,Sizing ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Emulsion ,Particle size ,Composite material ,Microwave - Abstract
After the treatment of the ultrasound, the paper sizing agent preparation process with emulsion copolymerization of methyl methl acrylate and butylacrylate under microwave irradiation is discussed. To research the synthesis of sizing agent, the change of emulsion polymerization products of monomer conversion, particle size, and centrifugal stability were observed under types of conditions such as microwave power and dosage of emulsifiers. This synthetic method is due to use the microwave irradiation so that its response is very fast, and it can provide a new approach to prepare efficiently a paper sizing agent in the paper making.
- Published
- 2012
220. Corrosion Performance of Mild Steel in Paper Mill Effluent
- Author
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Chaya Sharma, Chhotu Ram, and Ajay Kumar Singh
- Subjects
Biochemical oxygen demand ,Tafel equation ,Materials science ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Metallurgy ,General Engineering ,medicine ,Total dissolved solids ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,Effluent ,Chloride ,Corrosion ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Present paper reports investigations carried on corrosion behaviour of mild steel in effluents collected from paper mill treatment plant. For this purpose, effluent was collected from after primary and secondary treatment stages. Mild steel samples were exposed to these effluents for duration of six months. The corroded samples were analysed for weight loss and extent of localised corrosion. Electrochemical polarization tests like open circuit potential (OCP), tafel plot and anodic polarization were also performed to estimate corrosion rate, polarization resistance and localized corrosion parameters in the studied system. The extent of corrosion attack has been correlated with effluent parameters namely pH, electrical conductivity (Ec), total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, chloride content, colour and sulphate.
- Published
- 2012
221. Exploration and Consideration on the Curriculum Construction of Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton
- Author
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Yong Gang Yang, Qiao Zhuo Gao, and Quan Xiao Liu
- Subjects
Engineering ,Class (computer programming) ,business.product_category ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,Teaching mode ,Carton ,Engineering management ,Work (electrical) ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,business ,Set (psychology) ,Construct (philosophy) ,Curriculum - Abstract
The curriculum construction is a very important work leading to the excellent course. Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton (including 32 class hours) is a new elective course to the printing engineering in our college. It is very important and necessary to construct the course in time. At first, the current states and difficulties were introduced in the paper, which was that teaching contents, teaching courseware and teacher team should be all improved. Especially, the teaching content proportion on both paper box and carton was set. And then the ideas and ways used for building up the curriculum system are presented as integrating the teaching contents, reforming the teaching mode and strengthening the teaching management. Finally, the significance of carrying out the teaching reform was put forward, and the achievements of course construction should be applied to the usual teaching work.
- Published
- 2012
222. Study on Reproduction of Ink Color with Paper Performance Based on Energy Saving and Special Material Properties
- Author
-
Wen Ge Chen
- Subjects
Smoothness (probability theory) ,Inkwell ,Opacity ,business.industry ,Computer science ,General Engineering ,Grayscale ,Sample (graphics) ,Computer graphics (images) ,Computer vision ,Color wheel ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Material properties ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
Printing quality mainly depends on reproduction of the color and level, paper and ink influence the reproduction of color and level. In this paper, it is mainly through measuring the paper smoothness, whiteness, opacity, glossiness etc. parameters, using print press printed sample of different paper, Measuring density of color piece, calculate the grayscale, color deviation and color efficiency, and draw color wheel figure, thus obtaining conclusion that special material paper performance influence color reproduction and energy saving or material saving
- Published
- 2012
223. The Impact of Offset Paper on Ink Transfer Rate and Ink Absorption Rate
- Author
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Qing Jun Meng, Liang Liu, and Zhi Jian Li
- Subjects
Absorption rate ,Materials science ,Offset (computer science) ,Inkwell ,Transfer (computing) ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Engineering ,Composite material ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
The ink transfer rate and ink absorption rate directly affects the quality of printing matter, so it is very important to know the influence factors of the ink transfer rate and ink absorption rate. This paper studied on the impact of offset paper smoothness and offset paper absorbency on the ink transfer rate, the impact of offset paper compactness and offset paper absorbency on the ink absorption rate. The results show that ink transfer rate is affected by offset paper smoothness within a certain range. The ink transfer rate is affected greatly by offset paper absorbency. The ink absorption rate is greatly affected by offset paper compactness and absorbency.
- Published
- 2012
224. Paper Moisture Rate Measurement Based on the Spectral Analysis
- Author
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Dian Hong Yu, Lin Li, Kai Zhao, and Lin Hai Cao
- Subjects
Engineering ,Moisture ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Electrical engineering ,Measurement problem ,Moisture ratio ,Experimental research ,Spectral line ,Rate measurement ,Functional module ,Electronic engineering ,Spectral analysis ,business - Abstract
In order to solve the online measurement problem of paper moisture rate technical specification, the moisture rate measuring technique based on the infrared spectroscopic analysis is researched in this paper. The basic law on the spectral absorption of medium is expatiated and the problems applying the law to the moisture ratio measurement are also analyzed. The key technology that can realize the ratio on-line measurement by means of two spectral lines (measuring spectral line and the reference line) is explored. The measurement project is designed and the role of the main functional module in the project is discussed. The corresponding experimental research is carried out. The analysis results are given.
- Published
- 2012
225. Synthesis and Effects of Modified Fiber on Paper Performance
- Author
-
Xiao Long Wang, Jian Wang, and Li Fang Yu
- Subjects
Materials science ,visual_art ,Ultimate tensile strength ,General Engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Fiber ,Sawdust ,Composite material ,Internal bond - Abstract
Different fiber materials were modified and the effects of modified fiber on paper performance were evaluated. It’s shown that the strength of paper can be promoted by modified fiber. When the mixing ratio of modified NBKP fiber was 5%, the tensile index was increased from 38.28 N•m/g to 47.21 N•m/g. When the addition ratio of modified HYP fiber was 1.5%, the internal bond strength of paper was increased from 49.41 J/ m2 to 55.30 J/ m2, and the tensile index was increased by 48.06%. When the addition ratio of modified fiber of sawdust was 1.5% and mixed with OCC, the tensile index of paper was increased from 18.89N•m/g to 27.55N•m/g, and the ring crush index was increased by 13.99%.
- Published
- 2012
226. The Application of Sepiolite in Aluminium Silicate Fiber Paper
- Author
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Chuan Shan Zhao, Dai Qi Wang, Sha Wang, and Wen Jia Han
- Subjects
Apparent density ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Sepiolite ,Ultimate tensile strength ,General Engineering ,High surface area ,Aluminium silicate ,Fiber ,Composite material ,Silicate ,Smooth surface - Abstract
Sepiolite has good adsorptivity due to their high surface area and structural channels. During the process of making aluminium silicate fiber paper, inorganic binders retaintion was little because of the smooth surface of aluminium silicate fibers. In this study, sepiolite was used to improve tensile strength of the sheet by increasing inorganic binders retaintion rate through its high adsorptivity. The effect of sepiolite on the tensile strength of alimunium silicate fiber paper was investigated. The results showed that the best mass ratio of aluminium silicate fibers to spiolite was 7:3. Under this condition, the tensile strength of the sheet was 4.79 N•m/g, which increased by 24.2% from the one without sepiolite.
- Published
- 2012
227. The Influence of Offset Paper Properties on Printing Effect
- Author
-
Zhi Jian Li, Qing Jun Meng, and Liang Liu
- Subjects
Optics ,Gamut ,Offset (computer science) ,Smoothness (probability theory) ,Materials science ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Optical density ,Saturation (chemistry) ,business - Abstract
Offset paper properties have great influence on the quality of print matter. Eleven offset paper samples were printed by IGT printability tester, then the density and L*a*b values of printed samples were measured. The relationship between paper properties and optical density or color gamut of paper printed was studied. The results show that main density increases with the increased ink quantity before the main density reaches saturation, the saturation density becomes greater with increased ink absorbency. When the smoothness is larger, lower ink quantity is needed for reaching saturation density, and larger color gamut is obtained. This study will provide references for the paper making and printing enterprises.
- Published
- 2012
228. Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Art Paper Printability
- Author
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Qing Jun Meng, Zhi Jian Li, and Bao Hong Yang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,Software ,Inkwell ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Dot gain ,business - Abstract
Paper printability directly affects the printing process and the final quality of printing matter. Therefore, it is significant to establish accurate, scientific, reasonable comprehensive evaluation model of the paper printability. Five art paper samples were researched in this paper. Different paper properties including whiteness, opacity, smoothness, ink absorption, tensile strength and burst strength were tested. The comprehensive evaluation model of art paper printability was obtained by using SPSS software. Then printing dot gain rate, printing density, printing glossiness and overprint rate were measured for verifying predicted results. Results show that the evaluation model can provide a practical and quantitative method for rapid evaluation of comprehensive printability of art paper.
- Published
- 2012
229. Preparation of the Modified Polyamide Polyamine Enhancer and its Application in Tube Roll Base Paper
- Author
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Wen Jia Han, Qing Zhu, and Chuan Shan Zhao
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Base (chemistry) ,General Engineering ,Styrene ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Emulsion ,Polyamide ,Tube (container) ,Composite material ,Enhancer ,Polyamine - Abstract
In this paper, we proposed the method to synthesize the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, which takes PAE, styrene and acrylic as raw materials. Factors that would affect the preparation of the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer, such as monomer amount, reaction time, initiator amount and emulsion concentration, were discussed in detail. Experimental results showed that the modified polyamide polyamine enhancer achieved optimum effect the strength of tube roll base paper under the conditions: the amount of acrylic is 6%, the ratio of styrene and PAE is 2:1, holding time 4h, and the amount of initiator 0.7%. The modified polyamide polyamine enhancer applied to tube roll base paper. The optimum amount of modified polyamide enhancer was 1%. The ring crush strength of paper prepared in this condition can be increased by 44% and the stiffness can be increased by 46%.
- Published
- 2012
230. Research on the Impact of Surface Characteristic of Paper on Digital Printing Color Reproduction
- Author
-
Xue Lin Huang
- Subjects
Lightness ,business.industry ,Computer science ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Engineering ,Color balance ,Color space ,Grayscale ,Color rendering index ,Color model ,Gamut ,Computer graphics (images) ,Digital printing ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,Hue - Abstract
The different paper has the different Surface Characteristic, which has the different influences on the printing color Reproduction. Through the paper printability, the color gamut experiments of digital printing, The influence of surface characteristics of paper on digital printing color reproduction was analyzed according to color rendering ability, The results indicated that the printed matter had better color efficiency, greater color gamut and smaller hue error and grayscale which had higher paper smoothness and glossiness, the higher paper whiteness is in favor of color reproduction. The surface characteristic of paper limits color reproduction. To ensure printing quality, should choose better color efficiency of paper.
- Published
- 2012
231. Impact of Coating Adhesive on Printability of Inkjet Paper
- Author
-
Yan Zhang
- Subjects
Halftone ,Materials science ,Coating ,Image quality ,General Engineering ,engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Adhesive ,Dot gain ,engineering.material ,Composite material ,Inkjet printing - Abstract
Paper plays an important role in determining image quality in inkjet printing. For high print quality, halftone dots should have minimal dot gain and sharp, circular edges, the receiving surface must have a line, high-porosity structure and be hydrophilic. Paper structure and surface chemistry requirements for good inkjet print quality are so unconventional that new paper grades for inkjet printing should be specially designed. This paper discuses the impact of coating adhesive on printability of inkjet paper.
- Published
- 2012
232. Preparation of Green Packaging Materials of Synthetic Paper and its Performance Research
- Author
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En Qiang Yin, Hong Guang Sun, and Kai Li
- Subjects
Paperboard ,Materials science ,business.industry ,visual_art ,General Engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Honeycomb ,Raw material ,Composite material ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
It analysises the performance advantages of the green packaging materials made by synthetic paper and the feasibility that it replaces the materials made by paper and plastic, it elaborate the raw material ratio of synthetic paper material and production process, and a study on the mechanical properties of synthetic paper honeycomb paperboard was been done, it provides a theoretical basis to drive the developmental application of green packaging materials made by synthesis paper.
- Published
- 2012
233. Using Paper as Reinforcement in Silty Sand
- Author
-
Amin Chegenizadeh and Hamid Nikraz
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Composite number ,Unconfined compression ,General Engineering ,Young's modulus ,Subgrade ,symbols.namesake ,Pavement engineering ,symbols ,Geotechnical engineering ,Reinforcement ,business ,Ductility - Abstract
Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of paper inclusion on the modulus of elasticity of subgrade material. Paper was used for this investigation. Paper contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The paper percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 20%. Silty sand was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The paper reinforcment length and paper reinforcment content found to play important rule on the modulus of elasticity of paper reinforced samples. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by paper inclusion.
- Published
- 2012
234. Study on E-Paper Controller Integrated with DRM
- Author
-
Jie Ma, Ke Zhu, Jin Zhang, and Qing Cheng Li
- Subjects
Engineering ,Digital rights management ,business.industry ,Embedded system ,Controller (computing) ,General Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Slow speed ,business ,Encryption ,Pipeline (software) - Abstract
Security vulnerabilities and the slow speed of traditional Digital Rights Management (DRM) in E-Paper device are the major restrictions of E-Paper industry. This paper introduces a new type of E-Paper controller which is integrated with DRM. DRM is realized in hardware. Data stored in main memory and controller memory or transferred from CPU to controller are encrypted. So that so they are more secure. Display process and decryption process are combined into one pipeline and can run simultaneously. Thus higher speed and less security vulnerabilities are given to controller.
- Published
- 2012
235. Improve the Quality of the Paper with a Surface Coating of Silica in Rice Husk
- Author
-
Phichit Kajondecha, T. Burana, and Nitus Tipsotnaiyana
- Subjects
Materials science ,Silicon ,Scanning electron microscope ,Silicon dioxide ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Husk ,Surface coating ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Coating ,visual_art ,Particle-size distribution ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,engineering ,Composite material ,Acrylic resin ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Rice husk is a form of agricultural biomass that provides an abundant silicon dioxides source. This study used rice husk ash as a material to prepare paper coating. Silica powder has been synthesized by the refluxing of rice husk ash with HCl 1,2 and 3 M at different time (60 and 120 min.) The silicon dioxide extraction yield reached 85% and was effect by concentration of HCl solution and reaction time. The structure of the obtained silica powder were characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Particle size distribution (PSD), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), CIE L*a*b* (Visible spectrophotometer) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The highest purity of silica sample were 98.7% SiO2, CIE L*a*b* = 94.79 +0.48 +1.24, ∆E ≈ 3.28 (white powder) and 2Ɵ = 22o (silica). Particle had a uniform size less than 3 μm. The paper coating was made from acrylic resin mixed with synthesized silica that refluxing by HCl 2 M 120 min at different ratio (2%, 4% and 6%) and paper coated with a gravure printing machine. The qualities of paper coating were analyzed from viscosity, Transparency (Density) and color gamut of inkjet printing. The paper coating that mixed synthesized silica from rice husk 4% was highest qualities because have viscosity 358 ± 24.99ctp., Density = 0.19, and widely color gamut.
- Published
- 2012
236. Design of Conjugate-Cams for High-Speed Paper-Separation Mechanism
- Author
-
Teng Fei Xiong and Chun Zhang
- Subjects
Mechanism (engineering) ,Engineering ,Suction ,Basis (linear algebra) ,business.industry ,Contour line ,Separation (aeronautics) ,Nozzle ,General Engineering ,Mechanical engineering ,business ,Simulation ,Conjugate - Abstract
A kind of paper-separation mechanism of packing machine for medicine was introduced in this paper. A new contour line of cam is designed on the basis of the analysis of suction nozzle. The design of the profile of conjugate-cams provides theory evidence for the design of high-speed paper-separation
- Published
- 2012
237. Changes in Layer Properties and Physical Properties of Papers from Old Corrugated Container Fibres with PDADMAC/HEC Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
- Author
-
Yan Jun Tang, Zhi Yuan Yang, and Hai Zhen Shi
- Subjects
Materials science ,General Engineering ,Polyelectrolyte ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,law ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Zeta potential ,Composite material ,Thin film ,Layer (electronics) ,Filtration ,Hydroxyethyl cellulose - Abstract
In this paper, Old Corrugated Container (OCC) was used as the raw material for making paper. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process of creating highly structured thin films was adopted to modify the surface of OCC fibres. Poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) have been used to build up polyelectrolyte multilayers on OCC fibres under a certain condition. Zeta potential analyzer was used to monitor the dynamic adsorption of PDADMAC and HEC with different amount on OCC fibers. Strength measurements of the sheets including tensile index and bursting index were also determined, showing a significant improvement in physical strength with the increase of adsorbed layer number. Compared with not being processed sheets, tensile index and bursting index of sheets from treated fibre with polyelectrolyte multilayers were raised by 36.65% and 49.50%, respectively. Furthermore, filtration time analysis of OCC fibre suspension showed that the built up of PDADMAC and HEC on OCC fibres could improve the fiber-fiber joint strength of joints from polymer-treated fibers, which made the filtration time decline from 30 s to 10.6 s. In addition, SEM was introduced to observe the morphology of the PDADMAC/HEC multilayers. The images revealed that the surface of OCC fibres structured a film like plastic, which could be ascribed to the adsorption layer of polyelectrolyte.
- Published
- 2012
238. Research and Analysis of Offset Printing Press Paper-Feeding Mechanism
- Author
-
Qing Lin Miao, Jun Hong Wei, Xin Ning, Cai Xia Liu, and Bin Feng Yang
- Subjects
Mechanism (engineering) ,Engineering ,business.industry ,visual_art ,General Engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Offset printing ,Mechanical engineering ,Swing ,business ,Quintic function - Abstract
According to the reverse design for the motion law of the follower in the swing upward conjugated cam paper-feeding mechanism, the technological requirements of positive design for paper-feeding mechanism are obtained. The quintic polynomial is presented to simulate the motion law of the paper-feeding tooth, and the mathematic model of the profile for conjugated cam is established. The profile of conjugated cam based on an actual sample is calculated, and the feasibility of this method is validated. It has some reference to design similar products.
- Published
- 2012
239. The Influences of Strain Rate on the Mechanical Behavior of Paper Honeycomb
- Author
-
Dongmei Wang
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Honeycomb (geometry) ,Structural engineering ,Composite material ,Strain rate ,business ,Characterization (materials science) - Abstract
The paper honeycomb is a strain-rate-sensitive material. It is significant to predict the mechanical properties of paper hoenycomb at different strain rate for optimizing packaging design. According to the Cowper-Symonds equation, the influence of the strain rate on the paper honeycomb was studied, and the characterization parameters were found by parameter fitting. It provides a reference for optimizing design of paper honeycomb.
- Published
- 2012
240. Research on Effect of Paper Containing OBA on Color Reproduction
- Author
-
Wei Guo Bai, Yi Jing, and Xiao Si Ma
- Subjects
business.industry ,Papermaking ,General Engineering ,Color reproduction ,Iso standards ,Spectral data ,Process engineering ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
Adding Optical Brightening Agent (OBA) during papermaking has been widely used in modern papermaking industry in order to improve paper whiteness. Because of ISO standard data is based on the paper without OBA, it makes a great diversity of result in color reproduction, and causes the printing production not to meet international standards. This research contrasted ISO whiteness and chroma value of paper with different amount of OBA, analyzed spectral data and tone in color reproduction of paper with different amount of OBA, then got the law of the effect of the ratio of OBA on ISO whiteness and chroma value, and the effect on color reproduction tone level in printing process. It can provide the reference for adding OBA during papermaking.
- Published
- 2012
241. The Application Study of Speciality Paper in Architectural and Interior Designs
- Author
-
Wei Ping Hu, Wei Jia Ouyang, and Xiao Ping Yang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Architectural engineering ,business.industry ,Living environment ,Architectural design ,General Engineering ,Sustainable design ,business ,Interior architecture ,Interior design - Abstract
Certain development has been achieved in the application of speciality paper as materials in architectural and interior designs, but it is rare so far to use it as main design materials. This papers discusses the application of speciality paper in architectural and interior designs, and as important materials, speciality paper is to become a trend in the design fields in the future, which is significant in aspects of improving people’s living environment and environmental protection.
- Published
- 2012
242. The Influence of Paper Brightness on Color Reproduction of Printed Matter
- Author
-
Zhen Liu, Jian Gan Hu, and Li Li Wang
- Subjects
Lightness ,Brightness ,Color difference ,business.industry ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,General Engineering ,Color balance ,Color reproduction ,Substrate (printing) ,Standard test ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Mathematics - Abstract
Paper, as an important substrate of printed matter, the performance will impact on the color reproduction. Brightness, as a key index of paper performance, affects the apparent color of paper directly. It was investigated that the printed samples with different brightness have been evaluated the influence of paper brightness on color reproduction by the methods of subjective and objective color difference evaluation. Three kinds of paper with different brightness have been selected as substrate of printed samples. The standard test color blocks have been printed to do corresponding objective color difference evaluation to different paper by CIEDE2000 color-difference formulae methods. Meanwhile, the standard test images with difference contents have been printed on three kinds of paper, which was subjected to subjective color difference evaluation for visual evaluation of standard test images in standard observe conditions. The results of subjective and objective color difference evaluation have been combined to analyze the effect of paper brightness to color reproduction, and different visual influence to images of difference content, and could provide certain reference for selecting the brightness performance of paper in color reproduction.
- Published
- 2012
243. A 'Paper-Press' Finish to Wool Fabric Using the Pressure Decatiser
- Author
-
Jing Xin Cao, Wei Guo Chen, Pei De Qian, Nathan Ly, and Li Yong Yang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Permeability (earth sciences) ,Smoothness ,business.industry ,Wool ,General Engineering ,Process (computing) ,Mechanical engineering ,Composite material ,business - Abstract
A process has been developed to impart permanent paper press finish to wool fabric using the pressure decatiser. This involves developing a new wrapper fabric with appropriate smoothness, strength and steam permeability. The processing time is similar to that normally used in the pressure decatiser, thus in comparison with the conventional Paper Press finish, the processing and labour costs are significantly reduced.
- Published
- 2012
244. Research on the Influence of Surface Sizing on Handmade Xuan Paper’s Modification
- Author
-
Wei Guo Bai and Li Zhen Wang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,Digital copy ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Engineering ,Quality (business) ,Chinese painting ,business ,Sizing ,Field (computer science) ,media_common - Abstract
With the development of digital reproduce technology for traditional Chinese painting, the current demand for high quality “digital xuan paper” and the requirements for its quality is increasing. Handmade xuan paper as the most basic and important material in traditional Chinese painting works, its unique brush pattern and click texture is not available in the “digital xuan paper” dedicated to the digital copy. Therefore, in the reproduction process for traditional Chinese painting, in addition to the rigorous reproduce process, the most important condition to obtain high-fidelity replication products is choosing a type of paper that meet the characteristics of traditional Chinese painting. Based on the digital inkjet technology in this paper, handmade xuan paper chose as the object was modified to obtain the technical requirements of digital reproduce by surface sizing process. Through the study process of different composition sizing agent and different sizing technology, find not only the Influence law of sizing technology and formula on tone level, clarity and color aspects of handmade xuan paper, but also the sizing technology and formula required for modifying handmade xuan paper to comply with part of Index in digital inkjet reproduce process. Through this thesis can provide a reference for handmade xuan paper in the field of digital reproduce technology.
- Published
- 2012
245. Parameters Optimization and Theoretical Analysis on Duckbill-Type Device for Sugar Beet Paper Pot Seedling Transplanting
- Author
-
Ji Yang and Bing Fu Lu
- Subjects
Engineering ,biology ,Seedling ,business.industry ,Trochoid ,General Engineering ,Sowing ,Sugar beet ,Transplanting ,Agricultural engineering ,biology.organism_classification ,business - Abstract
The transplanting device is the key component of a sugar beet paper pot seedling transplanting machine. The parallel four-bar framework is composed of active and passive disc, connecting rod and the duckbill-type linkage, which could ensure duckbill-type device always moving perpendicular to the ground, and its trajectory is trochoid. When the device rotated to near the lowest position, the duckbill’s absolute speed is close to zero, at this time the paper pot seedlings were given out to drop into the trench smoothly through opening the beak, while the role of duckbill transfered from loading to helping the paper pot seedlings to avoid dumping, and the planting process is finished through earth up and suppression. The parameters of a duckbill-type transplanting device are obtained through optimization and simulation, which could meet the requirements of duckbill-type device for transplanting paper pot seedling of sugar beet.
- Published
- 2011
246. The Application and Innovation of the Paper Material in Terms of Decoration Design
- Author
-
Wei Ping Hu and Tian Tian Yu
- Subjects
Engineering ,Architectural engineering ,Adornment ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Wallpaper ,Technology development ,business ,Interior design - Abstract
The paper material is a kind of green eco-friendly material, economic, practical and colorful, having various species. With the development of modern technology development of making paper, traditional paper material has different characteristics. This article aims to research the paper material and apply the environmental-friendly material to the adornment design. It can be applied and innovated not only in interior decoration wallpaper, but also in smallpox decoration and furniture material.
- Published
- 2011
247. Effect of Plasma-Induced Polymerization on Contact Angle of Paper
- Author
-
Jun Rong Li, Hui Ning Xiao, and Zhao Ping Song
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Acrylate ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Butyl acrylate ,General Engineering ,Polymer ,Grafting ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Polymerization ,Polymer chemistry - Abstract
Hydrophobic modification of cellulose fibres was conducted by plasma-induced polymer grafting in an attempt to increase the hydrophobicity of paper. Two hydrophobic monomers, i.e., butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) were grafted on cellulose fibres, induced by atmospheric cold plasma. Various influencing factors associated with the plasma-induced grafting were investigated, including the contact time and reaction temperature with monomers, and the dosage of monomers. Contact-angle measurement, infrared spectrum (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to ascertain the occurrence of the grafting. The results showed that the hydrophobic property of the modified paper sheet was improved significantly after the plasma-induced grafting. The water contact angle on the surface of the paper reached up to higher than125°.
- Published
- 2011
248. The Analysis of Relationships between Surface Porosity and Air Permeability of Paper (board)
- Author
-
Mei Gui Xue and Shuangfei Wang
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Materials science ,Scanning electron microscope ,Air permeability specific surface ,General Engineering ,Mineralogy ,Large range ,Composite material ,Porosity - Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to scan the surfaces of 9 kinds of food packaging paper, and the surface porosity of them was analyzed according to fractaltheory. To study the relationships between surface porosity and the air permeability of the paper samples, Schopper air permeability tester was used to test the air permeability of the samples. By fitting experimental curve, the relationships between the surface porosity and air permeability were obtained. It demonstrated that the fitting curve described the profile of the experimental values very well and the air permeability depends exponentially on surface porosity over a large range of porosity and the fitting curve equation is Ps=1.132e15.89A.
- Published
- 2011
249. GC-MS Studies on the Contaminants in Paper-Plastic Food Packaging Materials
- Author
-
Chun Yu Yang, Alun, Zhi Zhen Zhao, Zhuang Liu, and Chun Li Yang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Dibutyl phthalate ,General Engineering ,Plasticizer ,Phthalate ,Contamination ,Food safety ,Rotary evaporator ,Food packaging ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ,business - Abstract
The residual contaminants in paper-plastic food packaging materials can migrate into both surface and inside of food, and consequently harm consumer’s health. Due to this fact, the safety of food packaging materials has attracted concerns from all over world. In this study, the residual contaminants were extracted by ethanol from paper-plastic food packaging materials under ultrasonic condition and different temperatures firstly, then the extractives were concentrated by rotary evaporator, and finally the concentrated contaminants were characterized by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. The results showed that the following contaminants are detected in the paper-plastic food packaging materials: plasticizer including dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP); antioxidants including 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone and 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and solvents in printing ink production including n-Hexadecane and n-Heptadecane. Upon the test results, the conclusion is that more residual contaminants can be detected under high temperatures. This study is helpful for quality control of paper-plastic food packaging materials and has built basic foundation for future migration research.
- Published
- 2011
250. Mechanical Properties of a Sandwich Construction Material with Paper Honeycomb Core
- Author
-
Chao Han, Hai Yan Tan, Yan Ming Gao, and Weihong Wang
- Subjects
Mechanical property ,Honeycomb structure ,Materials science ,Flexural strength ,Bonding strength ,General Engineering ,Honeycomb (geometry) ,Composite material ,Sandwich-structured composite - Abstract
In this paper, sandwich construction was made up of wood surface sheet and paper honeycomb core. Some cores were impregnated with phenolic resin. Compared to untreated honeycomb materials, impregnated honeycomb core greatly improved the mechanical properties of sandwich construction composites. The results of the study showed that, sandwich construction with phenolic resin treated honeycomb core had higher bonding strength than those bonded with isocianate resin. With the increasing of honeycomb core thickness, sandwich composite material decreased in flat pressure strength, side pressure strength, and flexural properties. The results we got in this research would provide a very good reference to the application of sandwich construction with honeycomb core.
- Published
- 2011
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