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Natural fibers have been extensively studied as a reinforcement filler in obtaining composites, replacing partially synthetic fibers. The vast majority of these materials originate from agro-industrial waste with a high content of lignin and cellulose making it a very interesting material with low cost and good mechanical properties. The purpose of the study was to obtain a composite based on alkyl ketene dimer resin, for the manufacture of sustainable packaging, made of paper by adding a 10% (w/w) con-tent of green coconut fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber, and evaluated the impact of the filler on the mechanical behavior of the systems. The studied material was characterized from mechanical tests, such as Ring Crush Test (RCT) and Concora Medium Test (CMT) evaluating the maximum resistance supported by centimeter in the pre-pared composites, by the specimens. Through the RCT tests, with 10% w/w fibers, it was possible to verify that the fiber from sugarcane bagasse reached an increase of about 1% in the reinforcement effect compared to pure paper, and a difference of up to 2% in strength mechanics in relation to coir fiber, and CMT tests shows the reinforcement effect of the presence of sugarcane bagasse fiber, with an increase of about 3% compared to pure paper, and with a mechanical strength higher by 1% compared to coconut fiber. Therefore, the study was funneled with sugar cane fiber, varying the content by 20 and 30 % (w/w), evaluating the impact on the dispersion of this filler in the polymeric matrix and, consequently, the mechanical response of the composite with these compositions. The conclusion of the study was that the system prepared with 20% (w/w) was the one that achieved the greatest optimization of the mechanical properties, evaluated by the tests. This type of material can be applied to obtain cardboard boxes with resistance to high loads, due to the achievement of good mechanical properties.

Currently, paper pulping production from woody materials has many disadvantages due to its high energy, chemical, water consumption, methane emissions, and deforestation. However, the use of non-woody materials solves these problems. This study focused on the use of non-virgin raw material (Enset leaf fiber) in pulp and paper making. Enset leaf residues are the primary solid residues after the steam plant is used for “Kocho” processing. This leaf fiber has a lignocellulose component, converting this residue into Pulp and paper is crucial in terms of economic and waste management via the Kraft process. It has a higher fiber quality, lower energy consumption, and high recoverability of the chemical raw materials used in the process. The chemical composition of the Enset leaf fiber was analyzed using the Technical Association of Pulp and Paper. It has an excellent fiber length (2.12±1.46mm), fiber diameter (26.55±15.6µm) andacceptable rigidity coefficient (1.05±0.07), and flexibility coefficient (125.23±0.04). The maximum pulp yield was obtained at a temperature of 120°C, NaOH concentration of 8%, and 40 min cooking time off, which was 69.92% w/w. The functional groups of the Enset leaf fiber and morphological characteristics of the fiber were investigated.

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays)stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non-woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0%) and lignin content is the lowest (7.3%) content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry.Keywords:Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.

The aim of this study was to study the morphology and structural characteristic of NCC hydrolyzed from filter paper. The NCCs were extracted by acid hydrolysis at 50°C for 1 hour, using 55% conc. H2SO4 under vigorous mechanical stirring, centrifugation at 12000 rpm in distillate water and followed by homogenizing at 7000 rpm. The morphology and surface profiles of the NCC suspension was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The crystalline structure of the NCC was evaluated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. As a result, hydrolysed NCC was found to have a rod liked shape with diameter in the range of 100-300nm length and 10-50nm width, with the aspect ratio value of 10.3 nm. According to XRD investigations, the semi-crystalline cellulose was observed with the presence of an amorphous broad hump and crystalline peaks at 2θ of 15o and 22.7o, respectively. The crystalinity index of the raw filter paper was calculated as 86.7 % and increased to 94.4 % as it was extracted to NCC. Crystallite size of raw filter paper and NCC was calculated as 20.6 nm and 11.4 nm, respectively

In this paper, Kevlar or Polysulfonamide (PSA) pulp were used to replace plant fiber pulp partially or completely and by adjusting their ratios and a variety of Kevlar or PSA pulp reinforced activated carbon fiber paper (ACFP) were prepared via wet-laid paper making technology. The influences of addition of Kevlar or PSA pulp on the permeability, mechanical property, filtration performance, adsorption property of ACFP were discussed by maintaining the addition content of activated carbon fiber unchanged. Results showed that with the addition content of Kevlar or PSA pulp increased, the permeability and filtration performance of ACFP decreased obviously, while the bursting strength and the static CCl4 adsorption performances were firstly increased and then decreased. Generally, the permeability and filtration performance of Kevlar pulp reinforced ACFP were slightly worse than that of PSA pulp reinforced ACFP, while the bursting strength as well as the static CCl4 adsorption properties of Kevlar pulp reinforced ACFP were better than that of PSA pulp reinforced ACFP.

Fe-pillared bentonite was made into a paper-like composite by a papermaking technique using pulp fiber and activated carbon fiber. Orange II was used as a model compound to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the paper. SEM analysis showed that the catalytic paper had a porous structure originating from the layered fiber network, with Fe-pillared bentonite mostly embedded in the grooves along the axial direction of the carbon fibers. The optimum preparation conditions were: activated carbon fiber:Fe-pillared bentonite=1:2, activated carbon fiber:pulp fiber=5:3, the charges of Na2SiO3 and PAE were 2.5% based on the Fe-pillared bentonite and 0.4% based on the oven-dry fibers, respectively. The degradation ratio reached 85.2% at 180 min and after that little increase was observed. The catalyst could be repeatedly use and keep a high stability during the first 4 cycling use.

This project investigated the use of facile pulping methods to produce pulp from mixed bio-plantation waste fibres using sodium hydroxide, ethanol and garbage enzyme. Papers were successfully made from mixture of corn husk fibres with other bio-based green fibres such as banana stems and pineapple leaves. Soda pulping was found to be efficient in converting the cellulosic bio-fibres to the pulps used for paper making. The papers produced have low tensile strength, high water absorption, high bio-decomposition and degradation rate, as compared to commercial papers. SEM observation revealed that paper made from mixed bio-fibres have lightly cross-linked structures compared to heavily cross-linked or compact network structures found in commercial papers. The paper can be used in applications that require high water absorbency. The paper making process is more environmental friendly as it reduces the usage of wood fibres and hence reduces the environmental problem caused by deforestation.

Environmental awareness and depletion of the wood resources are among vital factors that motivate various researchers to explore the potential of agro-based crops as an alternative source of fiber material in paper industries such as writing, printing, wrapping, and packaging. Fibers from agro-based crops are available in abundance, low cost, and most importantly its biodegradability features, which sometimes referred as “ecofriendly” materials. This paper reports the biopulping of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora towards the properties of its fiber and paper forms. The individual fibers were characterized having good tensile properties at 0.3% of fungus treatment and favourable structural properties as characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was also shown that the PALF paper achieved desirable tear index value and uniform morphological observations compared to the conventional chemical pulping method. This new approach of pulping PALF finds applications in paper and packaging products which requires biofriendly characteristic and cost effective.

Homemade water in water cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion was applied in cigarette paper pulp as dry strengthening agent with other strengthening agent. Good collaborative effect was achieved when CPAM was used in bleached wheat straw pulp with strengthening agent E and with cationic additives L as paper pulp strengthening agent. It was also showed that distinct strengthening effect was obtained when CPAM emulsion was applied in mixture of bleached needle kraft pulp (NBKP) and wheat straw pulp, breaking length and tearing index of cigarette handsheet made of mix pulp was respectively increased by 22.2% and17.0% when the dosage of CPAM was 0.8% of dry fiber. Through analysis of cigarette handsheet section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photos, strengthening mechanism of CPAM emulsion to cigarette paper pulp was preliminary studied.

Paper acidification has become a serious problem in the world and deacidification is an effective way to extend the life of the paper documents. This essay introduced the acidification of the paper documents and the regular methods of deacidification at present. It surveyed the deacidification technologies in Europe and America countries and the progress of decacidification research programs in China, and then proposed the opinions on R&D and promotion of paper document acidification technology in China.

Super absorbent polymer (SAP) and fluff pulp were used as absorbing materials, and the different SAP mass ratio and fluff pulp were applied to paper diaper absorption core layer. Then, the influence of different SAP/fluff pulp in composite core layer on the paper diapers normal saline absorption rate and topsheet run-off were studied. Results showed that SAP has a significant effect on normal saline absorbency respect to fluff pulp. When the normal saline volume increased, the paper diapers absorption rate about normal saline decreased, while the topsheet run-off increased. When the SAP mass ratio to fluff pulp was 0.5:0.5, the liquid absorbency rate was 35.23 g/g, the paper diaper average absorption rate was 3.96 mL/s, and the biggest topsheet run-off was 13.25 g.

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.

With rapid increase of waste paper recycling, more and more researchers focus on the advanced technologies of sorting impurities form waste paper. The principals of main identification and sorting technologies are introduced in this paper, whose advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Because of importance of sorting technologies based on near-infrared spectroscopy, we emphasis its principle, application and research status etc.. At last, research and development tendency of identification and sorting technology are prospected.

Rabbit is a traditional textile material and has protein content about 93%. Rabbit hair wastes are abundantly present in textile processing due to its poor spinnability. In order to recycle the waste rabbit fiber effectively, the rabbit protein was researched. The papermaking method was performed for the first time and their properties of the hybrid paper were discussed in this study. Different contents of rabbit protein were successfully prepared and mixed with pulp fibers to remade papers. Finally, performances of these papers were characterized. The results showed that the surface of the rabbit protein paper was flat, white and writing fluently. The ink absorbance of novel paper increased. Moreover mechanical properties of the rabbit protein paper were stronger than the untreated paper. The folding endurance decreased firstly and then increased.

In this article, Fenton oxidation treatment technology was employed to the improving of quality of post treated wastewater from pulp & paper mills in order to increase the recycling ratio of final treated wastewater. The reaction conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and the removal of color were tested for the optimizing. It was found in this study that the color of Fenton oxidation treated water was variegated with the extending of settling time. The optimized conditions were: Dosage of H2O2 was 682.1mg/L(30% m/m), 1.5 times theoretical consumption, 205mg/L FeSO47H2O (H2O2:FeSO4=15:1), the initial pH and the reaction time were 4.5 and 40min, respectively. The removal of the color and COD were 51.3% and 80% after Fenton treatment. GC-MS analysis shown that the contents of organic extracts and most of organic compounds reduced significantly after the oxidational treatment.

Paper industry produces large amounts of sludge with about 65wt% moisture content. Due to its complex composition, the charge of traditional disposal method is high and easy to bring about secondary pollution. In this paper, the influences of temperature, oxidation coefficient and residence time on the performance of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of paper mill sludge were investigated. The results show that SCWO can almost completely eliminate organics in sludge and obtain transparent liquid products meeting relative national standards at 550°C, 5min with an oxidation coefficient of 3.0. However, during this process, TN changes to NH3-N, so NH3-N in liquid products increases with operation parameters, indicating the recalcitrant nature of NH3-N, and which needs further treatment.

Both water repellency and water vapour barrier properties were endowed at paper surface by coating with beeswax-chitosan latex. It was found that the water vapour transmission rate of coated paper decreased as the drying temperature increased. However, water contact angle was not affected with it. Although the surface morphology deformed at high drying temperature, the roughness values maintained at micro-scale. Further analysis indicated that the water vapour barrier property of coated paper was influenced by the density of the coating layer.

Paper cutting, as an ancient and unique Chinese characteristics of the folk traditional culture elements, comes from people's daily life, which reflects people's the most simple pursuit and yearning for a better life , is an embodiment of a traditional concept of creation in life. As the time goes on, the full integration of folk paper-cut with local culture and a variety of unique styles embodies the concept of creation and the origin of cultural spirit is a great help to the modern design. With the exploration of paper-cut culture, this paper researches the modern product design, inspirates from its creation technique and art, in order to inherit the ancient folk culture, at the same time, gives some help to the product design in the new era.

Graphene paper (GP) with layered structure and highly conductive network is fabricated by a facile technique of vacuum filtration and studied as a single-component and binder-free anode of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The process of fabrication of GP without any binder and high-temperature treatment, in the meantime, great improvement in both the capacity and cycling performance of the GP electrodes have compared with other kinds of traditional graphite electrode materials. Given the simplifying anode fabrication, low manufacturing costs and many electrochemical properties of the GP anode, it is regarded as an excellent anode material of LIB with great promise for its both excellent cycling performance and electrochemical properties. The specific capacity can reach to over 200 mAhg-1after 60 charge-discharge cycles under the current rate of 50 mAg-1.

The study aimed to describe the alkaline treatment advantage to remove ash component from natural rice straws. Most of the ash component in the rice straw is silica. High ash content is particularly harmful to cutting tools and to chemical to recovery systems in the pulp paper industry. In this study, the silica content has been removed simply through by immersion process in the 5% sodium hydroxide solution to obtain de-silicated rice straw. The study revealed the effectiveness of this alkaline process and the compatibility in commercial practice. The rice straw pulping is considered competitively to complement the global demand of raw material in paper production. Therefore, the treated rice straw plays an important role in providing raw material in the form of wood and rice straw blend feedstock for pulp and paper industry.

Based on the domestic OCC pulp as raw material, it was found that the optimum conditions for laccase treatment were: the concentration of laccase 16U/g dry pulp, the pulp consistency 5%, temperature 50 °C, pH=5.0 and reaction time 90min. OCC treated with laccase alone can improve paper strength properties. The dry tensile index and wet tensile index of the control sample were 21.80 Nm/g and 0.22 Nm/g, respectively. The dry tensile index and wet tensile index after OCC treated with laccase alone were 23.36 Nm/g and 0.28 Nm /g. Comparing to the control pulp, the dry tensile index and wet tensile index of OCC treated with laccase were increased by 6.88% and 27.3%, respectively. At the same time, the laccase system can obviously improve the strength of the pulp properties with adding the mediator, especially using histidine, the dry and wet strength of paper was largely improved.

Pulp from the oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) was extracted via Alkaline Peroxide Pulping (APP). The pulping process was conducted through three main steps; dewaxing of EFB, impregnation of alkaline peroxide (AP) into EFB and refining of biomass to finally produce the pulp. The varying peroxide levels and number of impregnation stages were found to affect the refining energy consumption and the properties of the resultant pulp and paper. Diagnosis by electron microscopic imaging revealed a strong correlation between paper properties development and paper surface morphologies. By multiplying the stages of the low alkaline peroxide level (2:2.5% AP) impregnation, refining energy could be reduced by 30% while improving brightness and paper mechanical properties. Higher alkaline peroxide level (4:5% AP) could reduce the refining energy by 50% while still improving brightness. Beyond these AP levels (8:10% AP), refining energy could be reduced by 67% by increasing the number of impregnation stages, with positive effects on brightness and paper mechanical properties. The findings suggest that increasing the AP impregnation stages had exposed more active sites to react with AP. The enhanced AP accessibility to EFB structures facilitated mechanical fibrillation of EFB vascular bundles through the refining process. The proper synergy between AP and the adopted mechanical refining was the factor that triggered the liberation of nanocells from EFB biomass and this had ultimately improved paper properties.

The combustion of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal in air was analyzed using a thermogravimetric instrument. TG and DTG curves for the blends lies between that of the individual fuels, and the main combustion characteristics of blends depended on individual fuels and followed the weighted average. As the blending ratio of paper mill sludge was increased from 10% to 90%, the ignite temperature (Ti) decreased from 529.6°C. to 275.6°C., and residual weight increased from 19.28% to 47.39%. The TG profiles of sample were almost the same at different heating rates, however there was a big difference between the DTG profiles. The maximum weight loss rate of sample increased obviously with the increment of heating rate. This work contributes to the comprehensive understanding of paper mill sludge and bituminous coal combustion and development of co-combustion technology.

The treatment on the secondary biochemical effluent of pulp and paper wastewater by Fenton oxidation was studied and the influence of H2O2dosage, Fe2+dosage, pH and reaction time on the treatment effect was investigated by the orthogonal test and single-factor test. The treatment effect was eminent when the H2O2dosage was 3.75mmol/L, Fe2+dosage was 3.20mmol/L, pH was 4.00 and the reaction time was 80.00min. The removal rate of UV254and chromaticity significantly increased as H2O2dosage was 1.88 ~ 3.75mmol /L, but the COD removal rate declined as H2O2dosage was more than 2.81mmol/L; each removal rate increased and then decreased slightly with the increase of Fe2+dosage, each removal rate dropped obviously as pH was more than 5.00; within 80.00min, the removal rate increased significantly, it changed little with the continuous increase of reaction time. Under the optimal conditions, the COD removal with Fenton oxidation was more effective and its removal rate could achieve 88.33%, it was advantageous compared with ozone oxidation; but the elimination effect of UV254and chromaticity to pulp and paper wastewater with ozone oxidation was better, the two removal rate achieved 83.70% and 92.00% in a short time, respectively. Although it could reach such a removal effect by Fenton oxidation, it did not have the superiority in reaction time.

Because of the public environmental awareness growing and Fibrous raw material shortage, waste paper recycling has received widespread attention, increased year by year. Waste paper fiber through the whole process of pulping and papermaking, different production processes and the use of environment, waste paper fiber can occur in many different changes compared with the original fiber, accordingly the paper properties change.In this study, a high-quality aspen high-yield pulp (HYP) was used to improve the Waste paper pulp properties at the laboratory scale.The results indicate that adding 25% aspen HYP into unrefined or refined Waste paper fiber can minimize many of the drawbacks associated with Waste paper fiber: improving its drainage, bulk, and opacity. And addition of a small amount (about 1%) of cationicstarch can also significantly increase the tensile index of OCC.

Ink penetration and distribution affect the final appearance of printing and usage of ink, which are closely concerned by printer and paper maker. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between drying and back trap mottle. The different drying temperature was carried out to change the coating structure and properties. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink distribution by LSCM. The results indicated that drying temperature affected ink distribution evenness. Higher and lower drying temperature could not contribute to ink absorption uniformity. Appropriate drying temperature could contribute to form the best printability of coated paper. Backtrap mottle was tightly linked with ink penetration evenness and uniform ink absorption leaded to little back trap mottle.

Due to a shortage of wood source fibre in paper making industrys interest to agriculture residues fibre as a potential fibre sources in this industry. In this situation, importance has been developing in the paper industry from agriculture residue that will replace the wood fibre. Cocoa pod husk and Corn stalk are agriculture residues, which is good materials for paper production. The objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical characterization and surface morphology structure of these materials. The main components of materials which are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash content were parameters that involved in determination of chemical characterization in this study. The determination of chemical composition was accordance to Kurshner-Hoffner approach (cellulose), Chlorine Method (hemicellulose), T 222 om-06 (lignin) and T 211 om-07 (ash content). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface structure of materials. From results obtained, corn stalk shows the higher amount in cellulose (39%) and hemicellulose (42%) content compared to the cocoa pod husk. In addition, lower lignin content also obtained in Corn stalk (7.3%) rather than that Cocoa pod husk (14.7%). From Scanning electron microscopy images, Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk contained abundance lignocellulosic and rough surface structure due to the untreated materials. The result either chemical characterization or surface morphology that obtained in Corn stalk and Cocoa pod husk fibre wastes can be used successfully as an alternative fibres sources in papermaking application.

The structure of the coating layer has a strong influence on the optical and physical properties of paper as well as on the print quality. Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of calender on coating surface structure and Printability. The surface structure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicated that the calender treatment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. It could be concluded that Calender could increase the smoothness, gloss and paper surface efficiency of coated paper, which resulted in lower amount of ink usage, lower amount of ink absorption and higher print density.

The electric papers have a wide variety of uses like in transformers, cables and power capacitors. Each application involves different requirements related to its mechanical and electric properties. The kraft is the dielectric paper most used due its high mechanical resistance and a dielectric strength of around 5 kV/mm that is increased up to 30 kV/mm when is impregnated with mineral oil and typically has a density of 0.7, nevertheless continuous improvements in the design, for example, of power transformers raise the need to improve its electrical properties particularly those related to its relative permittivity. In this article, structural parameters such as distribution and pore size of kraft paper and theoretical analysis for possible addition of nanofillers to improve their dielectric behavior are reported. A possible and better criterion for designing transformers can be the employment of kraft paper nano-inserted with 5 % of TiO2 or BaTiO3 stew in mineral oil and immersed in natural ester liquid.

The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of drying methods on surface properties and ink penetration. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used in order to characterize the penetration depth through quantitative analysis. Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. The results showed that the drying methods had an important role on the surface properties and ink penetration of coated paper. Infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying was good to improve the paper properties, which resulted in low roughness, high gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency. It could be concluded that infrared drying compared with vacuum drying and hot air drying resulted in the highest print density and better printability.

Based on the analysis of the concept of green technology innovation capability, this paper not only structures the evaluation index system of green technology innovation capability in pulp and paper enterprises, builds the evaluation model of green technology innovation capability for pulp and paper enterprises based on Support Vector Machines with Radial Basis Function kernel, but also achieves the optimization of kernel function parameters, penalty factors and insensitive parameters based on a heuristic algorithm for tuning hyper-parameters. This model is more suitable for pulp and paper enterprises to evaluate green technology innovation capability, compared with the evaluation method of BP neural network.

The physical structure of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on surface microstructure and surface free energy was investigated. The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. Kaolin pigment compared with calcium carbonate pigment was good to improve the paper surface smoothness. Surface free energy of kaolin pigment coating was higher than calcium carbonate pigment coating, which showed that surface wettability of coating with kaolin pigment was better than calcium carbonate pigment.

Polyimide fibers and polyamide acid fibers was used as main materials to produce Polyimide fiber paper. A certain amount of PEO and aramid pulp was added and the sheet was treated by immersion and hot pressing in specified process. The experimental results showed that when the dosage of PEO and aramid pulp were 0.06% and 6% respectively, the sheet tended to present more excellent strength properties and electrical performance compared with sheet using single polyimide fibers as the main fiber materials.

This research were examined the spinning processes of paper mulberry yarn and also investigated the physical properties of paper mulberry yarn. The results show that a possibilities of spinning of paper mulberry fiber into yarn which is a longitudinal view similar to that of cotton. An average yarn count, tenacity and elongation are 1,022 tex, 66.39 cN/tex, and 17.80%, respectively. These results represent the beginning of the research to rescue traditional knowledge, combined with the possibility of the introduction of a new textile fiber on the market.

This research were examined the characteristics chemical and physicalof paper mulberry fiber and also developed the spinning processes of paper mulberry yarn to make the fabric by weaving and knitting. The chemical composition of paper mulberry fiber was approximately 72.5% cellulose, while hemi-cellulose, lignin, pectin, and water-soluble were 17, 2.6, 2.3, and 5.6%, respectively. The characteristics and physical properties of paper mulberry fabric were also investigated.

The principle of offset printing is the graphic part lipophilicity and the blank part oleophobic hydrophilic. Based on the ink-water balance theory, this paper mainly discusses the base paper and the coating formulations of paper-based printing plate. In this paper the properties of the paper-based printing plate of the different coating formulations were detected and evaluated, meanwhile these plates were tested in the offset printing. Based on the detection of print quality, plate coating performance and the number of copies printed, the base paper and coating formulations of this plate was be determined. The results of this study for this plate have some significance in the actual production.

The application of hydrated calcium silicate as filler in paper from wheat straw pulp is studied in this paper. It shows that that with the increase of dosage of hydrated calcium silicate, the stiffness of paper improves, and the whiteness and the printing color density of paper improve, but the tightness and tensile strength of paper decrease. When the dosage of CPAM is 0.45 g/kg, the tightness, tensile strength, tearing index, whiteness and printing color density reach the large value. Paper ash content increased with the increase of amount of hydrated calcium silicate, but paper ash gains is not big after the dosage of hydrated calcium silicate reaches 20%.

Filter paper splash procedure is a kind of measuring means to raindrop size. It is used widely and operated briefly and its cost is low. The article mainly introduces the influence of different heights to the stain diameter and the relationship between stain diameter and the raindrops. According to the experiment, the relation between the stain diameter and the raindrops is d=0.478D0.610.it is the research foundation of filter paper stain method. According to the data from Fangxian area using the method of filter paper splash procedure, we can conclude that the raindrop kinetic energy has a positive relationship with rainfall intensity. The research is useful for measuring the water and soil loss.Water and soil loss is one of the global environment problems. The most important factor which can cause water and soil loss is rainfall. The research on raindrop kinetic energy is important for the further analysis of water and soil loss. A classical approach for the research on raindrop kinetic energy is paper splash procedure. The relationship between stain diameter and raindrop diameter shall be calibrated in this approach. In general, influences from titrated water drop height and stain diameter are not considered in the calibration process. In this experiment, influences of rain drop height on stain diameter are researched in the stain calibration, settling basis for the research on local volume of water and soil loss.

The Paper studied the effects of pigments and base paper on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The results showed that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased, and coating surface binder concentration increased with the increase of particle size of pigments. The result also indicated to small base paper absorbency, coating surface has high binder migration level, the coating layer bottom (base paper direction) has low binder concentration. To high absorbency base paper, the opposite is true.

A nano-material named opal blended with polymer, then were added into slurry, after a series of special paper-making process, the rice paper releasing anion was successfully prepared by us. By test of SEM, we observed nano-structure morphology in the image of opal particle and rice paper sample. A series of mechanical properties had been tested as GB18739 or QB/T3515 standard. After testing of anion concentration, maximum of rice paper reached -9510cm-3，meet the needs of human health. There is no doubt opal is a kind of environmental material for human health.

The study on the start-up of the pilot-scale immobilized and suspended biomass combination processing to treat the comprehensive effluent from a wheat straw pulp and paper plant was performed. The carrier packing selected in this experiment is a new type of microbial carrier (modified polyurethane foam plastic packing) which dosing rate was 20% of the reactor volume. The low quantity of inoculation sludge way is used to start the system. The test results show that the removal efficiency of COD and SS by the immobilized and suspended biomass combination technology system after a weak or so can be stable, as the effluent SS was below 50mg/L, the removal rate of 95% or more and the effluent COD was below 260mg/L, the removal rate of 85% or more. From start to 10th day, the attached sludge concentration on biomass conversion was more than 20g/L, while the microscope observation to biological adherent microbes suspended sludge and carrier phase indicated abundant microbial species. The fact indicates that the start-up can be finished in 10 days.

The coating binder migration and concentration in z-direction of coating layer especially in coating surface influence the coated paper printing properties. The results indicated that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the coated paper opacity decreases, and the K&N value decreases. The relationship of K&N value and binder concentration in surface of coating layer was linear, which indicated that compared to binder dosage concentration in coating color, the K&N value and coating surface binder concentration has higher correlation. The more uniform the binder distribution in cross section of coating layer, the greater the IGT.

Paper-cut animation is rooted in Chinese folk culture, which is an important constituent part of Chinese animation. This article has analyzed the own artistic charm of paper-cut animation, from the early traditional manufacturing method and its insufficiencies as well as the questions we faced, to details of the new manufacturing method after the application of modern computer technology to the paper-cut animation. Also the article emphasizes the introduction of manufacturing advantages after the computer technology applied to the paper-cut animation, as well as discussions on application value of paper-cut animation in business and service domains, etc.

During the manufacture of recycled paper, paper sludge is discharged as an industrial waste. The amount of sludge discharged from manufacturing plants increases annually. In this study, the organic constituents, such as cellulose, in the sludge were converted into carbonaceous heavy metal absorbents using sulfur treatment. Paper sludge was washed with 5 M HCl solution to remove inorganic content, and then immersed in 1 M K2S solution for 24 h. After immersion, the sample was heated at 800 °C for 1 h under N2 atmosphere, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the product. The sludge was mainly composed of inorganic content, such as calcite, kaolinite and talc, and organic content. Calcite was removed with acid washing and sulfur was impregnated into the sludge by immersing it into the K2S solution. The product with sulfur impregnation indicated higher removal abilities for lead and nickel than those without sulfur impregnation.

Due to the presence of recalcitrant organic compounds, the pulp and paper effluents after treatment by conventional biological processes still contain high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colored substances and do not satisfy the national emission standard. The objectives of this work are to present the research process on environmental materials with application of ozone-based technologies in removal of characteristic pollutants in pulp and paper effluents and suggest the feasible development trend. In this work, basic mechanisms of degradation of organic pollutants by ozone-based technologies in the presence of environmental materials as catalyst are described. The removal efficiencies of characteristic pollutants commonly found in pulp and paper effluents, such as absorbable organic halogens (AOX), resin and fatty acids, phenolic compounds, lipophilic wood extractives and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), are presented.

The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

Tertiary treatment wascarried out to treat pulp and paper effluent from secondary treatment processby a three-dimensional electrode system equipped with modifiedbentonites as powdery electrode. The cetyl trimethylammonium bromide modified bentonite (CTAB-bent) and hydroxy-aluminum pillaredorganic bentonite (OH-Al-CTAB-bent) were synthesized and characterized by XRDand FTIR spectroscopy analysis.The impacts such as the dosage of particle electrode, electrolysis times,current density were on the COD removal efficiency and decolorization effect ofeffluent were also investigated. The results showed that the experimentscarried out by three-dimensional electrode system with OH-Al-CTAB-bent weresufficient for the COD and color removal efficiency. A current density of 30mA/cm2, electrolysis time of 40min, and the particle electrodedosage of 1.6g/L were selected as an optimum conditions that allows fast andlow cost treatment. The effluent can achieve the discharge standard of waterpollutants for pulp and paper industry (GB3544-2008) after electrolysis.

Waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) is a byproduct and problematic waste of paper industries. The investigation was driven by the increasing demand for reuse options in paper-recycling industry. This paper present on the morphology and physical analysis studies on polymerization of WPSA mortar. Two (2) types of polymeric mortar mixes containing WPSA with alkaline activators and without alkaline activators were prepared. The morphology of each mixes was determined using Spectra Electron Microscope (SEM) and the physical test is focus on compressive strength. However, the element diffraction of each mixes using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was also carried out as a method to identify the polymerization of polymeric mortar. From the result obtained it is found that the utilization of WPSA reduced the polymerization of polymeric mortar due to more pores. From the EDX analysis it is also revealed that the WPSA polymeric mortar also contained less synthetic aluminous silicate compound. However, the strength gain up to 6MPa and it is comparable with other high calcium material mortar.

The surface topography and properties of coating layer have an important influence on penetration and distribution of the print ink. In this research, the main objective was to investigate the effect of binder migration on the coating surface microstructure. The surface microstructure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the binder migration on the coating surface affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The little binder migration in the consolidation phase of coating color made a contribution to the forming of the coating layer, which made the coating surface more smother to printing performance.

In this study, paper sludge ash, a waste from pulp and paper industry was used as a filler in fabricating Plaster of Paris/paper sludge ash composites. Various percentage of paper sludge ash was used, namely 1wt.%, 3wt.%, 5wt.% and 7wt.%. The effect of paper sludge ash on the compressive strength of the Plaster of Paris was studied. The mixed powder of paper sludge ash and Plaster of Paris were form into a 6 mm diameter and 12 mm height cylindrical samples. The composites were characterized theirs density where it shows that the density decreased as the amount of paper sludge ash increased. The compressive strength of the composites also decreased from 11.67 MPa without paper sludge ash addition to 0.50 MPa at 7wt.% paper sludge ash. However, the requirement of strength for Plaster of Paris in industry is between 8.96 MPa to 20.68 MPa. From the SEM observation, sample contain higher percentage of paper sludge ash exhibited more porosity. Therefore with the addition of 1wt.% of paper sludge ash into Plaster of Paris can be a promising construction material.