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The principle of offset printing is the graphic part lipophilicity and the blank part oleophobic hydrophilic. Based on the ink-water balance theory, this paper mainly discusses the base paper and the coating formulations of paper-based printing plate. In this paper the properties of the paper-based printing plate of the different coating formulations were detected and evaluated, meanwhile these plates were tested in the offset printing. Based on the detection of print quality, plate coating performance and the number of copies printed, the base paper and coating formulations of this plate was be determined. The results of this study for this plate have some significance in the actual production.

The drying section of paper machine is not only the major energy-consuming parts of the papermaking process, but also one of the main bottleneck restricting the speed, yield and paper quality. So the research on the drying section has attracted much attention at home and abroad. In view of the traditional steam dryer shortcomings, this paper first introduces two kinds of improvement measures —— the tubulator bar and the siphon which can improve the efficiency of the traditional steam dryer. With the development of the paper industry, domestic and international research on the new type of paper drying technology has achieved some success. Then, we analyse their working principle and characteristic, and conclude that multi-channel dryer has a broad research and application prospects.

For the family embarrassment and annoyance brought by the replacement of slippers when someone pays a visit, a cutting paper tape machine for sole coating was designed. Based on the detailed calculation and preliminary drafted general design scheme, the electric motor was chosen, the transmission ratio was distributed reasonably, the structural style and related parameters of worm gear were designed, and the stress strength was checked. Based on these, the three-dimensional model was established, through simply simulation, the scheme was verified and improved, and the parametric design was realized. Thus, one kind of convenient and practical cutting paper tape machine for sole coating is provided for families and high-grade places, which is greatly convenient to visitors.

In the papermaking process, improve the efficiency of dehydration is the most important part of the control system of the paper machine press section, in order to improve the the papermaking efficiency and the quality of paper, the paper analyzed, the shoe working hydraulic oil passage analyzed.

The curriculum construction is a very important work leading to the excellent course. Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton (including 32 class hours) is a new elective course to the printing engineering in our college. It is very important and necessary to construct the course in time. At first, the current states and difficulties were introduced in the paper, which was that teaching contents, teaching courseware and teacher team should be all improved. Especially, the teaching content proportion on both paper box and carton was set. And then the ideas and ways used for building up the curriculum system are presented as integrating the teaching contents, reforming the teaching mode and strengthening the teaching management. Finally, the significance of carrying out the teaching reform was put forward, and the achievements of course construction should be applied to the usual teaching work. The curriculum Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton was reckoned as the excellent curriculum of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication in 2013.

This paper presents methods of cushioning package design. The analysis of existing shortcoming is made when the maximum accelerationstatic stress curve (what is called curve) is applied to the cushion package design, at the same time ,the principle and method steps to get curve are briefly introduced when the stressenergy method is used .the function between the key parameters of cushioning package design is acquired by the stressenergy method .By comparing the data produced with matlab software with the real experimental ones in some paper, the possibilities to get curve of casual drop height and cushion thickness by one-time experiment to get curve with stress-energy method is demonstrated. Based on the function of key parameters of cushioning package acquired, the reversed cushioning package design method is carried out.

Within the inventions of human beings,paper has its unique meaning and influence, this sensitive, slender, fragile, old material, provided a possibility of innovation for artists----traditional paper folding. Many artists take the advantage of its specialty and superiority to design variety distinctive lamps. The essay states the fantasy paper art, and deeply explain how traditional paper art deduces methods and thinking of modern lamps, on the basis of analyzing the specialty and superiority of papers [1].

The curriculum construction is a very important work leading to the excellent course. Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton (including 32 class hours) is a new elective course to the printing engineering in our college. It is very important and necessary to construct the course in time. At first, the current states and difficulties were introduced in the paper, which was that teaching contents, teaching courseware and teacher team should be all improved. Especially, the teaching content proportion on both paper box and carton was set. And then the ideas and ways used for building up the curriculum system are presented as integrating the teaching contents, reforming the teaching mode and strengthening the teaching management. Finally, the significance of carrying out the teaching reform was put forward, and the achievements of course construction should be applied to the usual teaching work.

A kind of paper-separation mechanism of packing machine for medicine was introduced in this paper. A new contour line of cam is designed on the basis of the analysis of suction nozzle. The design of the profile of conjugate-cams provides theory evidence for the design of high-speed paper-separation

According to the reverse design for the motion law of the follower in the swing upward conjugated cam paper-feeding mechanism, the technological requirements of positive design for paper-feeding mechanism are obtained. The quintic polynomial is presented to simulate the motion law of the paper-feeding tooth, and the mathematic model of the profile for conjugated cam is established. The profile of conjugated cam based on an actual sample is calculated, and the feasibility of this method is validated. It has some reference to design similar products.

A process has been developed to impart permanent paper press finish to wool fabric using the pressure decatiser. This involves developing a new wrapper fabric with appropriate smoothness, strength and steam permeability. The processing time is similar to that normally used in the pressure decatiser, thus in comparison with the conventional Paper Press finish, the processing and labour costs are significantly reduced.

The function of components and the theory of oil-paper capacitive bushing are introduced by analyzing its contracture, and the electric properties of insulation materials are instructed. The reasons and damages of lack of oil are proper illustrated, and the judging methods are offered. The distinguishing process of lack oil of bushing is illustrated by examples, and the accuracy and rationality of lack of oil finding by capacitive volume, dielectric loss angle, oil chromatogram analyzing and infrared ray test are demonstrated.

Analyzed the result computed of finite element heat transfer, discovered the temperature difference between the two sides of head is very small. Therefore its hot loss is very big. In addition, the temperature of dryer head flank is basically the same. Therefore the dryer head's heat dissipation can be simplified as a question of univariate heat conduction, also simplified to be a big plate heat conduction problem. This article offers simple algorithmic analysis of dryer head temperature field algorithm and the heat dissipation computation, and studied the head temperature computation and the heat dissipation analysis with a heat preservation board added. The importance that increased heat preservation board for energy conservation is pointed out.

When processing in the manufacture for production of paperboard boxes, there arises amount of waste paper as material, which is subsequently sent for recycling. The paper passes through the first crushing device, which ensures small pieces so that they can be transported by pipeline to a pressing apparatus. Paper material in the molding machine is forced into the pits of suitable size due to the additional handling and transport. So both pipe as well as the molding machine may be so congested with material during the failure that the equipment requires unexpected additional cleaning. The sensor detects the level of waste material in pressing device, thereby avoiding congestion in a timely manner and prevents subsequent failure. The sensor uses the resonant frequency of the oscillating rod. The microprocessor controls and evaluates the response of the rod oscillations. Sensor performance was exposed to qualification tests when it shows ability to operate also in extreme conditions such as dirty and dusty surrounding with high humidity and temperature level. Sensor detects the vibration attenuation at the poles of the rod that is caused by touching different materials. Thus may indicate changing concentration level of a material and not just pieces of paper but for example, also sand or other suitable materials or height of fluid surface.

This essay analyses the mechanical behavior of the paper machine drying section rack by FEA method, obtaining transformation and stress distribution of the rack under static loading, so as to achieve the natural frequency and the corresponding strain, stress of the rack. This paper could provide theoretical foundation for design, fault diagnosis or reforming speed acceleration.

According to each subsystem of its own energy-consumption characteristics in paper machine dryer section, taking heat transfer in the dryer section as paramount, the stepwise recovery and optimal use of steam as the target to decompose the multi-Agent energy consumption network. It’s combined with optimal strategies of decomposition and coordination in the process of energy integrated optimization, the divisional principle of Agent functional specifications, the structure and performance of computer network systems. The paper discussed the energy network topology of multi Agent overall nodes in paper machine dryer section that provide the foundation for research on the Energy-saving Optimization Coordination Model Based on Muti-Agent for Papermaking Drying Process.

This paper analyzed the dynamic state of the water ring, which is formed through the exothermic process of steam condensation, and its influence on heat transfer during the operating process of the high speed paper machine’s drying cylinder. The influence of perturbation on the flow condition of the water ring was also discussed. This information was used to design the steam-knife gas supply system in the drying cylinder. This system provides a so-called steam-knife to attack the water ring, which would change the dynamic state of the water ring’s fluid level. This would ultimately improve the heat transfer efficiency.

The high-speed blanking process applying precision progressive die represents the one of the highest level of today’s stamping technology, mainly is used for the production of the ultra-thin, small, complex electronic components. An orthogonal experiment scheme with three factors (including blanking clearance, surface roughness of the die, stamping speed) was established in this paper based on the actual production. The high-speed blanking process experiment applying precision progressive die was carried out base on this scheme. The quality of the shearing edging of blanking parts was used to evaluate the different influence degree of three factors. The result showed that the surface roughness of the die affected the quality of the shearing edging more than that of the other two. The higher the die surface accuracy, the better the quality of the shearing edging. The result also showed that the high speed can reduce the quantity of the burr of the blanking of the ultra-thin sheet metal.

This paper based on the CDIO international engineering education philosophy, we conceived a more detailed mechanical engineering major training system, and we analyzed the problems in the teaching process, we described the knowledge, ability and quality that students should have, at the same time we discussed the implementation method of trinity of engineering project, workplace environment, industry-university cooperation.

Inflatable structures have many potential applications in space collapsible structures, this paper based on the premise of the same exploring features on the Planetary Exploration Device (PED) designs a new type of inflatable and lightweight model of PED. The device structure is designed to be a wheel style, which can be folded together in the transport process and in non-working state. Comparing with traditional devices, the new Wheeled Planetary Exploration Device (CWPED) reduces the space of transporting the exploration equipments and decreases the transport costs, moreover, this device provides convenient conditions for the equipment package of the CWPED, and there are evident advantages in the aspects of handing, solar absorption, volume and quality. This article mainly introduces the preliminary design of the CWPED, and the structural characteristics of the device, the principle of motion control and the design of wheeled body skin material are analyzed.

3D thermal-mechanical coupled numerical simulation of heat pulp mould was carried out. The numerical simulation result shows the rising up process of mould temperature. Temperature distribution contours shows the temperature status on the mould. Temperature distribution results provide reliable guarantee to change the mould structure, so that the temperature distribution on surface becomes uniform. Displacement contours show the mould deformation under the coupled effect of hot temperature and mechanical pressure. The displacement value of nodes can offer reference size to scale mould at the design stage. As a result, high accuracy mould will be manufactured, and this will improve the passing rare of product.

In this paper, an innovative approach for contact zone analysis of skive hobbing is presented. This process is characterised by varying tool engagements and very small chip thicknesses. The paper describes the process-modelling and the analysis of the workpiece-tool contact. For efficient modelling, a novel dexel-based method for the description of a gear segment with discretized stock allowance is presented. Characteristic for the method is an analytical description of the target workpiece contour which allows to describe points of the surface by Cartesian coordinates on the winding off. On this workpiece contour, dexel are modelled in surface-orthogonal direction. The initial lengths of these dexel describe the stock allowance. By cutting these dexel with a tool, a time-and position-dependent prediction of material removal values, like width of undeformed chip, undeformed chip thickness or cutting directions can be obtained. Selected results are presented and interpreted.

Electromagnetic actuators are used in a variety of technical applications especially in the automotive industry. In-line process control methods are an essential component of the Lean and Six Sigma methodology to ensure process quality. However, the current state of the art in process and quality control is largely limited to end-of-line measurements of the force output. Analysing the magnetic stray field is a promising method that can be used to draw conclusions on the properties and defects of the flux-conducting magnetic materials. This phenomenon can potentially be used to identify defects in magnetic actuators thus allowing inline quality-monitoring. In order to realize this feature, patterns in the magnetic stray field of an actuator have to be identified and linked to a specific defect. The resulting challenge is the analysis of large datasets in order to characterize the stray field anomalies. This paper summarizes the results of a study on linear magnetic actuators trying to prove a relationship between parasitic magnetic stray field and the overall force output of an actuator by analysing the data with statistical methods. The findings of this study suggest that certain statistical methods, like regression, are not well suited to build a prediction model for defects in actuators using a similar approach of measuring stray field outside the actuator. This is mainly due to the fact that prerequisites for model building are difficult to full fill within the context of stray field analysis. Nevertheless, the findings also suggest that methods of exploratory data analysis can be used to derive quality relevant information from data of stray field measurements. The paper elaborates on the problem of defining a population, choosing variables for model building, as well as model error.

Nuclear experimental instrumentation frequently includes the usage of thin-walled (metallic sheathed) thermocouples passing through the boundaries of pressure vessels. This is accomplished by sealing the thermocouples by brazing through special design fittings (passages) which are later sealed / welded to the body of the vessel.Two are the challenges to face : (a) the manufacture of the instrumented passage (b) its mandatory qualification, according to relevant standards. Even the brazing qualification standards are more flexible than for welding, the peculiar situation of nuclear instrumentation still needs special consideration and it is not properly covered by the regular standards.The paper describes the experience of the authors in manufacture of the instrumented passages with steel or Inconel sheathed thermocouples, along with some other known projects, in conjunction with applicability of relevant standards: ASME code, AWS standards, national standards. Since it is about pressure vessels, ASME prescriptions are mandatory in Romania; other standards may serve as valuable sources for the “engineering judgment” allowed and recommended by ASME code.The main problem in such specialty brazing qualification is that for some combinations of base metals and filler (imposed by application), one cannot avoid the significant fragilization due to a tremendous increase of hardness in the brazing area. Base material erosion is added and the effect is catastrophic : sectioning the thermocouples at the slightest movement. For example, brazing Inconel thin-walled tubes with BNi-7 is very hard to control – experimental data and images are included in the paper to illustrate this.Therefore, special means must be applied both in fabrication and in qualification, in order to ensure the product is functional and safe, even being fragile. This approach can be found in French design of irradiation devices, being also considered in the French code for design and construction of experimental reactors and irradiation devices. Being known that French experience in this field is vast, their approach makes us confident that our brazing technique is not wrong but the problem is to be solved through ‘smart’ design and specific procedures. Consequently a tentative set of domestic rules for work and qualification is proposed for discussion and further improvement.

Simulation studies on a new concept of modular Magnetorheological (MR) valve using annular-radial gap combination are discussed in this paper. This study predicts and compares the performance of MR valve module with three different commercial kind MR fluids namely the MRF-122EG, MRF-132DG, and MRF140CG. Magnetorheological effect in various types of MR fluid is analyzed using finite element method (FEM) software in term of simulation magnetic field density within the valve module. The approximated functions of permeability and field dependent yield stress for each kind of MR fluid are derived and presented in this paper as a prerequisite for simulation works. The result has shown that the highest pressure drop rating is reached by applying an MR fluid type MRF140CG, for another kind has shown smallest of pressure drop rating because of the ability to produce the achievable pressure drop highly depends on MR fluid properties.

Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is a very interesting method for modifying microstructure in producing ultra-fine grained materials (UFG) and nanomaterials (NM). In the ECAP processing a sample is pressed through a die in which two channels of equal cross-section intersect at an angle of ϕ and an additional angle of ψ define the arc of curvature at the outer point of intersection of the two channels. ECAP is unique because significant cold work can be accomplished without reduction in the cross sectional area of the deformed workpiece. The key feature of ECAP processing is almost as a general rule the die design and manufacture as there is limited knowledge about ECAP and especially about ECAP die design, present paper offering an optimum solution to this problem, applied to multi-pass ECAP processing of an aluminum alloy. In this study a number of three ECAP dies with vertical configuration were considered, thereby combining the ease of execution with a relatively high maneuverability and posing minimum difficulties when extracting samples from the output channel. An optimum solution is also given by the present paper for designing and manufacturing the punches used for pressing the aluminum alloy through the three ECAP dies, minimizing this way the force required for plastic deformation and the power consumption and improving the ECAP process efficiency and stability.

Machining at high cutting speeds produces higher temperatures in the cutting zone. These temperatures affect the surface quality and flank wear progress. Therefore, determining the optimum cutting levels to achieve the minimum surface roughness and flank wear is an important for it is economical and mechanical issues. This paper presents the optimization of machining parameters in end milling processes by using the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) as one of the unconventional methods in optimization. The minimum arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and minimum flank wear length were the objectives. The mathematical models have been developed, in terms of cutting speed, feed rate, and axial depth of cut by using Response surface Methodology (RSM). This paper presents the optimum cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut to achieve the minimum values of surface roughness and minimum flank wear length. The results show that the cutting speed in the range of 200 m/min, feed rate of 0.05 mm/tooth and depth of cut of 0.1mm gave the minimum arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) for 164 and minimum flank wear for 0.0379 in the boundary design of the experiment after 8000 iteration.

Based on the static elastic-plastic analysis program REPFPA, the impact of concrete material elastic-brittle-plastic damage model and its numerical test methods was studied. This paper has introduced the visualization technology, preparation of pre-processing related modules and graphical visualization display and many other functions into the nonlinear dynamic program, which is convenient for users to operate and view the results. And the numerical experiments of dynamic response of cantilever beam problems and spherical shell under step load elastic-plastic problems was produced. Compared with the results of other scholars and literature, we’ll verify the validity of the research in this paper.

Exhaust passage is a significant part of the gasoline engine, its structure will affects the gas flow characteristics of the engine directly [1]. So, research and analysis of the exhaust tract is essential. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the flow field under cold state and hot state was made. For a start, the method of laser scanning and UG software were used to reverse modeling engine exhaust port and get the three-dimensional model. The next, the unstructured grid with local mesh refinement scheme was used to mesh this three-dimensional model with ICEM. After this, numerical simulations of the exhaust passage with five different valve lifts were carried out under thermal and cold conditions. Finally, comparing the velocity field and pressure field of the exhaust passage under cold state and thermal state, it can be find that the flow field under hot and cold state have similar characteristics. The results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for following researches of the engine exhaust port.

The cost of building insulation materials in construction phase has a significant impact on its energy costs in operational phase, so that it plays a meaningful role to make the total cost of insulation material low in both phases. From the point of the selection to thickness of outer heat insulation materials, this paper, making full use of energy simulation software, is keen to study on the thickness of heat insulation materials based on optimal cost principle in perspective of whole life cycle, in case of an artitecture in a some shopping mall. With the aid of eQUEST energy smulation software, this paper tries to simulate the cost of cooling and heating technology, besides it simulates different thick insultion materials, which takes advantage of mathematical models to acquire the relationship between energy consumption and thermal insulation. At last, it can be summarised the best thickness of heat insulation materials with low cost, and it can also provide some proposed improvements for the original design through comparision.

Ecology holds that the evolution process of self-organizations commonly exists in various systems, and the formation process of energy industry competitiveness itself can be regarded as an evolution process of self-organizations. This paper will combine related theories from ecology and economics effectively. Based on the conditions needed by the evolution of self-organizations, the paper first analyzes self-organization evolution process of energy industry competitiveness and establishes evaluation index system of energy industry competitiveness. Then this paper uses fuzzy integrated evaluation method to measure it, and finds that the energy industry competitiveness in China is at a general level. This paper concludes that strengthening the catalytic capacity and evolution capacity of energy industry is an effective way to enhance the energy industry competitiveness in China.

This paper discusses mechanical digital servo press control system and operating characteristics and adaptability to the hot forming requirements of high strength steel using the toggle mechanical presses [1-4]. A servo motor drive control strategy is made to adapt the stamping process. This paper describes results acquired by applying toggle mechanical servo press developed by author to the hot forming of high strength steel [5-7].

With the current development of hot stamping technology, quality products have been striving for not only uniformity in hardness but also a minimum of springback. Considering the fact that the uniformity distribution of hardness and the randomness distribution of the springback are inevitable in hot stamping process due to many complex factors such as contact sequence, contact clearance, scale and initial stamping temperature, a new method named RCP method was proposed to improve the hardness and springback of hot stamping product in this paper. The cooling rate control before stamping is applied based on CCT curves through a rapid air cooling device which can provide cooling rate of 60°C/s. Three parameters included initial stamping temperature, contacting pressure and dwelling time have been investigated in this paper. According to the experiment results, the hardness deviation is markedly decreased and the springback can be controlled within the threshold value ±0.5mm.

The submitted paper deals with examining the influence of technology head shift speed, abrasive kind and granularity on AWJ technology head vibration generation during manufacturing process of hard-to-machine material Hardox 500 of various thickness. The aim of the paper is to point at an early diagnostics and elimination of unwanted sources of vibration being generated on a technology head due to technological and technical parametre changes and a following design of optimal technological parametres for AWJ technology cutting.

Data centers comprised of racks and corresponding servers form the backbone of today’s cloud computing. Continuous operation of large numbers of servers can generate large amounts of heat which in turn requires high capacity cooling systems. These cooling systems can consume a significant portion of the energy required to run a data center and can negatively impact data center efficiency. With increasing operational costs, the data center industry has started to actively search for efficiency improvements to slow down the rising cost of running services. One of the most prominent ways to cut power consumption is free cooling, which uses outside air for cooling IT equipment completely or part of the time. This system is often used in colder climates and requires less energy since it doesn’t use compressors for cooling incoming air. This paper presents an evaluation of Shanghai as a data center location. As temperature affects data center cooling consumption, focus of the paper is on evaluating optimal operating conditions for local data centers.

The work presented in this paper refers to numerical simulation related to deep drawing of three parts having different geometry, as follows: square shape, cylindrical shape and semispherical shape. The current paper is trying to prove out the important role of the punch speed on the welding line displacement during the forming process. The punch speed influence is testes for the fallowing values: 100, 300, 600, 800 and 1000 mm/s. The punch stroke is 25 mm, which is the safe drawing depth for all three selected shapes. The parts are made from tailor welded blanks, having the welding line positioned as axis of symmetry. It must be mentioned that both materials from the welded structure are having the same thickness (1mm). The Dynaform 5.8.1 software is used to simulate the forming process. The part obtained after each simulation is analyzed and measured to quantify the displacement of the welding line. The welding line behave differently for each tested punch speed and also for each part shape. All the parameters are maintained fixed except the punch speed. The obtained results for those three shapes were compared to realise the behaviour of the tailor welded blanks during deep drawing process. In the final part of this paper conclusions regarding the influence of the punch speed and of the part shape on the welding line movements are presented.

The field of glass deep processing has good prospect. However, the key technology of numerical-controlled glass cutter is primarily commanded by overseas large-scale companies. To meet the needs of the users and to develop the international competitiveness of the company, this paper makes the optimization design for numerical-controlled glass cutter. On the basis of analyzing the effects and the structures of main parts of the glass-cutter, the cutter machine is optimized in three aspects. The torsional vibration of transmission system is optimized by establishing the lumped mass-elasticity-damp discrete torsional vibration dynamic model with the multi-DOF. Applying the genetic algorithm and the finite element analysis software, this paper optimizes the beam weight under the condition of the approving rigidity of static and dynamic state. Finally design the basic structure of CNC glass cutter’s control system. This paper prefers the method of CNC glass cutter’s optimization and proves that the optimization suggestions are feasible and effective through tests.

The Chinese refrigeration industry is faced with dual pressure of energy saving and emission reduction. R600a as an alternative refrigerant of R134a is environment friendly, and the alternation is very good. Firstly, this paper established a two-dimensional steady numerical calculation model of the refrigerating chamber with R600a, and studied the influence of the temperature distribution of the refrigerator’s posterior wall under different schemes on temperature field and velocity field of the refrigerating chamber. When the function of temperature distribution is T=-11.75*y, will achieve the best temperature field and velocity field, and the results are better than the original machine. Secondly, this paper studied the experimental improvement of R600a under the best temperature distribution scheme comparing with R134a.

This paper presents an analysis that aims at identifying the interdependence between the wheels slip and the self-generated torque that occurs at the inter-axle level of a 4x4 automobiles driveline. We consider that this paper has a high degree of novelty since it succeeds in establishing causality relationships between different automotive typical parameters. Moreover, the paper provides the specific mathematical, theoretical equations as well as an example of a generalized mathematical model derived from time or frequency analysis.The theoretical mathematical elements consist of terms referring to the rigid wheels kinematics and specific working conditions of the vehicle when it runs with tire radii differences at the inter-axle level. To achieve the goal of our work we developed a large experimental research work that involved an extended instrumentation of an all-wheel driven military vehicle in such a manner that allowed getting information concerning different shafts torque and angular speed. The vehicle has transfer case, involving a longitudinal differential. The tests were developed with the locking device of the differential working in the engaged mode. Aiming at revealing the connection between the tire radii and the self-generated torque, we have subjected the vehicle to different tire radii running modes. The rolling radius of the wheels that were on the same axle was the same. The bigger the tire radii difference the bigger the self-generated torque; hence the interdependence started to reveal itself as far as the tire slip also followed the behavior of the self-generated torque. In order to determine the wheels slip we also measured the vehicles speed with a GPS. The results are graphically presented.Following the results of the data processing stage, we concluded that the interdependence between wheels slip and the self-generated torque exists and a relationship between these two phenomena can be mathematically expressed, using a generalized model. We consider that a kind of model like this proves its utility in simulating similar conjectures; thus, the experimental research effort can be significantly reduced either by lacking either in torque measuring or wheels slip measuring. Such a determination could have a positive impact by optimizing the vehicle exploitation or even its modernization.

The application of new polymer materials in modern agriculture is considered and discussed in a completely new view in this paper. Combined with modern agricultural characteristics: out of season and large-scale planting, the excellent characteristics of modern polymeric materials are skillfully applied to modern agriculture greenhouse rack, which solves many defects of the traditional greenhouse frame structure material. This paper takes Hainan Province as the area of greenhouse structure research and analyze the shed load in the view of structural analysis, based on which the finite element software ABAQUS for the greenhouse framework structure are analyzed by finite element analysis. The results show that the stress and deformation results can satisfy the requirements of structural strength in the normal load conditions.

With the development of computer technology, casting simulation plays an increasingly important role in foundry production. VOF (Volume of Fluid) method which tracks free surfaces is widely used in casting simulation because it is simple to solve and easy to achieve. However, in the last stage of mold filling process, the solution speed of VOF method is very slow because the space to fill becomes smaller. To solve this problem, interpolation formula is applied to the calculation of temperature field and an interpolation method to calculate the last part of temperature field in mold filling process is presented in this paper. The solution is to calculate temperature field of unfilled grids based on the temperature filed of filled grids at the last stage of filling process. Comparison between the results of interpolation method and theoretical calculation illustrates the rationality of the interpolation temperature field in this paper. Numerical simulations of actual castings indicate that the interpolation method can greatly improve the speed of getting temperature field under a certain accuracy. This paper has important implications to the calculation of numerical simulation in mold filling process.

Increasing energy efficiency of the manufacturing process is one of the solutions to resolve the ecological issues, save manufacturing cost, and reduce environmental impacts. In crank shafts manufacturing process chain, the potential of energy saving is great due to the induction heating line and heat loss from the process. This paper proposes the method to increase energy efficiency of induction heating line which spends most of the energy in a whole crankshaft manufacturing process. To reduce the heat loss from work piece, an insulating system was designed through the analysis of heat flow. The optimization of the heating parameters was done based on the simulation model with the multi criteria optimization method. In addition, this work also addresses a concept of holistic optimization approach to decrease energy consumption in the manufacturing process of crankshaft. The optimization approach in conjunction with design of experiment, analytical method, regression, and the robust optimization algorithm was applied in order to systematically optimize manufacturing processes. The optimization process aims to identify significant process parameters, determine potential solutions, and obtain optimal parameters. The energy flow of sub-process, including heating line, shearing, and forging is carried out in terms of a holistic approach, i.e. in consideration of the interrelationship between energy consumption and relevant criteria (cycle time, manufacturing costs, product quality). The optimized results show that the induction heating line can increase 14.8% in energy efficiency, of which 9% is due to the effect of insulating cover and 5.8% is due to process parameter optimization and the forging process chain can reduce approximately 10% in energy consumption. This paper contributes to improve the energy efficiency of the crank shafts manufacturing process.

This research presents the potential for improved joint integrity of friction stir welding by controlling the plasticisation temperature in the weld nugget. During a typical FSW, temperature fluctuates with position along the length of the weld. Working from a basis that for all material and tool geometries, there is an Optimal Plasticisation Temperature (OPT), this paper provides a strategy for maintaining this optimal weld temperature by adjusting selected weld input parameters ensuring consistent joint quality, irrespective of component geometry or clamp configuration. This proposed methodology can also be used to determine the OPT for different FSW tool geometries and material combinations. Advanced monitoring and control strategies are essential to ensure that FSW can be made a more robust industrial process that can keep pace with the modern demand for more consistent production and reliability of welded structures. The potential lies in the possibility for an operator to now select an OPT point for a specific approved welding program and allow the welding platform to maintain the OPT via closed-loop temperature control which adjusts tool rotation and or tool traverse speed. This paper further reports on the potential of integration of a closed-loop temperature control algorithm for FSW. The system measures the temperature inside the FSW tool using thermocouple sensors (creating the feedback signal). The controller then applies a PID algorithm which in turn drives the spindle speed (and if necessary, tool traverse speed) in order to change the energy input rate to the weld for controlling plasticisation temperature.

The mini deep drawing is a cold forming process applied in order to realize small parts having dimensions smaller than 20 mm. In the case of such process the small thickness of sheet and the small dimensions of parts are the most important factors that influence the process parameters and can affect the accuracy and quality of the produced mini - parts. A proper clearance between the working tools components is also a very important factor that can permit to obtain mini drawn parts in accordance with their theoretical profile. The present paper analyses the results of investigations made by experiment and simulation concerning the influence of tool clearances values on the accuracy of dimensions in the case of mini scale cylindrical drawn cups made from thin sheets. The deviations from the cups theoretical profile (wall inclination, variation of part diameter) that can occur during deep drawing of such sheets were especially analyzed in the paper.

Spray quality of Multi-hole nozzles decides the quality of diesels, but the control of spray is a hard work in the field of internal combustion engines. The spray quality can be changed by abrasive suspend jet which is a flexibility manufacturing method and the quality will vary with system pressure, abrasive kind, diameter of abrasive, preparation method, viscosity of working medium and grinding allowance and some other parameters. This paper tries to optimize the spray quality of nozzles by using orthogonal experimental design to select the values of these parameters. To evaluate the quality of spray, a scoring method was offered and input parameters were organized to three parameters before experiment. According to the orthogonal table of factor level (L16(45)), the line charters between the parameters and the spray quality was shown. This paper considers that the optimal combination is A2B2C2. Then the relationship between spray quality and the parameters optimized is deduced. And the significance of the forum was checked, it shows that the forum was significant at level α=0.01.

Micro-abrasive water jet technology for deburring is a new type of removing burrs technics with advantages of high productivity, high flexibility, no cutter damage and less residual damage etc, which is applied more and more extensively. This paper introduces the difference of premixed micro-abrasive water jet and post-mixed micro-abrasive water jet on jet formation, the difference of system principles and applications. This paper also provides the formula that how to quantitatively calculate the impact force of water jet. The principles and factors which influence on deburring and some application examples are also described in this paper.

Over the past few decades there has been significant advancement in the development of microelectronics. This has attracted attention of micro-scale energy harvester systems that could harvest energy from the operating environment of the microsystem. In this paper, rain energy harvesting using piezoelectric beam is tested. This paper seeks to create an experimentally validated proof of concept piezoelectric rain energy harvester using a piezoelectric beam. A rain simulator consists of six solenoid valves is designed to simulate different rain types. The effect of multiple water droplets impinging different positions on the piezoelectric beam is studied in this paper. Results show that a 4.5 ± 0.2 mm diameter water droplet falling at height of 0.82 m impinging the piezoelectric energy harvester is capable of generating a peak power of 0.16 mW.

Situation on insulation market, not only in Czech Republic, is confused for the general public. This paper tries to streamline this fact. Here are described more than 30 types of thermal insulations divided into 6 categories. Each category is detailed described by physical parameters and each is sequentially selected about 5, which are most frequently using like thermal insulation of the building's façade, without air gap. Elementary parameters, which are most important from investors view, are finances. Like a basic reference value was chosen thermal conductivity of insulation and for economical compare was chosen uniform thickness insulation on building envelope 100 mm. On the basis of these two values are insulation chosen. In this paper are results clearly graphically compiled.From graphs it is clear, that most of thermal insulation's values of thermal conductivity are very similar, bud prices of insulations can be usually substantially different. From this is evident, that some of insulation are so popular, because their producer have excellent marketing and promotion.

Forming complex asymmetric parts lead to high horizontal process forces applied to the ram of a forming machine. These forces entail horizontal ram displacement and influence the quality of the finished parts negatively. By application of horizontal counterforces to the ram, the displacement could be avoided and the process stability could be improved. This paper presents a design of an electromagnetic system, which is capable to apply such high horizontal counterforces. To obtain high counterforces and a high dynamic simultaneously, the techniques premagnetisation and overexcitation have been tested numerically. Both mentioned techniques improve dynamic of electromagnetic systems by a large extent as illustrated in the paper.

CMP Technology is still expanding its application field to realize planarization of complicated structures for More-Moore and More-than-Moore devices. The CMP equipment has been developed based on simple rotary motion but with more sophisticated systems for 300mm wafer applications. This paper deals with future prospects of the CMP equipment for micro-and nanopatterns on different types of substrate which are recently on demand to meet technological requirements. These industrial environments make equipment makers grow out of insisting rotary type motions anymore and get new opportunities. This paper describes basic design considerations according to substrate size and shape, and shows a couple of examples for not only large sized wafer, display panels and printed circuit boards, but also thin, flexible and continuous films. Finally, we hope that the design considerations for future CMP equipment make many discussions and solutions to achieve higher quality and throughput in the field.