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The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

Recycling of waste paper is one of pop topics of pulping and papermaking industry. Deinking technology is the key of recycling of waste paper. It is briefly introduced that methods of waste paper deinking and mechanism of deinking and constitute of deinking agent.

The article introduces each component of feeding paper machine of printing press which are press feet mechanism, paper separation mechanism and paper transfer mechanism, the function and the principle of work. Each mechanism is undertook a variety of designs and we choose the best design of each structure according to its functions. Design adopted is as follows: Press feet mechanism adopts the cam-linkage mechanism; Paper separation mechanism adopts the cam-linkage slider mechanism; Paper transfer mechanism adopts the conjugate cam-linkage slider mechanism. The machine is simple, practical and reliable.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

Although advantages of traditional Hough transform of such Good robustness and anti-interference have been found in the process of detection of complex paper diseases such as Streak, fold, however, quantity calculation has imposed limitation on the application of this method in dealing process demanding high instantaneity. Probabilistic Hough Transform fits in a straight line by approach of Hough transform. The approach of selecting fitting points by random drawing and combination with meter counter and output a boundary line where random drawing points locates on condition that such points satisfy limitation of threshold value which has been pre-setted is able to reduce the calculation and period of algorithm operation therefore fitts detection of complex paper diseases demanding high instantaneity.

Color management has been applied in the printing industry since 1993. Press papers as one of traditional substrates, its properties impact the quality of color reproductions. At present, almost all kinds of papers contain OBA. OBA works by absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of the illuminant, emitting fluorescence at blue wavelengths, increasing the amount of light, and making the paper brighter. This effect of OBA is difficult to measure with common spectrophotometers accurately, which creates a mismatch between color proofing and printing. Furthermore, both the printing standards, as ISO 12647-2 defined substrate without fluorescence. It results in some problems in printing conformance using paper with OBA. This research discovered influence of OBA to color samples, derived colorimetric conversion method to correct and compensate the effects of OBA in papers, and demonstrated the efficient of the colorimetric conversion method in color management workflow with soft proofing.

The precision of transferring paper is key factors to decide the print overprint accuracy, and vibration has an important impact on paper transferring accuracy. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can be used to extract the features of vibration test signal. According to the intrinsic mode function (IMF) by extracted, it is useful to analyze the dynamic characteristics of swing gripper arm on motion state. Due to the actual conditions of printing, the vibration signal of Paper-Transferring mechanism system is complex quasi periodic signals. Hilbert-Huang marginal spectrum that is based on empirical mode decomposition can solve the problem which is modals leakage by FFT calculated in frequency domain. Through the experimental research, the phase information of impact load at the moment of grippers opening or closing, which can be used for the optimization design of Paper-Transferring system and the improvement in the accuracy of swing gripper arm.

This article does three-dimensional design for feeding device of octavo and color small offset press based on the pro/E software. It analyses the role of each part separately, requirements, and the working principle. And it does the design for the main transmission mechanism. The three-dimensional design of the device provides reference and basis for production and manufacturing of the printing press.

When processing in the manufacture for production of paperboard boxes, there arises amount of waste paper as material, which is subsequently sent for recycling. The paper passes through the first crushing device, which ensures small pieces so that they can be transported by pipeline to a pressing apparatus. Paper material in the molding machine is forced into the pits of suitable size due to the additional handling and transport. So both pipe as well as the molding machine may be so congested with material during the failure that the equipment requires unexpected additional cleaning. The sensor detects the level of waste material in pressing device, thereby avoiding congestion in a timely manner and prevents subsequent failure. The sensor uses the resonant frequency of the oscillating rod. The microprocessor controls and evaluates the response of the rod oscillations. Sensor performance was exposed to qualification tests when it shows ability to operate also in extreme conditions such as dirty and dusty surrounding with high humidity and temperature level. Sensor detects the vibration attenuation at the poles of the rod that is caused by touching different materials. Thus may indicate changing concentration level of a material and not just pieces of paper but for example, also sand or other suitable materials or height of fluid surface.

The complex nonlinear problem exists between the factors which influence the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The nonlinear relationship between input variables as the factors and output variables as the strength can be obtained artificial neural network which have the feature of self-adapting, self-studying and nonlinear mapping. RBF and BP neural network models are established in MATLAB in this paper based on experimental values. Compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are predicted respectively and comparing with the measured values, predicted values are analyzed. The results show that the predicted values based on RBF tally with the experimental values, and the strength prediction ability of RBF is higher than BP neural network. The needs of engineering can be meet by this method with accurate prediction ability, a new method for the study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete strength is provided.

It is meaningful to import protection modeling and simulation into power system simulation for analyzing dynamic operation or cascaded operation of protection when there is a disturbance in power system. Based on the former researches of protection modeling method and protection simulation system, an application of the protection modeling and simulation mentioned above in transformer inrush eliminating algorithm research is explicated for proving the feasibility and validity of them in novel protection algorithm research in this short paper.

As abrupt change of the shape and elastic constant in the weld area occurs to the welding joint, there will be obvious stress concentration near the weld area when being loaded. Lifting and Lowering Method and Grouping Method prevailing in the world are applied to conduct an experiment about fatigue strength of a certain welding joint in Wuhan Iron and Steel and S-N curve is drawn in this paper based on the condition of nominal stress. In addition, the influence of weld size of the welding joint on the distribution of stress is studied through the calculation of finite element numeral value and experimental test. According to the factor of stress concentration, S-N curve is modified to provide the data support for the application of the welding joint and assessment of fatigue strength.

Given the particularity and the first time for shallow thinner seam mining in Shendong mining area, the overlying strata movement law during shallow thinner coal seam mining has been studied in this paper based on the fully mechanized thinner coal face of NO.71301 in Shi Getai coal mine, resorting to observation on spot, numerical simulation and other methods. Through research, the important laws and features had been obtained, such as, initial pressure step, periodical pressure step, the obvious partition of periodical weighting, the unitary elasticity distribution of front abutment pressure, and the stress shell morphology over the mining rock, which provides important characteristic for roof control and foundation for the powered support selection.

To improve the calculation precision of deformation in prestressed concrete bridge in passenger dedicated line and accurately predict the development of shrinkage and creep in bridge, a universal applicable modified model was put forward in this paper based on ACI 209R(1992) shrinkage and creep model. In the modified model, three influence factors-slump, strength and reinforcement - are corrected. And the modified model results were compared with the experimental results. It shows that the modified model can more accurately predict the development of shrinkage and creep of high-speed railway bridge and better accord with the law of it.

Stripping leaves system is the core system of small whole stalk sugarcane harvester, and the leaf -peeling element is a key part of the stripping leaves system. At present a lot of problems such as large amount of use and short service life exists in the leaf –peeling brush of the sugarcane harvester in China. As a result of waste tire’s wide range of source, lower price, the experiment shows that waste tire rubber processed could be used as leaf –peeling brush, which has a good effect on stripping leaves and top broken.

In this paper, an innovative approach for contact zone analysis of skive hobbing is presented. This process is characterised by varying tool engagements and very small chip thicknesses. The paper describes the process-modelling and the analysis of the workpiece-tool contact. For efficient modelling, a novel dexel-based method for the description of a gear segment with discretized stock allowance is presented. Characteristic for the method is an analytical description of the target workpiece contour which allows to describe points of the surface by Cartesian coordinates on the winding off. On this workpiece contour, dexel are modelled in surface-orthogonal direction. The initial lengths of these dexel describe the stock allowance. By cutting these dexel with a tool, a time-and position-dependent prediction of material removal values, like width of undeformed chip, undeformed chip thickness or cutting directions can be obtained. Selected results are presented and interpreted.

Nuclear experimental instrumentation frequently includes the usage of thin-walled (metallic sheathed) thermocouples passing through the boundaries of pressure vessels. This is accomplished by sealing the thermocouples by brazing through special design fittings (passages) which are later sealed / welded to the body of the vessel.Two are the challenges to face : (a) the manufacture of the instrumented passage (b) its mandatory qualification, according to relevant standards. Even the brazing qualification standards are more flexible than for welding, the peculiar situation of nuclear instrumentation still needs special consideration and it is not properly covered by the regular standards.The paper describes the experience of the authors in manufacture of the instrumented passages with steel or Inconel sheathed thermocouples, along with some other known projects, in conjunction with applicability of relevant standards: ASME code, AWS standards, national standards. Since it is about pressure vessels, ASME prescriptions are mandatory in Romania; other standards may serve as valuable sources for the “engineering judgment” allowed and recommended by ASME code.The main problem in such specialty brazing qualification is that for some combinations of base metals and filler (imposed by application), one cannot avoid the significant fragilization due to a tremendous increase of hardness in the brazing area. Base material erosion is added and the effect is catastrophic : sectioning the thermocouples at the slightest movement. For example, brazing Inconel thin-walled tubes with BNi-7 is very hard to control – experimental data and images are included in the paper to illustrate this.Therefore, special means must be applied both in fabrication and in qualification, in order to ensure the product is functional and safe, even being fragile. This approach can be found in French design of irradiation devices, being also considered in the French code for design and construction of experimental reactors and irradiation devices. Being known that French experience in this field is vast, their approach makes us confident that our brazing technique is not wrong but the problem is to be solved through ‘smart’ design and specific procedures. Consequently a tentative set of domestic rules for work and qualification is proposed for discussion and further improvement.

This paper represents a two degree of freedom (DoF) robot arm as a plotter system. A pencil tool is used as the end effector of the robotic arm and experimented in drawing alphabets, for example ‘IIUM’. The control mechanism of the prototype is designed using Arduino controller. A user interface is also designed to send necessary commands to the hardware application board using serial communication cable. Through the experimentation, the movement of each joint of the robotic arm is presented in this paper. The result proves the feasibility of the system which could be improved in future research in drawing complex images.

As organic transistors are preparing to make improvements towards flexible and low cost electronics applications, the analytical models and simulation methods were demanded to predict the optimized performance and circuit design. In this paper, we investigated the analytical model of an organic transistor device and simulate the output and transfer characteristics of the device using MATLAB tools for different channel length (L) of the organic transistor. In the simulation, the Pool-Frenkel mobility model was used to represent the conductive channel of organic transistor. The different channel length has been simulated with the value of 50 μm, 10 μm and 5 μm. This research paper analyses the performance of organic thin film transistor (TFT) for top contact bottom gate device. From the simulation, drain current of organic transistor was increased as the channel length decreased. Other extraction value such sub-threshold and current on/off ratio is 0.41 V and 21.1 respectively. Thus, the simulation provides significant extraction of information about the behaviour of the organic thin film transistor.

For the present situation of spotty mask fabrics in current market, the paper used natural fiber silk as raw materials for the study of anti-fog and haze mask fabrics. The paper design five different programs and any one sample in every program has different weft density or warp and weft yarn fabric specifications. Make total of 15 kinds of trial samples and do a series of testing of fabric performance. Through testing the pore size value, the filtration efficiency, resistance value and other indicators and analyzing the results, do research on filtering properties of the fabrics. The conclusions have certain guiding significance in product development.

Changing "high consumption energy, low temperature heat to the indoor, waste heat to the environment", and turning the HVAC harmoniously into the natural ecological cycle, conform to the trend of the development of ecological architecture. Heat pump technology is a way of HVAC energy saving the most practical. Although low heat and cold source of the city sewage is ideal, but the quality is very unstable, can not meet the operation requirements of heat exchange equipment. This paper analyzes the key problems of the sewage side in sewage source heat pump technology application in the present: hair dirt clog sewage heat exchanger; fouling in heat surface reduces the heat transfer performance, and results in large heat-transfer equipment in the practical application. According to the key problems of sewage side, this paper prevents hair clogged with large tube heat exchanger; reduces the fouling thermal resistance, and enhances heat transfer process using the heat exchanging technology of circulating fluidized bed.

The intelligrid-oriented on-line relay settings verification system based on EMS real-time data are discussed, with related software system designed and fulfilled. Firstly, the research background and current situation of on-line relay settings verification system are summarized. Secondly, the on-line relay settings verification system's general principle, hardware and software design are mainly discussed. And this paper shows the designed hardware structure diagram, the software structure diagram. And the flowchart of main procedure is given. Thirdly, the methods of dealing with EMS real-time data of the on-line verification system are discussed in detail. The verifying principles of sensitivity & selectivity of relay protection are given definitely. It is able to simulate two simultaneous faults, faults in network oscillation, and faults during auto-reclosing. It checks reliability & sensitivity of relay settings under these circumstances. Finally, considering substation-area and wide-area relay protections, this paper points out some key problems of on-line relay settings verification system to be resolved, and its application prospect.

This paper presents a method based improved particle swarm optimization optimizing PI control parameters. When the load changes, parallel active power filter, in the traditional PI control strategies, can not well control DC voltage fluctuations leading the deterioration of its dynamic performance. This paper proposes the improved particle swarm algorithm by increasing symbolic function of inertia weight parameter in particle swarm algorithm, and changing position of the random number in the speed update equation. The improved particle swarm algorithm can avoid "premature" or fall into local optimal solution, so it could get a more accurate solution set. Using improved particle swarm algorithm to solve PI controller optimization objective function, to get a more accurate PI control parameters. Simulation and experimental results show that mutations in the case load, the overshooting of an capacitor DC voltage compare with the traditional PI control reduces 5.5%, compared with Particle Swarm Optimization reduces 1.5%. Based on the simulation analyses and experimental results, it has been proved that this method can realize a comprehensive optimization.

The control system of ventilation to engine room which based on Profibus-DP field bus and Siemens S7-300PLC is introduced in this paper. This paper also describes how to construct the control system by applying the Profibus-DP and S7-300 and the development of the supervision and control system using Wincc. The hardware and software design and system program are also presented in this paper. It has some application value.

When the large oil-immersed transformer start with heavy load in cold regions, due to the high viscosity of the oil at low temperatures, the flow of the oil is extremely slow in the early start of heavy load, resulting in a negative heat radiation. At the same time, the winding and the core are rapidly increasing heat in the early start of heavy load. Rapid increase in heat and the lack of heat dissipation caused a series of problems. In this paper, we study the process of heating and cooling when the large oil-immersed transformer start with heavy load in cold region and takes a transformer of 31.5MVA as example to build a three-dimensional model ,the model is based on the actual size of the transformer. We use the finite volume method to calculate three-dimensional temperature field distribution changing with time when the oil-immersed transformer startup with heavy load in - 35 °C,-30 °C and-25 °C three cases. The results show that the viscosity coefficient of transformer oil is very high at low temperatures. In the early start of the transformer, because of the poor fluidity of the oil, the heat cannot be dissipated in time and the transformer local overheating near the winding. Then we analyzes the damage of local overheating for a short period of time in the transformer, especially the damage of the oiled paper's insulation At last ,we analysis of the causes of transformer internal local overheating and give some measures to avoid local overheating when oil-immersed transformer start with heavy load in cold regions.KEYWORDS: oil-immersed transformer, cold regions, start with heavy load, FVM, three-dimensional temperature distribution

Elbow as common components in the gas pipeline fails easily to natural gas carrying solid particle erosion in the process of practical work. From the viewpoint of hydromechanics, the paper analyses the flow field distribution of manifold pressure and gas-solid trajectory by using the Gambit model and Fluent software in view of the right-angle elbow and numerical simulation of the adjacent manifold. The result obtains the situation about the manifold inner wall by the solid particle erosion wear. The simulation results show more intuitively the elbow, the most prone to erosion part in the manifold adjacent area and shape in erosion. Meanwhile, the paper analyses the factors affecting the occurrence and development of erosion.

The paper detailed expounds the intelligent attendance system, the design method,the purpose of the software process and can achieve results. The intelligentattendance system adopts the light emitting diode and photodiode photoelectricsensor circuit, complete student number recognition, by AT89S52 single chipmicrocomputer as the core, memory chip and display circuit constitute the mainpart of the system. The paper presents a smart attendance system hardwarecircuit design and software design flow chart.

The development of China's nuclear power industry is very rapid in recent years, nuclear generator also gets great development. With the increase of generator unit capacity, The service life and reliability of the generator is improved too. Among them, transient thermal generator operation ability is one of the key factors that affects the service life and reliability of generator. This paper mainly carries on to the generator produces in asymmetric operation process of negative sequence current and transient negative sequence component analysis theory, and with a turbo generator as an example, the voltage and current in different running states of the generator and the air gap flux density were compared and analyzed with finite element method. The conclusion of this paper has reference significance to deeply research the future of generator negative sequence component.

Steel silos are commonly constructed by welding together a large number of curved steel panels with lap joints.Where the lap runs horizontally around the silo circumference, the lap connection causes a local eccentricity in the line of vertical thrust in the shell wall. This eccentricity induces high local bending stresses, which are detrimental to the stability of the structure. This paper chooses a flat-bottom squat steel silo as the research object to analyze the stability of lap-jointed steel silo by comparing with a butt-jointed steel silo. By stressing loads calculated according to Chinese code for design of grain steel silos, considering two load cases including axial compression only and combined axial compression and internal pressure, this paper performs numerical analysises including linear buckling analysis, geometric nonlinear elastic analysis and geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis to study the effects of material nonlinearity and lap joint on stability.

Failure analysis (FA) is a critical element in the development of engineering processes and products. FA of components is the process of identifying failure mode/mechanism and finding out the causes of failure that relies on using of different testing techniques and analysis methods. It provides information necessary for technology advancement and for corrective action to improve quality and reliability. IC’s for military and space applications have extremely stringent reliability requirements. In this paper, the role of FA was discussed. And common and new techniques and tools were reviewed. Then the failure analysis of NPN transistors G3GGA was completed. Conclusions and recommendations for the analysis of failure sample and additional sample within the same batch are drawn from the discussions. This paper might serve as a reference to laboratories when encountering such problems.

Both the cost-effective operation of power systems and reliable operation are inextricably linked with the transformer life assessment. This paper analyzes the composition of the transformer life, life assessment factors and existing assessment methods. Based on factors of the current life assessment and problems of assessment methods, the paper analyzed the importance significance of uncertainty in the transformer life assessment and proposed the transformer remaining life assessment model, and methods based the random fuzzy theory. Assessment results can provide the basis for the transformer maintenance and help safe and economic operation of power systems.

In the paper, according to crushing and attrition of material on mixer blade, the mechanical model of material on blade is established. According to nonlinear vibration and the basic theory of rotor dynamics, Mechanical model of vibration system and differential equations of motion are established. This paper has adopted the arithmetic of fourth-order Runge-Kutta, analyzing wave forms graph, chart of axis track, phase plane plot of system movement. Analysis results show that mixer system appears chaotic motion under some certain design parameters. This state of motion on mixers can better destroy cement coagulation group, increasing the number of effective collision of concrete particle, which can effectively improve the microscopic homogeneity of concrete and improve efficiency of concrete mixing.

This paper aims to examine energy saving techniques in the operating systems of smartphones and to discuss the environmental threat created by the ever-growing problem of their disposal. A study of battery technology focuses upon the following varieties: Nickel Metal Hybrid, Lithium Ion and Lithium Polymer. Both environmental and user benefits of longer battery life are promoted. There follows a study of global responses to the e-waste crisis, highlighting different practices and legislation in the various countries and regions. The results of a questionnaire into the public’s disposal habits are analysed and conclusions drawn. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving the current state of smartphone disposal, focusing upon the responsibility of governments, manufacturers and individuals. Also emphasized is the need for continued scientific and technological research into solutions along with ongoing educational and public awareness campaigns.

Task of controlled ventilation in modern residential buildings is to ensure optimum quality of interior environment and fulfill hygienic and thermal technical requirements guaranteeing comfort of user. The paper discusses development and experimental verification of atypical vertical ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for residential high-rise building. Recommended concept of solution to façade detail in relation to ventilation system. Optimized alternative of air inlet openings in the bottom level of vertical pilaster with function of air distribution channel for under pressure controlled ventilation system. The paper discusses laboratory experimental verification of physical properties of optimized alternative of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation system for high-rise residential building in their development cycle. Boundary conditions of physical designing of envelope structures for load of wind-driven rain and their modifications for high-rise building in the locality of Bratislava. Hydrodynamic regime of air inlet openings of controlled ventilation system – maintaining water impermeability of air inlet openings of the ventilation system under the effect of wind-driven rain – laboratory experimental research in large rain chamber, its results and necessary construction modifications of elements of ventilation units. Aerodynamic regime of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of volume of air flow rate through ventilation units in dependence to air pressure difference - laboratory experimental research in large pressure chamber. Acoustic properties of natural controlled ventilation system – quantification of index of air impermeability of controlled ventilation system in open and closed position - laboratory experimental research in acoustic chambers. Comparison by the experiment of verified parameters of ventilation units of under pressure controlled ventilation with design parameters.

Combined with the 110KV line breaking protection action, this paper pointed out the main problems is that the switch of 110KV side is not disconnected. It leaded to protection action of T type transformer in 110KV line. Because of the problem in switch operating of 110KV line, the three phases are not disconnecting all. It caused insulation damage of the 110KV main transformer that the 110KV line is non-phase, and then it caused tripping main transformer protection. This paper proposes improvement measures and precautions for such situations.

The work presented in this paper refers to numerical simulation related to deep drawing of three parts having different geometry, as follows: square shape, cylindrical shape and semispherical shape. The current paper is trying to prove out the important role of the punch speed on the welding line displacement during the forming process. The punch speed influence is testes for the fallowing values: 100, 300, 600, 800 and 1000 mm/s. The punch stroke is 25 mm, which is the safe drawing depth for all three selected shapes. The parts are made from tailor welded blanks, having the welding line positioned as axis of symmetry. It must be mentioned that both materials from the welded structure are having the same thickness (1mm). The Dynaform 5.8.1 software is used to simulate the forming process. The part obtained after each simulation is analyzed and measured to quantify the displacement of the welding line. The welding line behave differently for each tested punch speed and also for each part shape. All the parameters are maintained fixed except the punch speed. The obtained results for those three shapes were compared to realise the behaviour of the tailor welded blanks during deep drawing process. In the final part of this paper conclusions regarding the influence of the punch speed and of the part shape on the welding line movements are presented.

The paper presents the conception of integration of a robot virtual model with its virtual control system. The system of connections between the virtual world and the control system of a virtual model, proposed in the work, should let for developing the technical approach allowing teaching the manual programming of robots. In the paper attempted to define particular subsystems included in the proposed system for teaching programming of robots. In the work it have been distinguished problems that should be solved in order to properly create the proposed virtual system, and namely problems related to the: creation of a robotic system model in CAD systems, including modelling of a robot and its technological equipment; modelling of functioning of a real system in the applications of the VR (Virtual Reality) class; creation of a robot control system basing on a high level programming language (control application); elaboration of a virtual robot control panel (hardware interface); determination of the appropriate stereoscopic projection system and creation of the interfaces between the particular subsystems.

This paper presents an analysis that aims at identifying the interdependence between the wheels slip and the self-generated torque that occurs at the inter-axle level of a 4x4 automobiles driveline. We consider that this paper has a high degree of novelty since it succeeds in establishing causality relationships between different automotive typical parameters. Moreover, the paper provides the specific mathematical, theoretical equations as well as an example of a generalized mathematical model derived from time or frequency analysis.The theoretical mathematical elements consist of terms referring to the rigid wheels kinematics and specific working conditions of the vehicle when it runs with tire radii differences at the inter-axle level. To achieve the goal of our work we developed a large experimental research work that involved an extended instrumentation of an all-wheel driven military vehicle in such a manner that allowed getting information concerning different shafts torque and angular speed. The vehicle has transfer case, involving a longitudinal differential. The tests were developed with the locking device of the differential working in the engaged mode. Aiming at revealing the connection between the tire radii and the self-generated torque, we have subjected the vehicle to different tire radii running modes. The rolling radius of the wheels that were on the same axle was the same. The bigger the tire radii difference the bigger the self-generated torque; hence the interdependence started to reveal itself as far as the tire slip also followed the behavior of the self-generated torque. In order to determine the wheels slip we also measured the vehicles speed with a GPS. The results are graphically presented.Following the results of the data processing stage, we concluded that the interdependence between wheels slip and the self-generated torque exists and a relationship between these two phenomena can be mathematically expressed, using a generalized model. We consider that a kind of model like this proves its utility in simulating similar conjectures; thus, the experimental research effort can be significantly reduced either by lacking either in torque measuring or wheels slip measuring. Such a determination could have a positive impact by optimizing the vehicle exploitation or even its modernization.

Condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnosis of equipments has gained greater attention in recent years, due to the need to reduce the down time and enhance the life/ condition of the equipments. The rolling element bearings (REB) are the most critical components in rotary machines. Hence, bearing fault detection and diagnosis is an integral part of the preventive maintenance activity. Vibration signal analysis provides wide range of information for analysis. So in this paper, vibration signals for four conditions of a deep groove ball bearing namely Normal (N), bearing with defect on inner race (IR), bearing with defect on ball (B), and bearing with defect on outer race (OR) have been acquired from a customized bearing test rig under maximum speed and variable load conditions. Depending on the machinery operating conditions and the extent of bearing defect severity, the measured vibration signals are non-stationary in nature. Non-stationary signals are effectively analyzed by wavelet transform technique, which is a popular and widely used time-frequency technique. The focus of this paper is to select a best possible mother wavelet for applying WT on bearing vibration signals. The two selection criteria includes minimum Shannon entropycriteria(MSEC) and Maximum Energy to Shannon Entropy Ratio criteriaR(s). This helps in effective bearing CM using WT.

The subject of the paper is to calculate the energy performance of building in proposed variants. The differences in the variants are in the using of conventional and renewable sources for heating and domestic hot water system. Target of the second part of paper is to know, how much money we need to invest into the proposed variants for heating and domestic hot water systems and how much money will by the user paying for operating costs. The conclusion of the paper describes the payback periods of proposed variants.

To predict the concentration of dissolved gas in transformer oil, and then realize the transformer latent fault prediction, can effectively prevent unnecessary loss caused by the transformer faults .In order to improve the transformer fault prediction ability,this paper proposes a new transformer fault prediction model--Regular Extreme Learning Machine (RELM) prediction model。RELM algorithm introduce structure risk minimization principle on the basis of traditional ELM, using the balance factor to weigh the empirical risk and the risk of structure size, further enhance the generalization performance of ELM. Verified by examples, the proposed prediction model based on the RELM in this paper achieve better generalization performance and prediction accuracy in the forecast of gases concentration dissolved in transformer oil.

Taking three-level four-leg active power filter (APF) as research object, this paper establishes the corresponding mathematical model. In addition, the paper establishes the Matlab model based on predictive current control strategy, and then the theoretical analysis and simulation research are conducted. The simulation and experimental results show that the APF with predictive current control strategy can compensate harmonic current and neutral current well and make the two capacitors voltage balance effectively.

MEMS inertial sensors using underground azimuth measurement, with small size, high accuracy, low cost and good stability, the control and drive system is very important. This paper presents the autonomous underground azimuth measurement drive system based on MEMS gyroscope. Using MEMS gyroscope as a measuring element, driven by a brushless DC motor, using a combination of photoelectric encoder, according to the underground azimuth measurement principle, this paper proposed a autonomous measurement method, discussing the design principles of the program, the components of the system, and the communication problems between the gyroscope and other part. Overcoming the high cost of traditional logging tool and the complex control problem, experimental results verify that the system is able to achieve underground azimuth measurement purposes. Error in 1.5°or less, with outstanding engineering applications.

Based on laser sintering constituency as the research object, this paper aimed at the perspective of artificial intelligence technology. It uses the new control theory and research method of BP neural network algorithm and tries to provide reference for optimizing the sintering process of laser district. This paper argues that the application of artificial intelligence technology to laser sintering constituency. Through the simulation, it can make up for the inadequacy of the traditional control method. Under certain conditions, the goal of process optimization will be achieved by finding the optimal parameters.

This research presents the potential for improved joint integrity of friction stir welding by controlling the plasticisation temperature in the weld nugget. During a typical FSW, temperature fluctuates with position along the length of the weld. Working from a basis that for all material and tool geometries, there is an Optimal Plasticisation Temperature (OPT), this paper provides a strategy for maintaining this optimal weld temperature by adjusting selected weld input parameters ensuring consistent joint quality, irrespective of component geometry or clamp configuration. This proposed methodology can also be used to determine the OPT for different FSW tool geometries and material combinations. Advanced monitoring and control strategies are essential to ensure that FSW can be made a more robust industrial process that can keep pace with the modern demand for more consistent production and reliability of welded structures. The potential lies in the possibility for an operator to now select an OPT point for a specific approved welding program and allow the welding platform to maintain the OPT via closed-loop temperature control which adjusts tool rotation and or tool traverse speed. This paper further reports on the potential of integration of a closed-loop temperature control algorithm for FSW. The system measures the temperature inside the FSW tool using thermocouple sensors (creating the feedback signal). The controller then applies a PID algorithm which in turn drives the spindle speed (and if necessary, tool traverse speed) in order to change the energy input rate to the weld for controlling plasticisation temperature.

This contribution presents the method of simultaneous control and creation of programming sequences for industrial robot with the use of interactivity achieved in the environment of augmented reality. Paper describes the experimental testing of proposed conception realized at the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies in Presov of Technical University of Kosice (Slovakia) in the environment of experimental robotic workcell with the use of augmented reality tools. From the viewpoint of displaying units it consider the projection on half-silvered glass as well as using the head mounted display for virtual reality. Final part of the paper summarizes possible trends of further development in described area and also the possibilities of industrial applications.

The paper presents a case study on the original solution of a flange shaft as part of the root area of a 5 kW wind turbine blade. There were analyzed the causes that led to the shaft breakage under wind loadings in extreme weather conditions, and consequently technical solutions have been searched in order to improve the shaft design making it more reliable as mechanical strength at extreme wind loadings. The flange shaft is a welded subassembly that keeps the blades attached to the rotor hub. The first part of the paper consists in an analysis referring the loading status, the materials used for blade manufacturing, the identification of critical areas where the breaking was initiated and also the causes for which the materials assumed and specified in the technical design and manufacturing technology failed under loading at wind gusts of about 30 m/sec. Based on this preliminary analysis, the second part of the paper presents the technical solutions which were considered in reference to the materials and the improved design concept aiming to provide the right mechanical strength necessary to withstand specific wind loadings in extreme weather conditions.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely in production and everyday life, and its control system has been a difficult point needing more researches. Therefore, it is important to investigate the control system of PMSM. In order to ensure the dynamic and static performance of PMSM, this paper presents a new vector control method based on the rotor field oriented control (RFOC) technology. The paper introduces the fundamental principal of RFOC, and designs three loop servo control simulation system and analyses the result of the simulation. The results shows that the RFOC system has high dynamic and static performance by adopting the three loop control. And the analysis can also provide a reference for similar servo control system design personnel.

The equipment capacity factor of the main transformer is limited by the traditional service restoration strategy for power supply side failure, which only uses the automatic switching devices. Under the condition of the tie rate increasing gradually in the intelligent distribution network, a wide range load transfer optimization strategy with the cooperation of the standby busbar power supply and external tie power supplies is proposed in this paper. It will be great of significance to improve the reliability of distribution network and the equipment capacity factor of the main transformer. However, it probably occurs that the same power supply need restore service for two or more feeders because too many feeders lose power when power supply side failure, which leads to the difficulty in generating service restoration scheme. Therefore, a decoupling strategy for this kind of power supply is proposed, decoupling the shared power supply into multiple equivalent power supplies. Eventually, the wide range load transfer problem is transformed into the problem of service restoration for multiple feeders independently. The researches in this paper will lay the foundation for the application of the wide range of load transfer optimization strategy for power supply side failure in the intelligent distribution network.

The changing of injector nozzle structure will influence the combustion and emission properties in diesel engine. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of multiphase flow of mini-sac nozzles of high pressure common rail were calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics ( CFD ) method in this paper. The results shown that this method can be more accurately obtained a lot of useful information on the flow field inside the nozzle in a relatively short period of time, and it is convenient for analysis and research the influence of geometry parameters on the flow characteristics inside the nozzle. The paper also studied the influence of nozzle inlet pressure, the angle between the axis of the hole and the axis of the injector and nozzle entrance radius to the flow characteristics inside the nozzle. It also studied the distribution of internal pressure, velocity of flow, gas-phase volume fraction and turbulent kinetic energy. These studies provided a favorable basis for the design and improvement of the nozzle structure and optimize combustion system matches.