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Chinese paper companies wastewater emissions, has become an important source of pollution. This article describes the sources of the paper industry wastewater, the main pollutant, the status and shortcomings of conventional treatment technology research. The study progress and applications of photocatalytic oxidation reaction in the treatment of wastewater from pulp and papermaking process were reviewed. The potential advantages and the development trend of photocatlytic oxidation reaction in the fields of effluent treatment were discussed.

Dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) is wood-decaying fungus. It grows frequently in our territory and it causes big damages on structures. Remediation of damaged structures is very difficult, sometimes impossible, therefore it is necessary to study preventive protection against dry rot fungus. PVA nanofibred fabrics with synthetic and natural biocidal additives were used for this experiment. Filter papers soaked in dopes with biocidal substances were other materials used for this experiment. Pieces of nanofiber fabrics and pieces of filter papers soaked in dopes were placed to Petri dishes with broth. Small cuts of dry rot fungus were placed around them. This experiment was performed in conditions, which promote the growth of dry rot fungus. Growth of dry rot fungus was studied.

This paper describes the method of treating wheat straw pulp black liquor with microwave radiation. The granular activated carbon and CuO are used as a catalyst.Effects of effective factors such as the total amount, ratio, microwave power, time on treating process are studied. The reaction mechanism is also researched. The results indicate that the oxidative decomposition process of lignin or organic pollutants is combined action of activated carbon and CuO absorption-degradation with microwave induced oxidization. This approach is easy to operate, quickly to treat, completely to react and no new pollutants. So it is used to treat black liquor of containing organic pollutes which is hardly degraded.

In order to optimize the regeneration conditions of cation exchange resin, the paper based on the actual data of production, the cation exchange resin regeneration condition was optimized by the process of mathematical modeling, which achieved good results. Research showed that reducing regeneration acid feeding time could effectively reduce the consumption. It could reduce the production cost and make enterprises obtain more economic benefits. Calculated and measured were agreed showed that the study and calculation on regeneration of cation bed were accord with actual production, and had practical value for ion regeneration process. Through least square fitting showed that the 80min was the best acid feeding time, acid consumption of unit volume of water was the lowest.

This paper aims to study the effect of using Oxidized White Liquor (OWL) on pulp brightness in peroxide bleaching. The proper setting of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the bleaching temperature, and the bleaching time was also studied. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was proposed to generate necessary experimental runs. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship equation. Optimization helped determine that to obtain the targeted brightness of 83%, the ratio between the volume of OWL and sodium hydroxide should be 50:50. This ratio should be used with a concentration of hydrogen peroxide at 6.9 g/kg, a bleaching temperature of 90 oC and a bleaching time of 75 minutes.

As the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuels, biomass has developed various technologies of energy utilization. In order to adjust the syngas composition, increase the ratio of H2/CO and reduce CO2 content, this paper conducted biomass gasification experiment in an entrained flow bed on CaO sorption. The paper studied influence factors like the gasification temperature, ratio of CaO/B and gasification parameters, such as ratio of H2/CO, cold gas efficiency, cold gas yield or tar content in syngas. The result showed that raising gasification temperature or increasing added content of CaO which were beneficial to the improvement of H2 content. A maximum H2 output with a concentration of 62.7% and H2/CO ratio of 3.19 was achieved at CaO/C=1, H2O/B=0.3 and T=1100°C, meanwhile the cold gas efficiency was 86.07%, the cold gas yield reached 1.2Nm3/kg biomass, and the tar content was dropped to 314.6mg/Nm3.

Nowadays, over 95 % of fly ash is used as construction products in the Czech Republic. However, around 80 % of fly ash is used for renovation of open-pit quarries and areas affected by human activity. Production of artificial aggregate is the way to use over 90 % of energy by-products in the building material industry. It is necessary to find appropriate combination of parameters of input materials and conditions of production to get optimal properties of aggregate. The paper gives an account of the influence of parameters of fly ash and conditions of firing on the quality of ceramic body made from fly ash. Temperatures of 1050 °C, 1150 °C and 1200 °C were examined. The research focused on the structure of the ceramic body as well as its physico-mechanical parameters.

Both qualitative and quantitative effect of TiO2 suspension presence in cigarette filter have been analyzed in order to reduce harmful substances in cigarette smoke, optimizing the capability of TiO2 suspension as nano filter in cigarette filters and reviewing the analysis in order to obtain results with the best variation. Samples in the form of filter paper that has passed of the smoke with some variation treatment as it become ready to be tested and analyzed. Parameter such as concentration and volume variation of TiO2 suspension, and also the inputting method of TiO2 suspension into cigarette filter. Samples were characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer and samples data absorbance obtained in each catchment area. The results showed that by reducing absorbance value percentage of each catchment area, with inputting method of TiO2 suspension through the cigarette filter tip and base, it appears that the most stable and lowest reduction present in C3 and H3, which is sample with 1.85 mol/liter concentration and 0.3 ml suspension volume. Both sample reduced particulate matters significantly after confirmed with X-Ray Fluorescence and SEM-EDS results, and was compared to sample filter without TiO2. Inputting method of TiO2 suspension through a base of cigarette butt is better and safer than through end of cigarette filter.

The manufacturing of furniture using rattan is becoming common nowadays, and creates high amount of waste that can be value-added into binderless particleboards (BPB). In order to determine the suitability of the rattan waste for production of BPB, characterization of rattan waste is executed and reported in this paper. The physical properties such as density and moisture content of the rattan waste, together with its morphological study and thermal analysis as well as lignin content are evaluated. It is observed that density and moisture content for rattan waste are in the range of 0.64g/cm3, and 11.3% respectively. On the other hand, the morphology of rattan stem showed that rattan waste has various diameters of vascular bundles along with wide metaxylem vessels as well as thin-walled fibres. Thermal analysis of rattan waste explicated that rattan waste went through endothermic process with peak melting point of 177.80 °C during heating. The greatest weight loss occurred at 257.03 °C. Rattan waste has high lignin content of 21.2% that obtained through Klason lignin test. These promising preliminary results show that the rattan waste is appropriate to be used as raw materials in producing BPB.

Graphene is a remarkable material with high electron mobility, good mechanical strength and almost transparent. In this paper, we review the available methods which are chemical vapour deposition, Hummers and electrochemical exfoliation method for the production of graphene. Among the extensive studies in the application of graphene, supercapacitor has gained much attention nowadays. Therefore, we also briefly review the application of graphene as electrodes for the supercapacitor devices.

The paper based on a comparative study between poplar wood and modified poplar wood, concerning dimensional stability, physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that air-dry density and ASE value of modified wood samples were increasing in different levels with change of the modifier concentration, compared with untreated poplar wood. The air-dry density of modified wood reached 0.41 g/cm3 with increase of 5.3% compared to poplar wood. ASE reached 47.8% and the water-absorption ratio decreased by 38% at most when the modifier concentration was 30 wt.%. Moreover, the MOE and MOR of modified poplar wood increased up to 27.4% and 13% respectively when the modifier concentration was 25 wt.%. The SEM spectrum showed some wood rays and the gaps between staggered fibers were filled by modifier.

This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Cellulase enzyme was obtained fromAspergillusnigergrown on filter paper and the hydrolysis process was carried out in solid state. The kinetic reviewed here was the relationship between glucose production and cellulose mass reduction to optimize the parameters of Monod equation at various moisture levels.

The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are susceptible to microbial degradation, highly efficient, non-toxic, no secondary pollution, etc, and are considered to be the most promising biological polymers. At present, EPS have been considered by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewater and sludge treatment process. They are insoluble organic matter adhesive to the cell surface, and they mainly derive from microbial metabolism and cell autolysis, which are mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA. Based on illustrating content, function and structure composition of EPS, the paper reviews the action mechanism of EPS on flocculation and settlement of activated sludge and those flocculation, settlement and dewatering properties in the sewage treatment system. In addition, it summarizes the development trend and application prospect of EPS, which would provide valuable references for further research and application of EPS.

Based on the requirements of sustainable development and innovative design concept, Al films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering solves the paper based Al film forming technology of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard material so as to obtain new environmental protection. To explore the combination design, aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture design idea and concept of aluminum plated corrugated cardboard and other materials of the modular design, promotes the application and practical popularization value. The production of functional strong, stylish new aluminum plated corrugated cardboard furniture, can meet the needs of a growing social material production and life.

This paper based on the characteristic of large scale、more Individual project、Operation difficulty in water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,make a improvement of the original LEC method in order to get the purpose of reduce the risk coefficient. The results show that:the results of the improved LEC method in this paper is more simple and more accurate than the original improved LEC method. Accurate estimation of hazard levels not only can be appropriate to reduce the budget of production units in the construction safety,but also means that the increase of enterprise benefit and social benefit.

Ground Penetrating Radar is a method using high frequency impulse electromagnetic wave to detect underground media distribution. It has been gradually widely used as it has the advantage of high accuracy, fast and nondestructive respecting to the conventional method such as visual measurement and confirmation with drilling hole. In the tunnel construction process, it is easy occurred that the quality problem of insufficient lining thickness, the distance of steel arch centering too large and the concrete disengaging. The work achieved in this paper based on the project of LongSheng tunnel and its conclusion and suggestion has important practical engineering significance.

This document demonstrates how to affect the brightness of liquid package recycled pulp by hydrogen peroxide bleaching and FAS beaching. The optimum H2O2 bleaching process conditions: 8% H2O2, 4% NaOH, bleaching temperature 80 °C, bleaching time 1.5h. The best FAS bleaching conditions was FAS dosage of 0.5%, NaOH dosage of 0.25%, bleaching temperature at 80 °C, time for 30min. And bleaching had no adverse effect on the performance of bleached pulp fiber.

Using novel dual cathode/electro/Fe2+/S2O82-system to treat pickle sauerkraut wastewater, the paper investigates the influencing factors (S2O82-dosage, Fe2 +dosage, current density, Wastewater pH, electrode plate distance) of the organic matters removal and the treatment effect. Test results show that the degree of various factors influence on COD removal of sauerkraut wastewater is different. The COD removal is little effected by pH, while largely effected by current density, dosage of Fe2 +and S2O82-dosage. Under the optimum experiment conditions, current density for 30mA/cm-2, dosage of Fe2 +for 8mmol/L, S2O82-dosage for 12 mmol/L, electrode plate distance for 2 cm and pH=6, sixty minutes electrolysis, wastewater removal rate reach up to 92.6%. These results suggest that this electrochemical oxidation process by dual cathode/electro-Fe2+-S2O82-system might provide an alternative for the degradation of pickle sauerkraut wastewater.

Sludge Concentration (MLSS) is one of major parameters for operation of Anoxic/Aerobic-Membrane Bioreactors（A/O-MBR）and it influences the removal efficiency of pollutants and the rate of membrane fouling as well. This paper focuses on the effects of different MLSS on the treatment of domestic wastewater, the quantity and composition of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and the variation of the rate of membrane fouling. It also includes a preliminary analysis of the correlation between EPS and membrane fouling to provide reference for future studies of the mechanism of membrane fouling.

This paper based on the concept of socio-cultural potential of the region considers the theoretical and practical aspects of sustainable development of the modern region.

In this research, the laccase mediator system (LMS) was used to modify the unbleached triploid populus tomentosa alkaline hydrogen peroxide pulp (APMP). The changes of pulp brightness were measured and the effects of LMS on the subsequent hydrogen peroxide bleaching were also determined. Besides, the fiber morphology was analyzed by ESEM, and then the obvious changes of pulp have been recovered. In a word, the LMS has obvious effect on cellulose.

At present, in the aquaculture environment, bait casting process of feeding machine is using time quantitative; such feeding way did not consider too much fish feeding law which will cause bait wasting and environmental pollution. An effective way to solve the problem is how to set the feeding amount through observing the fish aggregation. An intelligent bait casting method is proposed in this paper based on the machine vision technology, according to calculate the fish shoal area and shoal ratio in the feeding process. The calculate method of the fish shoal degree and flow chart of the main program is introduced. The feeding quantity is more close to the fishing bait habit. The advantage of using this method is making the bait casting more scientific and reasonable, not only saving the breeding cost, but also reducing the environment pollution.

This paper based on the social surveys considers the problems of effective management in regional sector of housing and communal services. The author concludes that the sector of housing and communal services requires social replication by means of reconstruction and renewal of state-owned building enterprises.

This paper made the detailed discourse for the study on using cellulase, hemicellulase hydrolysis of poplar fiber raw material to make glucose. The raw material used in this experiment is poplar, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes are used. Hemicellulase is a complex system, xylose is regarded as the main chain for a lot of hemicellulose. The experiment used dry poplar as raw material, through the ball mill, ground poplar into wood powder. In the experiment, the optimal condition of enzyme hydrolysis of wood powder has been discussed based on reaction temperature, reaction time, enzyme concentration, and the pH value of reaction. Finally, under the optimal condition, use enzyme to hydrolyse wood powder, measure reducing sugar content by the DNS method, and calculate the rate of hydrolysis.

In this paper, synthesis and fluorescence performance of graphene oxide have been primarily studied. Fistly, graphene oxide with remarkable fluorescence performance was prepared by modified hummer’s method. Secondly, changing the reaction time, the structure and size of graphene oxide were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Malvern Zeta-Size Analyzer, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the XRD patterns of graphene oxide were discussed. Finally, the fluorescence performance of graphene oxide solution were analyzed using fluorescence spectrometer.

the objective of this study reviewed for the classification of the oak barrels, the influence of oak barrels on wine quality and the use of the oak barrels. Generalized the characteristics of the different plant sources oak barrels, summarized the important roles of the age of the oak barrels for stability, aroma, taste characteristics of wine; introduced several processing methods for oak barrels. This paper offered to reference to choose oak barrels for according to the qualities of the wine.

The Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a frequently used flocculant for high concentration suspensions removal in water treatment characterized by the generation of large and dense flocs. In this paper, by using the anionic PAM as flocculant, a full-scale experimental study was carried out on flocculating ferric flocs sludge with pelleting flocculation blanket process under scale of 19~38 m3/h. The investigation aimed to optimum the dosage of the PAM and evaluate the application of the PAM in ferric flocs sludge treatment. The experimental results indicated that the increasing of PAM dosage could improve both outlet turbidity and thicken sludge concentration obviously, under the raw wastes concentration of 285~1022 mg/L, the system could achieve ideal operation effect with PAM dosage of 0.3~2.7 mg/L and treatment unit surface loading of 19~38 m3/m2·H. The investigation results also proved that there exists an approximately linear relationship between optimal PAM dosage and raw sludge concentration, that is, the increasing of raw sludge concentration would require synchronously rising of the optimal dosage. While the relationship between maximum surface loading and raw sludge concentration appeared negatively linear dependence, the maximum surface loading would decreased linearly with the increasing of inlet sludge concentration.

In this paper, the use of biosorbents prepared from fruit wastes for removal of anionic dyes in wastewater was investigated. A versatile, scalable and configurable envelop protocol was developed for biosorbents screening and process scale-up evaluations. The results obtained show that enveloped systems did not alter equilibrium and kinetics profiles from those of the standard free sorbent-sorbate systems under the experimental conditions studied. Inherent non-ideal sorbent-sorbate interactions were likely contributor to the observed discriminating features of the linear isotherm fits of the enveloped systems. The results also showed that sorbent weight:sorbate volume ratio (S/L ratio) could be used to characterise the sorbent-sorbate system.

Delignification of banana peel, agricultural waste, is considered in the pulp production because lignin is a major obstacle to the gain of cellulose. The soda process as a conventional method and micro-morphology observed by scanning electron microscopy were fulfilled to investigate an optimal condition in this study. The results pointed the potent sequence of operating factors was delignification temperature > solid-liquid ratio > soda concentration > time. The removal of lignin could achieve 92% under the optimal condition using 12%w soda concentration with 1:8 solid-liquid ratio at 100°C for 40 min. This shows that the alkaline delignification is productively sufficient for the pulp production.

This paper mainly researched on preparation and the setting time of Magnesium Phosphate Cement (MPC). The method of orthogonal experiment was adapted to determine the best ratio of MPC, and change the content and types of the material according to the influence of various factors, so as to get the longer setting time of MPC. The results showed that, when the water cement ratio is 0.12, the factors significantly influencing the setting time is magnesium phosphorus ratio (M/P), fly ash and borax. The optimal mixture ratio was obtained through the orthogonal analysis, namely M/P is 3/1, borax content is 16%, and the amount of fly ash is 40%. When M/P is 1/1 and 2/2, borax content is not more than 22%, and the amount of fly ash was less than 60%, the longer setting time of MPC can be produced.

As a cooking additive, the impact of Diethylene Triamine Penta Methylene Phosphonic Acid (DTPMPA) on bamboo kraft pulping was studied. The effect of DTPMPA dosage at different maximum cooking temperature was discussed. The results showed that the cooking aids DTPMPA added in bamboo kraft pulping was able to reduce K value of pulp, improve the screened stock yield and brightness and reduce the alkali charge. The optimized bamboo kraft pulping conditions are: DTPMPA dosage 0.3%, alkali charge 17%, when sulfidity was 20%, maximum cooking temperature was 160°C and time at maximum temperature was 90min. Under the conditions of cooking, the screened yield is 41.53%, the K value is 15.4 and the bamboo pulp brightness is 26.8%.

This paper explains that the origin of the technique of cotton cultivation in China needs further demonstration according to historical data and archaeological materials. Although the specific time quantum can’t be inferred concerning the spread of cotton in China, but it is clearly demonstrated that in ancient China, the technique of cotton cultivation in the southwest district, mainly about shrub ceiba, is earlier than that in northwest district which is largely based on Levant cotton.

Coal gasification wastewater, as a typical industrial wastewater has poor biodegradability and high toxicity. In this paper, simple anaerobic shaker test was conducted to investigate the degradation of hydroquinone in coal gasification wastewater. Anaerobic sludge shaker test were run for 27, 50 and 73 days, the phenol concentration were adjusted to 300 mg/L and 500 mg/L with pH 7.5, respectively. The experimental results also showed that this system could effectively deal with COD and phenol removal and remain in a stable level when the operational parameters altered while the hydrolysis acidification at 45h is appropriate. Organics degradation and transformation of anaerobic coal gasification wastewater samples at 12h, 24h, 36h, 48h, and 60h were analyzed by GC/MS and it was found that hydrolysis acidification played an important role in degradation of methyl phenol, hydroquinone and refractory compounds. Therefore, the results illustrated that the simple anaerobic shaker process is an easy way for pollutant degradation and treat coal gasification wastewater effectively.

The composition of dyeing wastewater is complicated, after biochemical treatment, the effluent COD is still unable to meet the emission standard. To achieve discharge standard that often require advanced treatment after biochemical. This paper investigated effect of pH, reaction time, ZnO dosage, dosage of H2O2on the effect of dyeing wastewater treatment by photocatalytic-H2O2, the results showed that the reaction time of 15 min, pH of 4, dosage of ZnO was 4 g/L, 30% H2O2dosage was 1 ml/L, the COD removal rate was highest, can reach more than 55%.

The complex nonlinear problem exists between the factors which influence the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The nonlinear relationship between input variables as the factors and output variables as the strength can be obtained artificial neural network which have the feature of self-adapting, self-studying and nonlinear mapping. RBF and BP neural network models are established in MATLAB in this paper based on experimental values. Compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are predicted respectively and comparing with the measured values, predicted values are analyzed. The results show that the predicted values based on RBF tally with the experimental values, and the strength prediction ability of RBF is higher than BP neural network. The needs of engineering can be meet by this method with accurate prediction ability, a new method for the study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete strength is provided.

In this paper, we studied the different content of aramid fiber, aramid pulp, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber's effect on EPDM inhibitor material. The result show that aramid fiber can significantly improve the ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, when the content of aramid fiber up to 6.7%,the inhibitor material's ablating rate get the minimum value 0.04mm/s. Aramid pulp can improve ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, but its dispersion in insulation material is difficult. Others inorganic fiber can't lower the ablating rate as much as aramid fiber, it mainly because of the brittleness of inorganic fiber, during the dispersion process, most of fiber had been triturated, so those fiber can't decrease the liner ablation rate of the inhibitor.

This paper presents a study on the different fire retardant treatment technologies influence on the physical and mechanical properties of bamboo particleboard. The results showed: the properties of bamboo particleboard would change with changing of fire retardant treatment technology; among them the treated technology of fire retardant spraying after resin blending had larger changed; compared with non-fire retardant bamboo particleboard, the density and moisture content (MC) and 2h thickness swell (2h TS) of fire retardant bamboo particleboard had a little improved, and their internal bond (IB) and modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) had slightly reduced.

In order to solve the problem of multi-index amalgamation on the reliability evaluation for tunnel lining with cracks, this paper based on extension theory, use matter element model theory to establish the matter element of the reliability evaluation for tunnel lining with cracks, use the dependent function to establish the relevance between matter element and reliability grade, combine the research result of the Beiru tunnel lining cracks disease to evaluate the reliability. The results show that it could consider the multi-index of the cracks to use the extension theory to evaluate the reliability of the tunnel lining with cracks, and the evaluation results are more scientific and reasonable. It is viable to use the dimensionless parameters to represent the crack geometry. In the K6, the treatment scheme is mechanical reinforcement. In the K2 and K3,the treatment scheme is surface sealing. The reliability evaluation results supply theory basis and technical guidance for the tunnel long-term health service and the disease treatment.

Effects of ultrasonic processing conditions on water retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers, absorbent cotton pulp fiber and straw pulp fiber were discussed. Results showed that ultrasonic power and processing time have an significant impact on water retention value of three kinds of pulp, the effort of ultrasonic treatment temperature on water retention value of three kinds of pulp is less. The water retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers, absorbent cotton pulp fiber and straw pulp fiber, respectively, reach the maximum at power of 300W, 500W, 400W, and processing time of 60min, 120min, 60min.

Because the extremely low permeability for tight gas reservoirs, lead to the way to seepage and the shape of production curves different with the convention reservoirs; this will increase the difficulty to develop the tight gas reservoirs; on the other hand, the convention exploit cannot recover the tight gas with commercial value, with this problem, the main solution is the technology of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells, the fractured can provide the channel for gas to transport, the horizontal wells can increase the seepage area of tight gas, it’s the guarantee to get the commercial value. But, at present, the study on the tight was dependent on the method of convention gas reservoirs, the production curve get from this method also the same with the convention gas reservoirs, in order to close with the really exploitation of tight gas reservoirs and provide the more accurate scientific evidence, we must study based on the feature of tight gas reservoir, in this situation, we can get the suitable production curves for tight gas reservoirs. This paper based on the feature of tight gas reservoir, combine with the model of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells, and get the production equation of tight gas, combine with the yield of discard time, we can get the type curve, and then get the C level reserves of region.

Effects of mercerizing treatment on water-retention value of bleaching coniferous wood pulp fibers were discussed and the mercerizing treatment conditions were optimized. The best conditions of mercerizing treatment is NaOH concentration of 7mol/L, temperature of 40°C and processing time of 100min. SEM showed that the fiber cell wall swelling increase after mercerization.

This paper studied effect of different pretreatment process on Yunnan phosphorus building gypsum strength and crystal morphology such as washing method, lime neutralization method, flotation method and Hans method. A lots experiment result indicated that basic properties of phosphorus building gypsum of different pretreatment methods could satisfy related building materials products technology requirements. While inorganic impurities could be effectively removed by lime neutralization method and washing method, as well as organics could be better removed by flotation method, however, compared with other methods, the Hans method possessed the best effect about removing soluble phosphorus, fluorine and organic compounds in phosphogypsum , and had other benefit such as low cost, easy operated and high strength.

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three lignocellulosic residues (coffee husks, spent coffee grounds and pequi husks) as precursor materials in the production of activated carbons (ACs). Results indicate that the precursor material has a significant effect in both physical and chemical aspects of the adsorbent, with the AC based on spent coffee grounds being the most effective for phenol removal, with maximum adsorption capacity comparable to commercial ACs.

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

Ethanol is a kind of basic biomass liquid energy , the conversion of biomass to ethanol has been studied extensively. The process of biomass pretreatment can change its physical and chemical properties, and these changes affect the chemical conversion of biomass products in quality and yield of late. This paper reviews the physical method, chemical method, biological method, three kinds of pretreatment technique, the related principle and development prospects are introduced.

In recent years, research has shown the advisability of seeking new types of biofuel. It has been shown that apart from one-component fuel, it is also advisable to use mixtures composed of basic raw materials. These mixtures may have a favourable effect upon the overall recovery of such fuels. This paper focuses upon options for the energy use of various mixtures of biomass waste. Biomass waste originates from primary agricultural production and countryside maintenance. This mainly consists of plant residues, i.e. straw and hay. Pellets were made using the given biomass. The pellets were prepared by mixing plant residues with spruce shavings as well as from pure materials, i.e. wheat straw, hay and sawdust. Individual types of biomass were mixed in various ratios: 50% wheat straw + 50% hay, 50% wheat straw + 50% sawdust, 50% hay + 50% sawdust, 33% wheat straw + 33% hay + 33% sawdust. The following basic parameters of the prepared samples were monitored: humidity, calorific value and ash content. These parameters influence the environmental as well as economic aspects of options for using these plant residues as fuel. It was discovered during the tests that the highest calorific value was achieved using a sample of biomass prepared by mixing 50% straw and 50% hay. The highest humidity was found in a sample of sawdust and the highest ash content in a sample prepared by mixing 50% straw and 50% hay.

Bamboo is a kind of material which is environmentally friendly and sustainable development, the paper analyzes its significance from the ecological value, economic value and cultural value of bamboo products. It illustrates research in motion of domestic and dynamic aspects and development status of bamboo products. It discourses the advantages of sustainable development of bamboo products through impact of bamboo products for industrial and agricultural economic development and environmental protection. It emphasizes that bamboo has a very important significance for energy in the future.

In recent years, with the excellent mechanical properties, good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity and optical properties, Graphene is widely used in many fields such as chemistry, physics and material science .The preparation of graphene have had a very big progress.This paper reviews the chemical preparation methods of graphene and the application of Graphene / Chitosan composite.Then we point out the outlook of the application of the composite materials graphene with other biological macromolecules which are similar with chitosan.

As the low economic value, many available chemical and physical properties of coarse tail coal-slime used to be ignored. In this paper, coarse tail coal-slime is used as the filer medium for the treatment of circulating water in coal preparation plants. Because coarse tail coal-slime has great adsorption performance, appropriate particle size composition and mechanical strength, it is used as filter medium for pressure feeding filtering equipment in this study, to probe the feasibility of the treatment of circulating water. The results show that with using coarse tail coal-slime as filter medium in pressure feeding filtering tank, the concentration of circulating water can be reduced to below 5 g/L, it will meet the requirements; the particle size and thickness of coarse tail coal-slime have great influence on the capacity and concentration. This method does not need settlement reagents, and it makes full use of coal preparation plant waste.

In the paper there is compared wood char layer of various tree parts (branches, trunk, roots) from pine, fir, spruce, larch. The samples were thermally loaded by the radiating source. The course of thermal degradation was evaluated by the char laye. The obtained results showed the influence of tree parts and wood species on calculated fire technical parameters. The values of char layer of wood from branches were the lowest. The char layer of trunk wood was the highest in case of spruce.