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Paper acidification has become a serious problem in the world and deacidification is an effective way to extend the life of the paper documents. This essay introduced the acidification of the paper documents and the regular methods of deacidification at present. It surveyed the deacidification technologies in Europe and America countries and the progress of decacidification research programs in China, and then proposed the opinions on R&D and promotion of paper document acidification technology in China.

With rapid increase of waste paper recycling, more and more researchers focus on the advanced technologies of sorting impurities form waste paper. The principals of main identification and sorting technologies are introduced in this paper, whose advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Because of importance of sorting technologies based on near-infrared spectroscopy, we emphasis its principle, application and research status etc.. At last, research and development tendency of identification and sorting technology are prospected.

In this article, Fenton oxidation treatment technology was employed to the improving of quality of post treated wastewater from pulp & paper mills in order to increase the recycling ratio of final treated wastewater. The reaction conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and the removal of color were tested for the optimizing. It was found in this study that the color of Fenton oxidation treated water was variegated with the extending of settling time. The optimized conditions were: Dosage of H2O2 was 682.1mg/L(30% m/m), 1.5 times theoretical consumption, 205mg/L FeSO47H2O (H2O2:FeSO4=15:1), the initial pH and the reaction time were 4.5 and 40min, respectively. The removal of the color and COD were 51.3% and 80% after Fenton treatment. GC-MS analysis shown that the contents of organic extracts and most of organic compounds reduced significantly after the oxidational treatment.

Paper industry produces large amounts of sludge with about 65wt% moisture content. Due to its complex composition, the charge of traditional disposal method is high and easy to bring about secondary pollution. In this paper, the influences of temperature, oxidation coefficient and residence time on the performance of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of paper mill sludge were investigated. The results show that SCWO can almost completely eliminate organics in sludge and obtain transparent liquid products meeting relative national standards at 550°C, 5min with an oxidation coefficient of 3.0. However, during this process, TN changes to NH3-N, so NH3-N in liquid products increases with operation parameters, indicating the recalcitrant nature of NH3-N, and which needs further treatment.

Paper cutting, as an ancient and unique Chinese characteristics of the folk traditional culture elements, comes from people's daily life, which reflects people's the most simple pursuit and yearning for a better life , is an embodiment of a traditional concept of creation in life. As the time goes on, the full integration of folk paper-cut with local culture and a variety of unique styles embodies the concept of creation and the origin of cultural spirit is a great help to the modern design. With the exploration of paper-cut culture, this paper researches the modern product design, inspirates from its creation technique and art, in order to inherit the ancient folk culture, at the same time, gives some help to the product design in the new era.

A device has been designed to measure the whole stiffness which is behalf of paper plate’s carrying capacity. When the device was working, one end of the paper plate was hold as a hand did, the other end of the paper plate was pushed to 15°angle from the horizontal surface, and the force on the paper plate was recorded. Comparing load-bearing performance, the whole stiffness is more accurate to reveal the differences of the paper plates.

Paper material has many excellent characteristics in architectural applications. Our main constructions for disaster rescue are temporary tents, board house and so on for a long time, so it is difficult to meet the psychological demands of the people in disaster area. According to Maslow's hierarchy theory of psychological demands, this paper analyzes people’s demands of physiology, psychology and social aspects in disaster areas, also sums up the exploration of paper material in architectural application, and finally summarizes that paper material is economy, flexible, safety, sustainable and so on.

Steel slag, a kind ofindustrial residues, is generated in the process of steel-making. Paper sludgeis the final material which origins from the treatment of liquid waste. Allthese resulted in a serious pollution of environment, how to achieve thecoordinate development among enterprise, environment and society become apressing matter of the moment. Based on this, Circular economy becomenecessary. Based on circular economy, the two kinds of industrial wastes weremixed to manufacture useful materials through carbonation in this research. Therequired raw materials were mixed by mortar mixer at the specified mixingratio. Then the mixture was transferred to a stainless steel mould formanufacturing of rectangular composite specimens. Only in this way, It is toshift from the paper maunfacturing and ironmaking and steelmaking industrywhich is over-consumption of energy and natural resources and very seriousenvironmental pollution to the industry which is less pollution and thedevelopment of multi-part cycle.

English, as one of the most important information carriers, has become the most widely used language worldwide, and its importance is increasingly prominent in each field of our society. Examinations are an important means of evaluating the level of English language learning and teaching outcomes. For the problems existed in traditional English exam, this paper research English online examination system intelligent test paper based on random algorithm. First, the design test paper constraints, including the question amount constraint, questions type constraints, knowledge point constraints, difficulty constraints, answer time constraints and so on; Then, using the linear congruence generator study of a random number generation, list recursive formula and describe parameters; Finally, using flow diagram to study random test paper process, for each step describing in detail. Advantages of random algorithm are easy to use, the disadvantage is not retrospective, applies to the number of exam papers and extraction requirements are relatively few cases.

The curriculum construction is a very important work leading to the excellent course. Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton (including 32 class hours) is a new elective course to the printing engineering in our college. It is very important and necessary to construct the course in time. At first, the current states and difficulties were introduced in the paper, which was that teaching contents, teaching courseware and teacher team should be all improved. Especially, the teaching content proportion on both paper box and carton was set. And then the ideas and ways used for building up the curriculum system are presented as integrating the teaching contents, reforming the teaching mode and strengthening the teaching management. Finally, the significance of carrying out the teaching reform was put forward, and the achievements of course construction should be applied to the usual teaching work. The curriculum Processing Technology of Paper Box and Carton was reckoned as the excellent curriculum of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication in 2013.

A statistical analysis is made on papers published in Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University from 2001 to 2010 in terms of the number of published papers, the statistics of key words frequency, the number of published papers of authors, the regional distribution of authors, the number of co-authored papers, the added number of paper authors and active author group. The research direction of geomatics and the scale and trend in which geomatics researchers have cooperated in past ten years is represented. It is reflected that the Journal has played an important role in the information transmission, experience exchange, talents training and the improvement and development of China’s geomatics cause.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

Better security and environmental performance are manifested in the use of paper materials on children furniture; Paper materials are of excellent features in portability, convenience, affordability, air permeability and texture;Also introduces the craft process of paper materials in making children furniture, and illustrates the application of paper materials according to the children’s experience.

The genetic algorithm is a randomized search method for a class of reference biological evolution of the law evolved, with global implicit parallelism inherent and better optimization. This paper presents an adaptive genetic algorithm to optimize the use of BP neural network method, namely the structure of weights and thresholds to optimize BP neural network to achieve the recognition of banknotes oriented. Experimental results show that after using genetic algorithms to optimize BP neural network controller can accurately and quickly achieved recognition effect on banknote recognition accuracy compared to traditional BP neural network has been greatly improved, improved network adaptive capacity and generalization ability.

The system for automatic analysis of test papers needs a algorithm which is efficient and converges fast, Genetic Algorithm is just fit for it.The paper is mainly discuss the basic concept of Genetic Algorithm,three important Genetic operator, the general step of Genetic Algorithm, and introduction of the system for automatic analysis of test papers.We follow the coding,selecting,crossover and mutation of Genetic Algorithm,discuss the process of automatic analysis of test papers.

In this paper, we analyze the disadvantage of common generating test paper algorithm. An improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is proposed and used in auto-generating examination paper algorithm. We design the mathematical model of auto-generating test paper algorithm and improved the traditional GA fitness evaluation form. A computational study is carried out to verify the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of IGA can work efficiently than traditional ones.

This paper mainly make stitching technology of character in scrapped paper of printed file carry on research, which puts forward a stitching method in the light of character and image with multi-feature information in scrapped paper, mainly considering stitching same line character generally possesses similar horizontal projection region and projection center, it adopts human-computer interaction to semi-automatic stitching. First, we make image of scrapped paper binarization and small area filtering (with the exception of the boundary), after characters clustering, we utilize matching degree of pixels information of the left and right edges to make vertical stitching. This method can better tackle stitching and restoration of scrapped paper characters whose edge with segmented character. The scraped papers provided by the national undergraduate mathematical modeling contest were conducted experiment; the results indicate that this method is effective, with strong real-time property, robustness.

Based on the database of Thomson Reuters, the bibliometric and patent information of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology from 2006 to 2011 are searched. The R&D capacity of China and US in the field of Clean Coal Technology are compared, the advantageous institutes in this field are identified. The cooperation trend between China and US on Clean Coal technology is analyzed. Some suggestions are proposed based on the data analysis.

with the rapid development of national economy in recent years, rapid growth of the road mileage, the rapid growth of usage of the car begin to render phase geometry orders of magnitude, however, as the international oil prices gradually rise, the domestic refined oil price is high, the use of the car costs are rising fast. Therefore, how to better maintenance of vehicles, and change some of the original bad driving technology, can make the car in the most fuel-efficient and has become a very meaningful topic.

When processing in the manufacture for production of paperboard boxes, there arises amount of waste paper as material, which is subsequently sent for recycling. The paper passes through the first crushing device, which ensures small pieces so that they can be transported by pipeline to a pressing apparatus. Paper material in the molding machine is forced into the pits of suitable size due to the additional handling and transport. So both pipe as well as the molding machine may be so congested with material during the failure that the equipment requires unexpected additional cleaning. The sensor detects the level of waste material in pressing device, thereby avoiding congestion in a timely manner and prevents subsequent failure. The sensor uses the resonant frequency of the oscillating rod. The microprocessor controls and evaluates the response of the rod oscillations. Sensor performance was exposed to qualification tests when it shows ability to operate also in extreme conditions such as dirty and dusty surrounding with high humidity and temperature level. Sensor detects the vibration attenuation at the poles of the rod that is caused by touching different materials. Thus may indicate changing concentration level of a material and not just pieces of paper but for example, also sand or other suitable materials or height of fluid surface.

The total sulfur rate of the coal sample was 4.973%, the inorganic sulfur content was more than 60%, which was the main component in the coal sample. The effect of grinding fineness, flotation pulp density, collector and frother on coal flotation desulfurization were investigated in this paper to remove the inorganic sulfur. The results showed that it reached to the optimum desulfurization rate 54.7% when the optimum grinding fineness was 39.20% -200 mesh rate, pulp concentration was 80 g/L, kerosene consumption was 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil loading was 100 g/t, and the total sulfur content reduced to 2.72%. The optimized flotation condition determined by orthogonal experiments was as follow: pulp density for 60 g/L, kerosene dosage of 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil consumption of 100 g/t. In this case, total sulfur content reduced to 2.19%, the total desulfurization rate and the inorganic desulfurization rate were 55.96% and 92.89%, respectively.

Chinese paper companies wastewater emissions, has become an important source of pollution. This article describes the sources of the paper industry wastewater, the main pollutant, the status and shortcomings of conventional treatment technology research. The study progress and applications of photocatalytic oxidation reaction in the treatment of wastewater from pulp and papermaking process were reviewed. The potential advantages and the development trend of photocatlytic oxidation reaction in the fields of effluent treatment were discussed.

As the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuels, biomass has developed various technologies of energy utilization. In order to adjust the syngas composition, increase the ratio of H2/CO and reduce CO2 content, this paper conducted biomass gasification experiment in an entrained flow bed on CaO sorption. The paper studied influence factors like the gasification temperature, ratio of CaO/B and gasification parameters, such as ratio of H2/CO, cold gas efficiency, cold gas yield or tar content in syngas. The result showed that raising gasification temperature or increasing added content of CaO which were beneficial to the improvement of H2 content. A maximum H2 output with a concentration of 62.7% and H2/CO ratio of 3.19 was achieved at CaO/C=1, H2O/B=0.3 and T=1100°C, meanwhile the cold gas efficiency was 86.07%, the cold gas yield reached 1.2Nm3/kg biomass, and the tar content was dropped to 314.6mg/Nm3.

This paper based on the characteristic of large scale、more Individual project、Operation difficulty in water conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,make a improvement of the original LEC method in order to get the purpose of reduce the risk coefficient. The results show that:the results of the improved LEC method in this paper is more simple and more accurate than the original improved LEC method. Accurate estimation of hazard levels not only can be appropriate to reduce the budget of production units in the construction safety,but also means that the increase of enterprise benefit and social benefit.

Ground Penetrating Radar is a method using high frequency impulse electromagnetic wave to detect underground media distribution. It has been gradually widely used as it has the advantage of high accuracy, fast and nondestructive respecting to the conventional method such as visual measurement and confirmation with drilling hole. In the tunnel construction process, it is easy occurred that the quality problem of insufficient lining thickness, the distance of steel arch centering too large and the concrete disengaging. The work achieved in this paper based on the project of LongSheng tunnel and its conclusion and suggestion has important practical engineering significance.

At present, in the aquaculture environment, bait casting process of feeding machine is using time quantitative; such feeding way did not consider too much fish feeding law which will cause bait wasting and environmental pollution. An effective way to solve the problem is how to set the feeding amount through observing the fish aggregation. An intelligent bait casting method is proposed in this paper based on the machine vision technology, according to calculate the fish shoal area and shoal ratio in the feeding process. The calculate method of the fish shoal degree and flow chart of the main program is introduced. The feeding quantity is more close to the fishing bait habit. The advantage of using this method is making the bait casting more scientific and reasonable, not only saving the breeding cost, but also reducing the environment pollution.

The complex nonlinear problem exists between the factors which influence the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The nonlinear relationship between input variables as the factors and output variables as the strength can be obtained artificial neural network which have the feature of self-adapting, self-studying and nonlinear mapping. RBF and BP neural network models are established in MATLAB in this paper based on experimental values. Compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are predicted respectively and comparing with the measured values, predicted values are analyzed. The results show that the predicted values based on RBF tally with the experimental values, and the strength prediction ability of RBF is higher than BP neural network. The needs of engineering can be meet by this method with accurate prediction ability, a new method for the study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete strength is provided.

In this paper, we studied the different content of aramid fiber, aramid pulp, carbon fiber, high silica fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber's effect on EPDM inhibitor material. The result show that aramid fiber can significantly improve the ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, when the content of aramid fiber up to 6.7%,the inhibitor material's ablating rate get the minimum value 0.04mm/s. Aramid pulp can improve ablation resistance of thermal insulation layer, but its dispersion in insulation material is difficult. Others inorganic fiber can't lower the ablating rate as much as aramid fiber, it mainly because of the brittleness of inorganic fiber, during the dispersion process, most of fiber had been triturated, so those fiber can't decrease the liner ablation rate of the inhibitor.

In order to solve the problem of multi-index amalgamation on the reliability evaluation for tunnel lining with cracks, this paper based on extension theory, use matter element model theory to establish the matter element of the reliability evaluation for tunnel lining with cracks, use the dependent function to establish the relevance between matter element and reliability grade, combine the research result of the Beiru tunnel lining cracks disease to evaluate the reliability. The results show that it could consider the multi-index of the cracks to use the extension theory to evaluate the reliability of the tunnel lining with cracks, and the evaluation results are more scientific and reasonable. It is viable to use the dimensionless parameters to represent the crack geometry. In the K6, the treatment scheme is mechanical reinforcement. In the K2 and K3,the treatment scheme is surface sealing. The reliability evaluation results supply theory basis and technical guidance for the tunnel long-term health service and the disease treatment.

Because the extremely low permeability for tight gas reservoirs, lead to the way to seepage and the shape of production curves different with the convention reservoirs; this will increase the difficulty to develop the tight gas reservoirs; on the other hand, the convention exploit cannot recover the tight gas with commercial value, with this problem, the main solution is the technology of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells, the fractured can provide the channel for gas to transport, the horizontal wells can increase the seepage area of tight gas, it’s the guarantee to get the commercial value. But, at present, the study on the tight was dependent on the method of convention gas reservoirs, the production curve get from this method also the same with the convention gas reservoirs, in order to close with the really exploitation of tight gas reservoirs and provide the more accurate scientific evidence, we must study based on the feature of tight gas reservoir, in this situation, we can get the suitable production curves for tight gas reservoirs. This paper based on the feature of tight gas reservoir, combine with the model of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells, and get the production equation of tight gas, combine with the yield of discard time, we can get the type curve, and then get the C level reserves of region.

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

Bamboo is a kind of material which is environmentally friendly and sustainable development, the paper analyzes its significance from the ecological value, economic value and cultural value of bamboo products. It illustrates research in motion of domestic and dynamic aspects and development status of bamboo products. It discourses the advantages of sustainable development of bamboo products through impact of bamboo products for industrial and agricultural economic development and environmental protection. It emphasizes that bamboo has a very important significance for energy in the future.

As the low economic value, many available chemical and physical properties of coarse tail coal-slime used to be ignored. In this paper, coarse tail coal-slime is used as the filer medium for the treatment of circulating water in coal preparation plants. Because coarse tail coal-slime has great adsorption performance, appropriate particle size composition and mechanical strength, it is used as filter medium for pressure feeding filtering equipment in this study, to probe the feasibility of the treatment of circulating water. The results show that with using coarse tail coal-slime as filter medium in pressure feeding filtering tank, the concentration of circulating water can be reduced to below 5 g/L, it will meet the requirements; the particle size and thickness of coarse tail coal-slime have great influence on the capacity and concentration. This method does not need settlement reagents, and it makes full use of coal preparation plant waste.

Brackets is the ancient Chinese wooden building unique ways and one of the main features of the structure. Its dual function of both structural and architectural: An important component of both the structure itself, because of its flexible features tenon, the dynamic response of the structure can absorb greater energy, play a good role in the earthquake; But it is also a special architectural ornament, can play the effect of beautifying buildings. Therefore, this paper based on the finite element software ABAQUS brackets by the force of the mechanism of failure modes and numerical simulation analysis for the brackets and the whole structure of the wood to provide a scientific assessment and reinforcement.

The spiral shaft parts have been widely applied in machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, the paper based on DEFORM-3D, the rigid-plastic finite element model of cross wedge rolled spiral shaft parts was established. The rolling process was simulated, the strain laws were analyzed, and the characteristics of metal flow were explored. From which we can find Plate cross wedge rolled spiral shaft parts is completely feasible. The results provide the theoretic basis for precision deformation of cross wedge rolled spiral shaft parts.

This research paper presents the experimental results of drying of chili by using the active solar dryer and sun drying because of chili is a commercial agricultural product of Thailand. The active solar dryer consisted of a solar collector, a drying chamber and a chimney. The small fans were installed in the solar collector of active solar dryer to provide the air flow circulated in the solar collector and a drying chamber. Drying of chili of 20 kg from moisture content 84 percent wet basis to 10 percent wet basis following the Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS 3001-2010) showed that the use of the active solar dryer to make the drying time reduced about 28.7 percent compared with sun drying because of the hot air temperature inside the drying chamber higher than the ambient temperature about 10 to 15 . The quality of dried chili from the active solar dryer better than dried chili from sun drying.

The flotation is the effective method to fine coal separation, but the cost is higher and flotation reagents pollute circulating water system. In this paper, the JiuLiShan coarse coal slim was classified, the interception of 0.25 mm was collected, fine coal float-and sink test was carried out. For the-0.25mm coarse slime, compare the flotation, conventional coarse coal slime separation and new slime separator separation, the results show: underflow ash increased by 12.4%;the new slime separator is suitable for the 0.25 mm granularity fine coal slime, can be applied to lower fine slime ash, raising cleaned coal yield.

This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.

Denim is one important clothing product recently in the market. However, the original solid blue colour is not attractive to the consumers and hence many manufacturers are trying to remove part of the blue colour from the denim fabric surface. This fading effect could impart fade-look or worn out effect in the final products which made it becomes popular to the consumers. There are different methods to achieve the colour fading effect in which enzyme washing is one of the simplest methods to be used in the industry. Although the enzyme washing is a good method for colour fading of denim, the process involves the use of chemical as well as temperature which may introduce certain degree of damage in denim fabric. Thus, this paper will investigate the effect of enzyme washing on the tensile property of denim fabric under different treatment duration.

Smartphone has become the necessities of people in the world today. The worlds biggest Smartphone market is china. For Chinese mobile phone manufacturers, if they wanted to share on the global mobile phone market and gain more competitiveness, they would not only in cost and price to win,but also analyze consumer trends and consumer preferences about the smart phone configuration. China mobile is the country's biggest mobile operator and mobile phone distributor company, which has a large amount of smart phone sales data. This paper based on the smart phone sales data, proposed comprehensive clustering method and realized analysis of mobile phone configuration, including DBSCAN algorithm and K-means algorithm. Which cluster and divide the smart phone configuration into the different groups objectively and scientifically. Finally, the simulation analysis of smart phone sales data from china mobile, it is concluded that the accurate clustering results would help enterprises to make better decisions and predictions. Keywords: Smart phone configuration, Comprehensive clustering, DBSCAN algorithm, K-means algorithm

This study focuses on the biodesulfurization of lignite specifically the reduction of organic sulfur, namely aliphatic mercaptans/thiolsviabioprocess methods. The process was conducted by using multistage artificial biotreatment (A-Bmt) andPseudoclavibactersp.SKC/XLW-1 strains as biocatalysts. The aims are to improve the recovery of clean coal by reducing the organic sulfur both in nodules and globular forms on the maceral surface during the stage of coal biooxidation prior to column bioflotation stage, in which it is still possible to achieve higher recovery of fine coal grains without sulphide mineral. The results shows that the A-Bmt method carried out through biooxidation stage followed by column bioflotation stage has better performance compared to the method without biooxidation stage. The results of this study show that the content of organic sulfur are lower by 25%.

Calculated carbon dioxide emission from WPT, using equations derived from the UNFCC report, found that the average amount of CO2 emitted from the decomposition of WPT annually for 2011-2032 is equivalent to 14.19 million tonnes. The amounts of CO2 that can be sequestered from the manufacture of the potential products were also calculated. Assuming 50% of the annual availability of WPT in Malaysia from year 2011-2032 is converted into products such as plywood/flooring, bio-ethanol from OPT sap, timber, animal feed and micro-crystalline cellulose, GHG emissions would be reduced by 8.11%; 1.95%; 21.35% and 20.50% respectively. The conversion of WPT into biofuel such as fuel pellets and bio-ethanol could provide more impactful effect through indirect and direct carbon offsets from the displacement of fossil fuel use. Up to 48.26 percent CO2 reduction may be achieved.

Hydrogen sulfide is a common composition of natural gas. It is an important problem to develop suitable natural gas desulfurization technology for the present situation of China. Now, a novel process of H2S abatement from gas streams has been investigated for chemical absorption of H2S using a weak alkaline solution followed by the oxidation of the absorbed sulfide to elemental sulfur by naturally occurring microorganisms and alkaline solution regeneration for recycle and reuse in the process. This method is currently attracting more and more interests of researchers, because it requires little equipment, is inexpensive and produces only elemental sulfur, thus minimizing the production of pollutants. The biological oxidation process of the absorbed sulfides to elemental sulfur by Thiobacillus thioparus TYY-1 was studied in an airlift-loop reactor (effective volume=20L).Two efficiency factors including hydraulic remain time and the air aeration quantity were inspected. The air aeration quantity is key influence factor of desulfuration rate and elemental sulfur production rate. The investigation demonstrated that the optimum hydraulic remain time was 4—6h under the influent concentration of S2- for 200 mg/L, and the best treatment effect of aeration was obtained at 120 —160L/h. With these conditions after 20 days of operation, the result showed superior performance of the bioreactor for desulfuration rate and elemental sulfur production rate, the conversion products were mainly sulfur and the production rate of SO42- was low. The removal efficiency of sulfide was more than 99.5% while the maximum yield of sulfur was 88% approximately.

This work aims to contribute with information about the structural wood anatomical descriptionCalophyllum brasilienseCamb.. The study was conducted in an area of 1350 m2, with spacing 4.0 m x 2.5 m, in the Paraná State, Brazil. Five specimens ofC. brasiliense, with 13 years of age, were collected. For the macro and microscopic anatomical analyses were obtained disks to 0%, 25% and 50% of the commercial height of the trunk. The anatomical structure of wood ofC. brasiliense, from pure plantation, was similar to existing literature for native forests. The results showed that the cultivation of trees of Guanandi, from pure plantation, can be a sustainable alternative in obtaining building material.

Stone coal and two kinds of biomass were respectively mixed and studied during pyrolysis by using thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that the main pyrolysis peak temperature of stone coal is the lowest under the mixing ratio of 3:7 during the pyrolysis process. Because of the high content of alkali, corn stalk has better promotion for the coal pyrolysis compared to sawdust.

To further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding, an efficient activator formulation for promoting metabolism of endogenous microorganism was researched. Changes in community structure, growth and metabolites of endogenous microorganism were analyzed by methods of aerogenic experiments, physical simulation experiments, electron microscopy scanning (SEM), T-RFLP and Pyrophosphate sequencing. To evaluate whether endogenous microorganism activator screened in laboratory could activate endogenous microorganisms and enhance oil recovery in reservoirs after polymer flooding. The flooding effect and mechanism were studied, and this activator was used in a testing well group in Daqing oilfield. The results of the aerogenic experiments showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected water and make them produce a lot of biogas. The pressurized gas reached 2MPa after 60d static culture of activator in a high pressure vessel. The results showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected sewage and make them have a lot of growth and reproduction in the core and physical simulation of natural core flooding experiment. In the field test,the incremental oil production was 5957 t while the water content declined by 2.2% after injecting the activator, which provides an effective way to further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding.

Wood is a renewable source of structural material with high relative strength/weight, low energy production, which kidnaps and stores carbon in its production. The large use of wood is due to its special qualities as raw material for other products manufactured in residential construction or major works such as bridges, has been widely used in roofing for industrial and commercial buildings. Commercially there are limitations on the length of the wood, resulting from the extraction of tree trunks, thus requiring the adoption of binding elements is the use of self-tapping screws efforts required by side and which can be axial, shear, tensile or compression. Whereas in Brazil does not yet exist and the promising future of the product, this research aims to study the behavior of self-tapping screws together with Brazilian reforestation species ofPinusoocarpaandLyptus(softwood and hardwood). Rothoblaas self-tapping screws had a good penetration in both woods without requiring pre-drilling, the species of Lyptus wood showed the highest values of strength and the inclination of the screws, at 45 degrees showed the best results on either species of wood.

Biomass is organic material, the second most important source of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source. Wood biomass is used as source of energy for heating in many regions in Slovakia. It is because of its availability. Wood biomass is an easily accessible and affordable source of energy. At present, thermochemical processes, biochemical processes and physical-chemical processes are used for biomass utilization. In the article a suitable technology for combustion of wood chips is proposed. It consists of five main technological parts: transport of wood chips, silo, combustion boiler, and stack.

The properties analyzing of flotation feed sample told that this fine coal sample is high-ash and hard-to-float coal slime. The ash reduction comparison of the step-by-step release flotation test with high intensity conditioning (HIC) or not, and the comparison of flotation test with HIC and adding depressant were made. The results showed that HIC can significantly improve the flotation effect for high-ash and hard-to-float coal slime. Comparing with the traditional step-by-step flotation process, if it meets the demand of ash content is 10.00% and 8.00%, the clean coal yield with HIC will increase 18 and 29 percentage points respectively; comparing with the effect of floatation adding depressant, HIC has more help to reduce the ash content and increase the yield of clean coal. In addition, HIC will save a lot of flotation reagents.

The combustion characteristics of corn stalk and low volatile coal were carried out through the thermogravimetric experiments.The heating rates is 40°C/min.We used the Q50.It is found that the combustion processes of corn stalk and the low volatile coal combustion include moisture evaporation,volatile evolution and combustion,char combustion three stages.The main stage of corn stalk is volatile evolution and combustion and the main stage of low volatile coal is char combustion.Compare the TG and DTG curves of the corn stalk and the low volatile coal combustion we find the corn stalk is easy to be ignited and fires quickly at the atmosphere of pure oxygen.The corn stalk weightlessness mainly happens between 120~300°C,the biggest weight loss rate is 252%/min while the low volatile’s is 56%/min.The firing effect of corn stalk is better than the low volatile’s.