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Altered metabolism of cancer cells reshapes the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) with glucose addiction and high antioxidant levels, resulting in a strong alliance to promote tumor progression and treatment failure. Herein, a Pd/Pt/Au tri‐metallic mesoporous nanoparticle coated with pH‐responsive tannic acid‐iron ion (FeIIITA) network (PdPtAu@TF) is fabricated, aiming at reinforcing radioimmunotherapy by reprogramming nutrients and redox metabolisms. PdPtAu@TF has a fine hierarchical structure and demonstrates high glucose oxidase, peroxidase‐, catalase‐ and glutathione peroxidase‐mimic activities, acting as a self‐enhancing nanoreactor to consume endogenous glucose and break redox homeostasis in the harsh TME. As a result, cancer cells accelerate the uptake of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids when glucose is deficient, and then fall into lipid peroxidation‐induced ferroptosis trap to sensitize radiotherapy (RT), inhibiting tumor progression. More significantly, combined treatment with PdPtAu@TF can promote the polarization of pro‐inflammatory M1‐type macrophages as well as inhibit the proliferation of cancer‐associated fibroblasts to overcome RT‐induced immunosuppression and eliminate excessive tissue fibrosis, thereby eliciting antitumor immunity and suppressing tumor metastasis. Consequently, this study describes a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy by reprogramming tumor nutrients and redox metabolisms, which has great potential to benefit cancer treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and ranks as the fifth leading cause of visual impairment, but an understanding of DR development has been hampered by the lack of an efficient metabolomic tool. Herein, vanadium core–shell nanorods are developed for metabolic fingerprinting to probe molecular variation in DR. First, a series of vanadium core–shells are constructed with different elemental composition and structural parameters, using silica nanorods to support vanadium oxide. The plasma metabolic fingerprints (MFs) are extracted by the optimized vanadium core–shell nanorod‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, by analyzing 500 nL of native plasma in seconds. As a result, DR patients are differentiated from non DR controls with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 90% using a classification model built on the plasma MFs. Furthermore, DR progression is monitored by a panel of plasma metabolic signatures with gradual changes. This work provides an advanced molecular tool for the metabolomic characterization of DR and may guide the clinical decision making in DR for personalized medicine in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]