Search

Quasi−2D perovskite films with multiple quantum well structures can provide a large Stokes shift and efficient photoluminescence (PL), which have great potential in the application of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). However, its low photoelectric conversion efficiency and poor stability remain obstacles to commercial application. Here, a multifunctional molecule additive octyltriphenylphosphonium bromide is introduced to prepare high‐quality perovskite LSCs. The multifunctional molecule can simultaneously passivate perovskite cations and anions, reducing the defect sites and improving the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the perovskite nanocrystals. Triphenylphosphine groups with high steric hindrance effect can hinder ion migration; the hydrophobic properties of the long alkyl chain prevent water erosion, which together improves the stability of the perovskite films. The multifunctional molecule passivated perovskite film has a high PLQY of 100% and retains 96% of the initial PL intensity after 30 days of indoor storage. The perovskite LSC device achieves a maximum optical efficiency of 6.5% at a geometric factor of 3.1. The findings open a new way to boost the performance of perovskite‐based LSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the methylammonium‐free (MA‐free) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are constantly lagging behind those of the most extensively researched triple cation mixed PSCs due to their subpar perovskite films. Here, two guanidine‐based passivation agents are proposed, that are, sulfaguanidine (S‐Gua) and 1‐acetylguanidine (A‐Gua) that can be applied to optimize the film quality of MA‐free perovskite for minimizing the efficiency discrepancy between the two types of PSCs. Through strong coordination with Pb2+ and hydrogen bonding with formamidinium (FA+), the two passivation additives can reduce bulk defects and suppress non‐radiative recombination, which in turn enhance the charge extraction and transfer efficiency. Consequently, the S‐Gua‐ and A‐Gua‐treated devices achieve PCEs of 24.34% and 23.77%, respectively. Both PCEs are greater than that of the control device (23.03%), and the 24.34% PCE is comparable with that of the best MA‐free inverted PSCs with narrower bandgaps. Moreover, the S‐Gua‐treated devices maintain 89.3% and 82.0% of their initial PCEs after aging for 800 h and heating (85 °C) for 340 h in ambient air without any encapsulation, respectively. This work offers comprehensive insights into the use of guanidine‐based additives to achieve high‐quality perovskite films and subsequently state‐of‐the‐art MA‐free PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antisolvent‐assisted spin‐coating still lags behind the thermal evaporation method in fabricating perovskite films atop industrially textured silicon wafers in making monolithic perovskite/silicon solar cells (P/S‐TSCs). The inhomogeneity of hole‐selective self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) often arises from the insufficient bonding between hygroscopic phosphonic acid anchors and metal oxide. To address this, a mixed‐SAM strategy (Mx‐SAM) is proposed to enhance the adsorption energy of SAMs on the ITO surface, facilitate the formation of dense and humidity‐resistant hole‐selective layer (HSL) on substrates, and improve hole transport capabilities. With the aid of the Mx‐SAM strategy, the optimized wide‐bandgap PSCs achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.63% with an exceptionally high fill factor (FF) of 86.67% using the 1.68 eV perovskite. Moreover, they exhibited enhanced stability under damp‐heat conditions (ISOS‐D‐3, 85% RH, 85 °C) with a T90 of 900 h for encapsulated PSCs, representing one of the best performances for wide‐bandgap PSCs. When further extending the Mx‐SAM strategy to making P/S‐TSCs using silicon wafers from industry, a remarkable efficiency of 28.07% is reached while upholding outstanding reproducibility. This strategy holds significant promise for the feasibility of fabricating industrially‐compatible P/S‐TSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) are gaining attention as a promising technology for next‐generation photovoltaic devices owing to their impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and cost‐effective fabrication methods. Although, solution‐processed passivation using 2D perovskites can improve the interface recombination, this approach hampers its effective charge transportation. In this study, the study investigates the properties and performance of the bilayer 3D/3D methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)/formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3)‐based perovskite heterojunction (BPHJ) to address these concerns. The bilayer structure consists of two distinct perovskite absorbers having independent structure that are sandwiched between two charge transporting layer (CTLs) to make functional device. First, the fabrication process is optimized to achieve high‐quality MAPbI3 perovskite films with controlled morphology and crystallinity followed by the formation of BPHJ using FAPbI3 deposition by thermal evaporation technique. The BPHJ‐160 nm‐based PSCs with optimized parameters exhibit an enhanced PCE of 23.08% compared to single‐layer reference (20.15%) device. The improved performance can be attributed to the effective charge extraction at the heterojunction interface and reduced charge recombination losses due to favorable energy levels. Furthermore, the long‐term stability of the BPHJ‐based perovskite device is assessed under continuous illumination along with its ambient and thermal stability across different environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric mixed ionic–electronic conductors hold great potential for advancing high‐performance organic electronics due to their exceptional electrical conductivity achieved through ion–electron coupling. However, the widespread adoption of these conductors faces obstacles due to their reliance on environmentally harmful solvents during processing and the potential performance degradation under various conditions. In this study, a practical solution to these challenges is proposed by incorporating monomers with ionic liquid‐behaving pendant groups into conjugated polymers. The copolymerization of these charged monomers not only improves solubility in environmentally friendly solvents but also imparts long‐term stability against humidity, high temperatures, and mechanical deformation. The immobilized ion species foster highly selective interactions of these polymers with nitrogen dioxide, paving the way for the development of stretchable sensing devices capable of functioning at exceptionally high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high cost of ultra‐pure water supply and the mismatch between water sources and renewable energy distribution, the large‐scale production of green hydrogen through seawater electrolysis has generated significant interest. This presents an attractive potential technology within the framework of carbon‐neutral energy production. However, owing to the complex composition of seawater, particularly the competitive oxidation reactions and corrosion issues involving Cl−, seawater electrolysis has suffered from low selectivity and poor stability in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which severely impact the efficiency of hydrogen production and hinder the practical applications. To further promote in‐depth research and practical applications of seawater electrolysis, this review introduces the principles, key advantages, and challenges of seawater electrolysis. Specifically, the design strategies are categorized for highly active OER electrocatalysts for seawater electrolysis, including catalyst design, design of chemical reaction systems, and other special process design. To ensure long‐term operational stability of seawater electrolysis, various strategies such as employing self‐supporting materials, surface protection strategies, and electrolyzer design, are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for the industrialization of seawater electrolysis are proposed and discussed. It is expected that this review provides new insights for large‐scale seawater‐based hydrogen production in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly planar molecular structure is conducive to electron delocalization, thus facilitating efficient charge transport. A new thiophene terminal‐linked dimerized small‐molecular acceptor (DSMA), DTY‐2Cl, is synthesized, which achieves high planarity with a bithiophene linkage. The results of theoretical calculation and single crystal analysis of regional configuration demonstrate that the twisting angle between the bithiophene binding unit of DTY‐2Cl is almost zero. Devices based on DTY‐2Cl:D18 show an outstanding photoelectric performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.06% and excellent device stability. It is worth noting that DTY‐2Cl exhibits a redshifted absorption of up to 840 nm, which is rare among DSMAs, and DTY‐2Cl‐based devices obtain a VOC of 0.913 V, thus achieving a win‐win situation of redshifted absorption and high VOC. These results indicate that using bithiophene instead of biphenyl to optimize the planarity of oligomer acceptors is an effective strategy and provide a new idea for the improvement of subsequent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are of great interest owing to their potential applications in bioelectronics and neuromorphic systems. However, n‐type OECTs suffer from poor stability and facile degradation, mainly due to the oxygen reduction reactions in organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors during device operation. In this study, a small‐molecule passivation strategy is introduced to greatly improve the stability of poly(benzobisimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL)‐based n‐type OECTs. 6,6‐Phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is spin‐coated onto the BBL layer to form a smooth and hydrophobic passivation layer, which effectively inhibits the oxygen reduction reactions while enabling ion permeation in aqueous electrolytes. Consequently, the OECTs employing the PCBM/BBL bilayers with an optimized PCBM thickness exhibit significantly improved operational stability at various electrolyte conditions (0.1 m NaCl or NaOH) and over a wide gate‐voltage sweep range (from −0.7 to 0.7 V). Owing to the high electron mobility of PCBM, the carrier mobility and switching speed of the PCBM/BBL OECTs are also improved compared with those of the pristine BBL OECTs. This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of simple surface passivation in organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors and provides valuable insights for the design of high‐performance and stable OECTs for more specialized and advanced applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible scintillator screens with excellent stability and low detection limits are crucial for X‐ray imaging applications. 0D organic metal halide materials have emerged as a strong contender in the scintillator fields, owing to their excellent optical characteristics and simple maneuverability. Herein, high‐quality and large quantities of C38H36P2Sb2Cl8 single crystals are synthesized through a simple solution approach. The prepared single crystals with dimer‐structure [Sb2Cl8]2− exhibit yellow emission with a near‐unity high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99.8%, and possess an exceptional light yield of 41300 photons MeV−1, and a detection limit as low as 45.6 nGyair s−1. On this basis, a large‐size and ultra‐flexible C38H36P2Sb2Cl8 scintillator utilized for X‐ray imaging is prepared by template assembled method, demonstrating a high spatial resolution of 8.15 lp mm−1. The prepared ultra‐flexible scintillator screen can achieve excellent X‐ray imaging even after multiple bending and stretching, which can also provide clear non‐planar X‐ray imaging for irregular objects. In addition, the scintillator shows excellent stability in light, heat, X‐ray irradiation, and water. These results not only expand the optoelectronic application field of organic‐inorganic hybrid antimony halides but also promote the rapid development of efficient ultra‐flexible scintillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of promising electrode materials with structural stability and rapid interfacial reaction kinetics is highly desirable for supercapacitors toward large‐scale applications. Herein, the synthesis of biphase‐coupled CoPSe/NiP0.24Se1.76 with multiple in‐plane heterointerfaces using the in situ topological transformation approach is presented. As a novel ternary metal phosphoselenide (TMPSe) for supercapacitor cathode that is fabricated by synchronous phosphoselenization strategy, it realizes a superior lifespan with cycling compared to conventional transition metal selenides. The depleted anti‐bonding eg* orbitals of transition metal ions (Co/Ni) in the CoPSe/NiP0.24Se1.76, as proved by preliminary theoretical calculations, strengthens the chemical bonding between Co/Ni and coordinating atoms, thereby enhancing the chemical stability. Simultaneously, the CoPSe/NiP0.24Se1.76 in‐plane multi‐heterostructures can not only alleviate the volume change during the charge–discharge process but also expose more active sites, promoting the adsorption of OH− ions, which is conducive to the rapid redox reaction kinetics of the CoPSe/NiP0.24Se1.76, and consequently, it delivers a remarkable reversible capacity and excellent long‐term cycle stability with 97.7% initial capacitance retention over 16 000 cycles. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitors with this cathode demonstrate outstanding rate capability and high energy density. This strategy of constructing biphase‐coupled CoPSe/NiP0.24Se1.76 by topological transformation is of great potential application for the high‐performance electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global reliance on fossil fuel combustion for energy production has contributed to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, creating significant global climate challenges. In this regard, direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 from the atmosphere has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to counteract the harmful effects on the environment, and the further development and commercialization of this technology will play a pivotal role in achieving the goal of net‐zero emissions by 2050. Among various DAC adsorbents, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential due to their high porosity and ability to reversibly adsorb CO2 at low concentrations. However, the adsorption efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of these materials must be improved to be widely deployed as DAC sorbents. To that end, this perspective provides a critical discussion on several types of benchmark MOFs that have demonstrated high CO2 capture capacities, including an assessment of their stability, CO2 capture mechanism, capture‐release cycling behavior, and scale‐up synthesis. It then concludes by highlighting limitations that must be addressed for these MOFs to go from the research laboratory to implementation in DAC devices on a global scale so they can effectively mitigate climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite major advances in efficiency, the operational stability of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices remains poor. Therefore, understanding the degradation mechanisms and identifying potential solutions to improve device stability is critical to enabling the widespread commercialization of OPVs. Herein, simple filtration of the PBDB‐T:ITIC photoactive layer (PAL) solution prior to film deposition is demonstrated to enhance OPV device operational stability without compromising initial device performance. The effect of filtration, a commonly used but poorly understood OPV fabrication step, is investigated using a range of chemical, structural, and optoelectronic methods, on solutions and films. Filtration is found to remove large aggregates from solution without disrupting nanoscale preaggregation, resulting in enhanced acceptor ordering in PBDB‐T:ITIC thin films, significantly improving morphological stability and photostability. This simple and facile method is confirmed to be a general strategy that also works for other PBDB‐T‐containing OPV blends, including Y6‐based systems, and highlights how subtle changes in morphology can result in dramatic differences in operational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rewritable wearables based on photochromism have emerged as attractive candidates in inkless printing applications. Among various photochromic materials, polyoxometalates have great potential for rewritable wearables, with major advantages in fast response upon UV irradiation, long‐term photochemical stability, and excellent fatigue resistance. However, the development of rewritable wearables based on polyoxometalates is limited by low combining fastness, weak stability, and poor scalability. Here, a scalable strategy is reported to fabricate an ideal rewritable wearable based on fundamental charge balance mechanism. The pristine cotton substrate is grafted by cationic polymer brushes to incorporate photochromic phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) anions through electrostatic attraction, and then the cationic surfactants with alkyl chains are introduced to encapsulate the PMoA anions to achieve charge balance subsequently. The resultant rewritable wearables display the long‐awaited properties, such as high color contrast, favorable reversibility (>10 cycles), long color retention (>15 days) and high stability against detergent and sweat (pH 6.5–8.0) during repeated washing (50 cycles) and wearing. As a demonstration, a rewritable T‐shirt is scalably fabricated, and excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility are demonstrated as well, which is expected to be a sustainable solution for regular fabric printing in household products and public display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskite wafers have shown significant potential in large‐area X‐ray detection and imaging. However, a distinct difference in optical transparency between state‐of‐the‐art perovskite wafers and single crystals indicates the inferior crystal quality of perovskite wafers, which limits the performance and stability of wafer‐based X‐ray detectors. Here, nano‐sized MAPbBr3 powders are utilized to fabricate dense perovskite wafers by low‐temperature hot‐pressing with high transparency above 60% within the 552–800 nm wavelength range. Adjacent nanocrystals assemble following the ordered coalescence mechanism, resulting in the exclusion of nanoscopic pores and crystallographic reorientation. The transparent MAPbBr3 wafer‐based detectors achieve an impressively high X‐ray sensitivity of 1.14 × 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 149 nGyair s−1, which is superior to opaque MAPbBr3 wafer detectors (5.64 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and 316.7 nGyair s−1) and comparable to MAPbBr3 single‐crystal detectors. Moreover, the detectors demonstrate high uniformity and outstanding stability under continuous X‐ray irradiation of a total dose of up to 5.9 Gyair, equaling to 29 500 times posteroanterior chest examinations. The high sensitivity and low detection limit of the detectors lead to clear X‐ray imaging performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) driven by renewable energy is a promising technology for the removal of nitrate‐containing wastewater. However, the sluggish kinetics resulted from the complex proton‐coupled electron transfer and various intermediates remain the key barriers for large‐scale application of NO3RR. Herein, a tactic is reported to raise rate of NO3RR and increase selectivity to N2 using bimetal catalyst: Co is inclined to act on the key steps needed in NO3RR process, rate‐determining step (RDS: *NO3 to *NO2, the asterisk means intermediates) and the subsequent *N hydrogenation as well as Fe exhibits the efficient activity for the selectivity‐ determining step (SDS: *NO to *N then to N2) via a relay catalysis mechanism. A removal efficiency of 78.5% and an ultra‐long cycle stability of 60 cycles (12 h per cycle) are achieved on FeCo alloy confined with nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanofibers (FeCo‐NPCNFs). DFT calculations unveil that the introduction of Co active site not only regulates the d‐band center of FeCo alloy, optimizes the adsorption of intermediates, but also has a strong capacity to supply active hydrogen species. Clearly, this study elucidates the effects of bimetallic relay catalysis on the performance of electrocatalytic NO3RR and offers avenues for designing Fe‐based catalysts to realize the nitrogen‐neutral cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the striking increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lead‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their poor operational stability impedes their commercialization. Among the various factors that influence device stability, ion migration has been identified as a key driver of degradation. In this work, the focus is on studying ion migration‐induced degradation in inverted architecture PSCs, which employ either a thin polymer layer or a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) for hole extraction. It is demonstrated that the difference in texture imposed by the use of these hole transport layers (HTL) is an important and thus far inconspicuous factor that impacts ion migration, and consequently device stability. By investigating the buried interface in detail, it is revealed that its texture has a strong impact on the vertical compositional stratification in the perovskite active layer. By monitoring bias‐induced ion migration in devices with different hole extraction layers, it is demonstrated that the smooth polymer‐based HTL results in a higher degree of ion migration than the rough SAM HTL, corresponding to a stronger degradation in the former. These results further indicate that the use of SAMs for hole extraction is a promising strategy to suppress ion migration and improve device efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of lead‐halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) into full‐color microarrays presents numerous advantages for full‐color micro‐LED displays. There is an urgent requirement for a new design approach that simplifies the creation of durable PQD/polymer composites to produce stable PQD microarrays. Here, mono‐2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate (MMeS) is utilized as a functional ligand to synthesize green MMeS‐modified CsPbBr3 PQDs (M‐CPB PQDs). The subsequent photopolymerization of M‐CPB PQDs with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) forms a CsPbBr3 PQD/polymer composite. This composite exhibits a solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield of 73.1%, and the photoluminescence intensity retains 72% of its original value after 17 days of continuous immersion in water. Stable green PQD/polymer microarrays can be printed using an ink containing M‐CPB PQDs, HDDA, diphenyl (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide, and n‐dodecane via electrohydrodynamic jet printing and in situ polymerization under UV light irradiation. Full‐color patterns can also be generated with MMeS‐modified red, green, and blue PQDs. These findings highlight the critical role of functionalizing the surface ligands of PQDs to improve their processability, thereby facilitating the development of stable PQD/polymer microarrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of Ag electrodes in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is prevalent; however, their inherent reactivity and corrosive characteristics toward perovskite materials often lead to significant stability concerns. Here, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐1h‐imidazolium 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (EM) ionic liquid is designed and introduce it into the bathocuproine (BCP) barrier layer to mitigate the potential chemical corrosion of the Ag electrode by the perovskite layer. EM forms multiple interaction modes through the coordination of two types of bonds, C─N, C═N, and C─S, and chelation with Ag, resulting in the formation of a dense chemical anti‐corrosion layer on the Ag surface. By raising the Ag electrode's corrosion potential and decreasing its corrosion current, the occurrence of chemical reactions and corrosion of the Ag electrode by the perovskite layer is effectively suppressed. Additionally, the ionized EM optimizes the band structure and conductivity of BCP and enhances the electron transfer capability at the electron transport layer/Ag interface. The BCP:EM‐based inverted PSCs exhibit an efficiency of 25.11% and excellent stability. Under continuous operation at 45 °C and one sun illumination, the encapsulated device maintains 85.6% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h at the maximum power point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeNiOOH is regarded as the most stable active species in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but the high oxidation energy of NiOOH poses a challenge to directly synthesize FeNiOOH as a real OER catalyst. Herein, an anion‐mediated kinetically controlled strategy is proposed, coupled with cation‐induced geometric topology modulation, to directly synthesis FeNiOOH with ultra‐thin, densely packed nanosheet architectures. Specifically, the Cl−‐mediated in situ generation of hypochlorous acid promotes the direct formation of NiFeOOH. Concurrently, high‐valence competitive Ru3+ mitigate electrostatic repulsion, fostering a compact and densely packed assembly of Ru/FeNiOOH nanosheet branches. Furthermore, the intrinsic electron‐capturing ability of FeOOH, in synergy with the stabilizing effect of doped Ru atoms, further promote the formation and stabilization high‐valence NiOOH. Consequently, the hierarchical Ru/FeNiOOH@NiPOx nanoarray catalyst displays exceptional OER performance, with an overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability. This study provides a novel strategy to directly construct a real catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of various defects within the electron transport layer (ETL), the perovskite (PVK) layer, and their interfaces significantly affects the efficiency, hysteresis, and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in n–i–p structure. Herein, a defect passivation strategy employing potassium 4‐methoxysalicylate (MSAK) is utilized to efficiently modulate the defects in the ETL, PVK, and ETL/PVK interface. The functional groups −COO− and −OH in MSAK molecules, along with the K+ cations, effectively reduce the defects of tin oxide (SnO2) and improve the electron transport properties. Importantly, the MSAK‐SnO2 provides a favorable substrate for the growth of highly crystallization and dense perovskite layers. The MSAK molecules also significantly passivate the bottom interface defects of the PVK layer by coordinating with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions. Furthermore, K+ cations can migrate into the PVK layer, further enhancing crystallization and improving the photovoltaic performance of PSC devices. PSCs fabricated using the defect passivation strategy based on MSAK achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.47%, alongside reduced hysteresis and enhanced stability. After being stored under ambient conditions for 60 days, the device with MSAK maintains nearly 90% of its initial PCE, whereas the PCE of the pristine device decreases to 69.7% after aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D Ruddlesden─Popper (RP) halide perovskites are attracting increasing research interest due to their enhanced stability compared to 3D perovskites. However, the quantum confinement effect of bulk organic spacers hinders the separation and transport of photo‐generated carriers. Here, a multiple aromatic ring spacer, 3‐benzothiophene methylammonium (BTMA), is developed for a new 2D RP perovskite. The BTMA spacer is demonstrated, with a significant dipole moment, can impair the influence of the quantum confinement effect, and the presence of S atoms or thiophene is favorable for enhancing the interaction between organic spacers and inorganic sheets, improving the stability of perovskites. The perovskite photodetector with BTMA as spacers displays higher device performance than the control sample with 1‐naphthalene methylammonium (NMA) as spacers. Importantly, the outstanding stability of BTMA‐based perovskite films and devices is also confirmed under moisture, heat, and illumination conditions. Combining the asymmetric coplanar nanogap electrode architecture, the photodetectors' enhanced responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency of 314 A W−1, 3.4 × 1013 Jones, and 865%, respectively, are demonstrated. Importantly, the nanogap photodetectors display promising self‐power characteristics, which makes them attractive for numerous energy‐efficient applications. The work highlights a new route toward developing high‐performance 2D RP perovskite‐based photodetectors with excellent long‐term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoelectrochemical performance of Ta3N5 photoanodes is strongly impacted by the presence of shallow and deep defects within the bandgap. However, the role of such states in defining stability under operational conditions is not well understood. Here, a highly controllable synthesis approach is used to create homogenous Ta3N5 thin films with tailored defect concentrations to establish the relationship between atomic‐scale point defects and macroscale stability. Reduced oxygen contents increase long‐range structural order but lead to high concentrations of deep‐level states, while higher oxygen contents result in reduced structural order but beneficially passivate deep‐level defects. Despite the different defect properties, the synthesized photoelectrodes degrade similarly under water oxidation conditions due to the formation of a surface oxide layer that blocks interfacial hole injection and accelerates charge recombination. In contrast, under ferrocyanide oxidation conditions, it is found that Ta3N5 films with high oxygen concentrations exhibit long‐term stability, whereas those possessing lower oxygen contents and higher deep‐level defect concentrations rapidly degrade. These results indicate that deep‐level defects result in rapid trapping of photocarriers and surface oxidation but that shallow oxygen donors can be introduced into Ta3N5 to enable kinetic stabilization of the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organometal halide perovskites (HP) present exceptional optoelectronic properties, but their poor long‐term stability is a major bottleneck for their commercialization. Herein, a solvent‐free approach to growing single‐crystal organic nanowires (ONW) is presented, along with nanoporous metal oxide scaffolds and HP, to form a core@multishell architecture. The synthesis is carried out under mild vacuum conditions employing thermal evaporation for the metal‐free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) nanowires, which are the core, plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the TiO2 shell, and co‐evaporation of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I/MAI) for the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3/MAPI) perovskite shell. A detailed characterization of the nanostructures by electron microscopy, (S)‐TEM, and X‐ray diffraction, XRD, is presented, revealing a different crystallization of the HP depending on the template: while the growth on H2Pc nanowires induces the typical MAPI tetragonal structure, a low‐dimensional phase (LDP) is observed on the 1D‐TiO2 nanotubes. Such a combination yields an unprecedentedly stable photoluminescence emission over 20 h and over 300 h after encapsulation in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) under different atmospheres including N2, air, and high moisture levels. Moreover, the unique 1D morphology of the system, together with the high refractive index, allows for a strong waveguiding effect along the HP nanowire length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention in both academia and industry, benefiting from the superiorities of high efficiency, low cost, and simplified fabrication process. Importantly, long‐term stability is essential for practical industrialization; however, the stability challenge remains a significant impediment. Notably, stability is an essential prerequisite for practical applications. Unfortunately, as the device area increases, even to the module level, the efficiency gradually diminishes, and the stability deteriorates. This review summarizes the advances in perovskite photovoltaic technology stability from comprehensive perspectives, including the atomic‐scale, grain boundary, film morphology, interface, charge transport layer, electrode, laser etching, and module encapsulation. First, the review highlights the ongoing importance of stability in the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Then, the review presents the stability challenge and explores the relationship between efficiency and stability in large‐area photovoltaic modules, shedding light on the stability issue. Later, the review explains the stability issue in terms of structure, chemistry, interfaces, device design, operation, and external environment, and proposes stability strategies ranging from the atomic‐scale to module encapsulation. Finally, the review emphasizes various improvement strategies, particularly multilevel synergistic optimization, offering fundamental guidance for the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active and robust electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of crucial importance for efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM‐WE). Ruthenium (Ru) oxide has attracted considerable attention due to its high activity. However, the unsatisfying stability of Ru oxide in acidic OER environments hinders the application. Here, Ce‐doped RuO2 nanoparticles are designed and supported on Co─N─C material (Ce@RuO2/CoNC) for acidic OER. It is demonstrated that Ce@RuO2/CoNC delivers a super low overpotential of 150 mV and an excellent stability of 1000 h at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming most previously reported Ru‐based catalysts. The mass activity is estimated as 2365.5 AgRu−1 at 1.5 V (vs RHE), representing ≈2× advance compared to the best prior study. Furthermore, applied in a single‐cell PEM‐WE device, it can steadily operate for 1000 h at 200 mA cm−2. The studies show that Ce‐doping and Co─N─C support synergistically enhance the activity and stability of Ru oxide by optimizing the free energies of OER intermediates and suppressing the dissolution of Ru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UV radiation presents a substantial challenge to the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), limiting their applications in harsh environments such as outer space. Herein, UV‐resistant molecule octinoxate (OCT) is introduced to mitigate the adverse effects of UV irradiation. OCT additive demonstrates the capability to modulate the crystallization process, resulting in perovskite films with larger grains and enhanced crystallinity. Moreover, OCT doping also facilitates charge extraction in PSCs. The PSCs with OCT doping exhibit an enhanced efficiency, increasing from 22.46% to 24.64%, along with improved stability with a T85 of 1000 h under continuous light exposure. Functioning as a sunscreen material, OCT mitigates UV‐induced degradation by absorbing irradiation and hindering I2 escape. Even after continuous exposure to 18.7 kWh m−2 UV illumination, the OCT‐doped PSCs maintain over 92% of their initial efficiency, meeting the 15 kWh m−2 UV exposure requirement specified in the IEC:61215 PV robustness testing standard. This study offers a straightforward approach to enhance the durability of PSCs under UV radiation, opening avenues for their application in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal Zn anode encounters uncontrolled dendrite growth, resulting in poor cycling stability and low coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, a novel approach for oriented‐electrochemical etching of Zn (ECE‐Zn) in deep eutectic solvent (DES) is presented to adjust the interface concentration and electric fields, effectively mitigating intractable issues. The oriented etches off the crystal edges between the (002), (100), and (101) principal crystal planes of commercial Zn foil, subsequently etches the (100) and (101) crystal planes, resulting in the formation well‐organized Zn columns. Comprehensive experimental investigations and theoretical analyses reveal that Zn ions directionally nucleate and grow between Zn columns, enabling epitaxial growth at the (002) crystal plane. The ECE‐Zn‐2 anodes demonstrate remarkable stability, along with low nucleation and polarization voltages. Specifically, the symmetric ECE‐Zn‐2 cells show sustained operation for 5400 h, and long‐term 10 000 cycles at 40 mA cm−2. More significantly, the asymmetric cells exhibit an average CE as high as 99.92% over 6000 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2. When assembled with a V2O5 cathode, a high retention of 81.5% can be maintained even under severe condition (N/P ratio of 7.35). This strategy of oriented‐electrochemical etching for commercial Zn opens up a new pathway for dendrite‐free Zn metal anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic thermoelectric materials have attracted increasing attention because of their high flexibility and high Seebeck coefficient. However, their insufficient thermoelectric performance and long‐standing processing limit their practical applications. To achieve exotic ionic thermoelectric materials, here, a graphene oxide (GO) modified acrylamide ionogel is designed with high thermoelectric performance and flexibility. Detailed structural characterizations confirm that the uniform dispersion of GO particles in the ionogel structure enables a power factor of 753.0 µW m−1 K−2 and a promising ZT value of 0.19. Additionally, the as‐prepared ionic thermoelectric thin film shows excellent flexibility, stretchability, and self‐adhesiveness. An integrated device, assembled by the as‐prepared ionogel films, can generate an optimal output power density of 1.32 mW cm−2 with a temperature difference of 20 K, indicating great potential for wearable electronics. This work provides insight for searching long‐term, high‐performance ionic thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core component of sandwich‐like perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the quality of perovskite layer is a challenge for further progress in PSCs due to the unfavorable defects and uncontrollable crystallization. Here, a surface post‐treatment strategy employing ethyl thioglycolate (ET) as ligand molecule is developed for property manipulation of perovskite films. ET can lower surface energy of perovskite facets and induces secondary growth of grains, giving films with higher crystallinity and lower defect density. Meanwhile, both carbonyl and sulfhydryl in ET can bind to the Pb2+, thus forming bidentate anchoring on the surface for defect passivation. Besides, the perovskite/ET/C60 interface presents improved charge transfer owing to the well‐aligned energy levels. Consequently, the power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) is boosted to 22.42% and 23.56% (certified 23.29%) for the FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 and FA0.9MA0.05Cs0.05Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3 PSCs, respectively, and the FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3‐based PSC with a larger area (1.03 cm2) delivers a PCE of 20.01%. Importantly, ET demonstrates effective management of I2 and PbI2, thereby preventing accelerated degradation and lead leakage of devices. Thanks to the multiple effects of ET, the resulting devices exhibit significantly enhanced ambient stability over a course of 800 h, and a thermal stability of over 1500 h while maintaining 80.4% of its original efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising candidates for next‐generation X‐ray detectors due to their facile and low‐cost processability, high attenuation coefficient, and tunable optoelectrical properties. In this work, quasi‐2D Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) perovskites are introduced in a flat panel X‐ray imager (FPXI) for X‐ray imaging. This study demonstrates that the diammonium interlayers in DJ perovskites play a key role in enhancing structural stability, suppressing ion migration, and improving charge transport. As a result, DJ perovskite‐based X‐ray FPXIs achieve a sensitivity of 18000 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, a low detection limit of 5.7 nGyair s−1, representing performance comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art 3D perovskite FPXIs. Thanks to the decrease in the signal crosstalk effect of the FPXIs, a high spatial resolution of 0.54 line‐pair‐per‐pixel is achieved, which is higher than that of 3D perovskite FPXIs. Remarkably, high‐quality X‐ray imaging is achieved at a total dose of 20 µGyair, which is only 1/5 of the dose typically used in commercial equipment. This work not only provides valuable insights and guidance for the fabrication of 2D DJ perovskite X‐ray detectors but also lays the groundwork for the adoption of high‐performance, stable DJ perovskite imagers as novel flat‐panel X‐ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A profitable approach for improving the stability of n‐i‐p planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) is developing dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) with desirable intrinsic charge transport properties. In this work, by adopting a metal‐free catalytic intramolecular C─C coupling reaction, a carbazole dimer‐based fused‐ring is synthesized, and further developed a small molecular dopant‐free HTM abbreviated as NCz‐DM with appropriate energy level, excellent hole transport and film formation properties. Applied in n‐i‐p planar PSC, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.0% is achieved, together with enhanced humidity, thermal and light stability, which is among the high level of ever‐reported results for PSCs utilizing small molecular dopant‐free HTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insufficient catalytic activity and stability of oxygen electrodes are major challenges for the widespread use of reversible solid oxide cells (Re‐SOCs). Here, a Ruddlesden‐Popper‐structured high‐entropy La1.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cu0.2O4±δ (RP‐LSCFNMC) oxygen electrode with fast oxygen reduction and emission reaction kinetics, inhibited Sr segregation and favorable thermal expansion efficient is reported. A Re‐SOC with the RP‐LSCFNMC oxygen electrode achieves an encouraging peak power density of 1.74 W cm−2 in the fuel cell mode and a remarkable current density of 2.10 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in the water electrolysis mode at 800 °C. The Re‐SOC also shows excellent stability, with no Sr segregation observed after 120 h of testing in both the fuel cell and electrolysis modes at 750 °C. Furthermore, the improved activity and stability of the RP‐LSCFNMC oxygen electrode are confirmed through a combination of experiments and density functional theory‐based calculations. These findings make the high‐entropy RP‐LSCFNMC oxide a promising oxygen electrode candidate for advanced Re‐SOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving both high efficiency and stability in organic solar cells (OSCs) remains a significant challenge. Inverted structure OSCs, compared to those with a normal structure, show great potential for combining high efficiency with enhanced stability. However, despite their improved stability, the efficiencies of inverted OSCs still lag behind those of conventional structure OSCs, largely due to the performance of electron transport layers (ETLs). Herein, a water‐soluble hybrid ETL is developed by modifying SnO2 nanoparticles with an aqueous potassium carboxylate salt, PMA. This modification effectively passivates the oxygen vacancy defects in the SnO2 nanoparticles and eliminates the light soaking issue observed in the control device. As a result, the PM6:Y6‐based device shows an improvement in efficiency from 16.68% to 17.85% with PMA modification. Notably, an exceptional efficiency of 19.07% is achieved for the PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based device using this hybrid ETL, marking the highest efficiency reported to date for single‐junction inverted OSCs. In addition, all tested OSCs with the hybrid ETL demonstrate superior stability under both thermal and light illumination at the maximum power point compared to the control devices. Furthermore, utilizing this water‐processed hybrid ETL, a large‐area module based on PM6:BO‐4Cl is fabricated and shows an outstanding efficiency of 15.02%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is of vital importance because it dominates deep‐level defects and non‐radiative recombination, thus impacting both efficiency and stability further. Herein, a symmetrical acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) conjugated molecule with the core architecture of terthieno[3,2‐b hiophene and 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1 H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile, named 6TIC, as a versatile buffer layer, is adopted to enhance photovoltaic performance and stability simultaneously. It is found that the conjugated molecule filling at grain boundaries and surface can not only chemically anchor with perovskite components to substantially eliminate interfacial defects and suppress detestable non‐radiative recombination, but also effectively improve the energy level alignment and facilitate charge transfer efficiency at the interface, resulting in an excellent power conversion efficiency of 24.81% with an admirable fill factor of 84.5%. Furthermore, benefiting from the unexceptionable surface protection effect of the hydrophobic buffer layer, greatly improved operational stability is delivered, with retaining 90% of initial efficiency for 960 h aging in a relative humidity of 60 ± 5% air and 1450 h aging under continuous 85 °C heating stress. This strategy may provide a new avenue for advancing high‐efficiency and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the Br‐rich in situ synthesis of blue‐emitting 2D CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with various Br/Pb ratios using ZnBr2 as a Br precursor to enhance Br ion adsorption significantly. This leads to effective passivation of surface defects, particularly Pb−Br bonds, by increasing the positive charge density around Pb atoms, thus creating a stable bonding environment and reducing defect formation. Consequently, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) improves from 31.15% for a Br/Pb ratio of 2 to 87.2% for a ratio of 6. NPLs with a Br/Pb ratio of 6 also exhibit longer lifetimes (16.69 ns) and slower bleach recovery dynamics, indicating fewer non‐radiative recombination pathways and effective exciton dynamics. Additionally, NPLs with the Br/Pb ratio of 6 demonstrated better thermal stability, with an activation energy of 124.3 meV, indicating stronger exciton binding. These NPLs also exhibited enhanced stability, with UV tolerance at 43.9% and water resistance at 23.8%, making them suitable for displays and lighting. Furthermore, Br‐passivated CsPbBr3 NPLs are used as blue emitters in prototype white LEDs, achieving a wide color gamut, 126.6% of the National Television Standards Committee and 94.5% of Rec. 2020, demonstrating their potential for high‐quality lighting and advanced display technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dion–Jacobson‐type 2D halide perovskites (DJPs) present an ideal alternative to their 3D counterparts due to their superior stability and exceptional optoelectronic properties. Despite the numerous DJPs proposed in recent years, the impact of different spacer cations on DJPs remains unclear. This understanding is crucial for researchers to select suitable materials and is an urgent requirement for the development of higher‐performance DJPs‐based devices. In this study, the influence of the chain‐like spacer cations with varying branch chains and chain lengths is thoroughly examined using both theoretical and experimental methods. The findings reveal that spacer cations with high polarity components along the main chain direction enhance the stability and photoelectric properties of DJPs. Additionally, it is found that the chain length of the spacer cation plays a critical role. Chain lengths that are too long or too short can detrimentally affect the photoelectric performance and stability of DJPs. These insights will guide researchers in selecting suitable spacer cations and in innovating new types of DJPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent additives are pivotal for enhancing the morphology, efficiency, and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the widely used additive, 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO), has drawbacks like harmful halogen content and potential OSC degradation. To address these issues, novel non‐halogenated, thienyl‐alkyl‐thienyl structural solvent additives—DTP, DTH, and DTN—featuring varying alkyl linker lengths of (CH2)3, (CH2)6, and (CH2)9, respectively are introduced. Additives with longer alkyl linkers, DTH and DTN, effectively dissolve and strongly interact with both the donor polymer PM6 and acceptor L8‐BO. This dual interaction enables precise tuning of their microstructures, resulting in enhanced crystallinity. Upon incorporating DTH as an additive in OSCs (PM6:L8‐BO), a minimal voltage loss is observed, leading to an impressive efficiency of 18.51%, surpassing the 17.90% achieved with DIO. Furthermore, DTH‐based devices demonstrated superior photostability. In a ternary blend system (PM6:D18‐Cl:L8‐BO), an efficiency of 19.07% is attained, outperforming previous non‐halogenated solvent additive‐based OSCs. Furthermore, employing a non‐halogenated processing solvent combination of toluene and carbon disulfide, a high PCE of 18.82% is achieved. These results underscore the efficacy of designing solvent additives with aromatic and alkyl units, enabling tailored interactions with the donor and acceptor, thereby presenting a robust strategy for optimizing OSC performance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed‐halide perovskites are emerging as excellent photovoltaic candidates because of their tunable bandgaps for semitransparent and tandem perovskite solar cells. However, the notorious film quality originated from the rapidly downward crystallization process susceptibly propagates enormous detrimental defects, which deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and accelerate halide segregation. To address this issue, herein, a multilayer alkalis‐intercalated‐vermiculite is employed as pre‐buried interface modifier to regulate the perovskite lattice property. The matchable lattice structure between perovskite and vermiculite by forming Pb─O bond not only releases the interfacial strain during the film growth but also the embedded alkalis ions can gradually diffuse into perovskite lattice to form a favorable vertical gradient owing to the weak interlamellar van der Waals interaction, playing bis‐roles of atomical lubricant and ion‐reservoir to eliminate detrimental defects. As a result, the film quality and lattice stability is significantly improved with suppressed phase segregation for mixed‐halide perovskites, accompanying a champion efficiency of 11.42% for carbon‐based CsPbIBr2 device, 15.25% for carbon‐based CsPbI2Br device and 23.17% for p‐i‐n inverted (Cs0.05MA0.05FA0.9)Pb(I0.93Br0.07)3 cell. This work provides a new strategy on buried interface engineering for making high‐efficiency and stable perovskite platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the swift development in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), great concerns regarding environmental vulnerability propose a big challenge for their long‐term operational stability. Herein, a novel functionalized ultraviolet (UV) conversion small molecule, Coumarin 153 (C153), is judiciously introduced into perovskite precursor to effectively enhance device efficiency and operational stability against UV radiation. It is found that the uncoordinated Pb2+ and A‐site vacancies of perovskite can be successfully fixed through Lewis acid–base coordination and hydrogen bonding upon C153 treatment, resulting in a stabilized structure with remarkably reduced intrinsic defects. Concurrently, the incremental visible light absorption derived from the down‐conversion effect of C153 molecules together with the optimized energy level arrangement contribute to the substantially enhanced photocurrent of the device. As a result, the resultant device delivers a champion efficiency of 24.73%, accompanied by greatly improved operational stability against environments, with retaining over 90% of initial PCE for ≈380, ≈1400, and 1710 h aging under continuous UV radiation, heating stress, and illumination, respectively. This work provides an effective and feasible strategy toward high‐efficiency and environment‐stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategically designed donor–acceptor (D‐A) block copolymer (PM6‐b‐PYIT) is introduced, as a compatibilizer to enhance the performance and stability of inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) consisting of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) of PM6 and L8‐BO. The PM6‐b‐PYIT compatibilizer not only significantly boosts the power conversion efficiency from 16.32% to 18.02%, but also further modulates the molecular arrangement and improves the compatibility between donor and acceptor materials. This stems from the structural similarity between the copolymer and the host materials, which facilitates ordered molecular stacking and superior charge‐transporting properties, thereby improving the dielectric constant and built‐in voltage and mitigating excessive charge recombination. More importantly, the role of the compatibilizer in stabilizing the BHJ morphology under long‐term aging conditions is highlighted, ascribed to the improved miscibility between different components in the BHJ composite. This in turn renders the photoactive layer more mechanically durable, making it suitable for stretchable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing non‐radiative recombination caused by defects at buried interfaces is crucial to the development of efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, supramolecular cucurbit[5]uril (CB[5]) is introduced into the SnO2 layer, where it engages in host–guest interactions to suppress oxygen vacancies in SnO2, prevent particle aggregation, and enhance the electron mobility of SnO2. By serving as a bridging agent at the buried interface between SnO2 and the perovskite layer, CB[5] reduces the defect density and improves the carrier extraction efficiency. It also reduces the surface energy of the SnO2 substrate, facilitates the formation of large grains in the perovskite film, alleviates residual lattice stresses, and enhances the film quality. Consequently, the PSC with CB[5] shows a champion power conversion efficiency of 24.83%. Moreover, an unencapsulated device incorporating CB[5] retains more than 87% of its initial PCE under continuous illumination at the maximum power point tracking for 1000 h. This study pioneers the utilization of cucurbiturils in PSCs and provides insights into how supramolecular compounds can regulate buried interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inherent defects (lead iodide inversion and iodine vacancy) in perovskites cause non‐radiative recombination and there is also ion migration, decreasing the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices. Eliminating these inherent defects is critical for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. Herein, an organic molecule with multiple active sites (4,7‐bromo‐5,6‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐phenylpropyl thiadiazole, M4) is introduced to modify the upper interface of perovskites. When M4 interacts with the perovskite surface, the active bromine (Br) site interacts with lead (Pb) at the surface to repair iodine atomic vacancy defects. The fluorine (F) site of M4 interacts with Pb to correct octahedral crystal lattice distortions and eliminate PbI defects. Additionally, sulfur–iodine (S–I) interactions reduce I–I dimerization and eliminate IPb defects. It is also calculated that the energy level of M4 aligns with the band gap, promoting charge transfer. As a result, the perovskite devices achieve an efficiency of 25.1%, a stabilized power output (SPO) of 25.0%, a voltage of 1.19 V, and a fill factor of 85.2%. The device retains 95% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h of ageing in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thus, multi‐point cooperative passivation of surface defects provides an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure‐phase α‐formamidinium lead iodide (α‐FAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess potential high efficiency because of suitable bandgap. However, achieving high‐quality α‐FAPbI3 films during the spin‐coating process is challenging without anti‐solvent extraction, due to the spontaneous formation of the more stable δ‐FAPbI3 phase and the complexity of multi‐component perovskite precursor solutions. Here a gel precursor with an amorphous structure to eliminate the need for anti‐solvent extraction in achieving the homogeneous and highly oriented pure‐phase α‐FAPbI3 is devised films. The incorporation of N,N′‐dimethylpropyleneurea, and alkylammonium chloride results in extended iodoplumbate clusters in the perovskite precursor solution. In situ, spectroscopic analysis reveals that the emergence of the stable amorphous gel precursor during the initial solidification stage ensures a uniform solute distribution. This effectively prevents preferentially oriented growth in the crystal phase precursor, leading to a significant enhancement in film homogeneity. As a result, power conversion efficiencies of 24.17% for the PSC, and 19.3% for the module are achieved, along with superior operational stability, retaining 96.1% of their initial efficiency after 850 h at the maximum power point tracking. These demonstrate the best performance for the reported pure‐phase α‐FAPbI3 PSCs without anti‐solvent extraction, showing great promise for scalable manufacture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charge transport layers are critical components in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for achieving satisfied power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and device stability. However, these layers often bring incompatible interfaces and complex fabrication, limiting the stability and scalability of PSC technology. Here an alternative strategy of salt‐based catalyzer (SBC) is proposed to regulate the heterogeneous nucleation of perovskite, which enables uniform and well‐controlled perovskite coverage directly onto the salt‐treated substrate without electron transport layers (ETLs). By carefully adjusting the cations, anions, and the thickness of SBC, high‐quality perovskite films along with superior buried interfaces suppress the carrier recombination losses and strengthen the interfacial stability, promoting the resultant device to achieve a record PCE of 23.04%, which represents the highest reported efficiency for ETL‐free PSCs. Meanwhile, the SBC technique can be well extended to large‐area, flexible, and module‐based devices. More encouragingly, the SBC‐based unencapsulated devices exhibit remarkable operational stability by retaining over 90% of initial efficiency for 1540 h under illumination and for 6312 h in an air environment. This work provides an advisable way to fabricate efficient and stable ETL‐free PSCs toward reliable and cost‐effective production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing stretchable strain sensors with high sensitivity and stability is crucial for various applications such as prosthetic hands, human health monitoring, and human‐machine interactions. However, achieving these qualities simultaneously remains challenging. Here, an inherently stretchable strain sensor is presented that integrates ultrahigh sensitivity and robust stability, enabling stretch, press, or bend sensing capabilities. This sensor employs a softer elastomeric channel filled with liquid metal (LM) as the conductive path. A stiffer elastomer convex integrated into the channel serves as a strain‐manipulated gate, controlling opening gap of electrical current flow path. During deformation, the softer elastomer undergoes cross sectional reduction due to the Poisson effect, while the stiffer convex gate retains its geometry. This heterogeneous deformation behavior leads to significant contraction or closure of the LM channel, resulting in increased resistance and a remarkable enhancement in sensitivity by more than two orders of magnitude. The all‐soft design maintains exceptional stability even under extended or repetitive substantial deformations. With the ability to monitor subtle and large human body movements, detect grip actions of soft grippers reliably, and monitor the gradual and extended growth process of plants, this sensor holds significant potential for advancements in flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic α‐phase CsPbI3 perovskite with a suitable bandgap and superb optoelectronic properties is transforming the landscape of perovskite photovoltaics, but its long‐term lability associated with "soft" ionic lattice still imposes a great challenge for practical applications. Herein, a unique solid‐solution fluorination strategy is proposed to deliver an "ideal" perovskite matrix of α‐phase CsPbI3 abundant with F ions through interlocking the soft lattice of CsPbI3 with cubic‐phase CsF·3/2HF. Such a sublattice interlocking can not only stabilize the soft lattice of α‐phase CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals but also passivate their notorious surface defects, thereby producing a "rigid" solid‐solution‐type perovskite/fluoride CsPbI3/CsF (termed as CsPbI3:F) nanocomposite with excellent long‐term stability and a near‐unity photoluminescence efficiency. Of particular note is that these CsPbI3:F nanocomposites can work well as effective grain boundary anchors to significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells because of their F‐rich perovskite lattice, achieving a T80 stability of 1500 h under continuous maximum power point tracking and AM 1.5G illumination without the need for encapsulation. This work paves a new way to deliver perovskite materials with desirable properties for photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin halide perovskites have drawn tremendous attention in nano‐/micro‐optoelectronic devices due to their fascinating performance and capability for chip integration. Unfortunately, it is highly challenging to obtain large‐scale and chronically stable ultrathin halide perovskites for practical application. Herein, the universal low‐temperature vapor‐phase synthesis of ultrathin perovskite family materials with thickness down to 2D level and lateral size up to 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm is reported by developing a self‐limiting chemical vapor deposition strategy. The perovskite products are found to exhibit superior stability over 180 days under an air environment. The resultant photodetectors demonstrate charming optoelectronic properties such as superior responsivity (3.7 × 103 A W−1), ultrafast response time (<10 µs), and outstanding low‐level light image sensing capability. This universal perovskite synthesis strategy offers great potential for practical applications of halide perovskites in future nano‐/micro‐optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical flow cells based on gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) provide a potential means to achieve industrial‐compatible massive CO production. However, the application of flow cells is hindered by the stability issue caused by GDE hydrophilizing and electrolyte flooding. The current strategies have certain limitations in maintaining the long‐term hydrophobicity of GDE. Inspired by the superhydrophobic materials in nature, here a constructionally engineered superhydrophobic GDE is presented for boosting the stability of CO2 reduction to CO in flow cells under industrial‐compatible current densities. This superhydrophobic GDE is comprised of micro/nano‐structured CNTs/graphene composites with abundant and robust single‐atomic Ni‐Nx active sites (NiSA‐CNT@G). The unique integrated hierarchical structure with highly exposed surface area and enhanced mass/charge transfer contributes to an industrial‐scale CO partial current density of 406.5 mA cm−2 with a FECO of 96.3% in a flow cell. Notably, the robust superhydrophobic micro/nanostructure efficiently resists electrolyte flooding over the GDE during the CO2RR, thus maintaining a stable three‐phase interface. Over 70 h stability is demonstrated at an industrial‐compatible current density of 300 mA cm−2. These results open up new opportunities for industrial‐level CO production via electrochemical CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donor‐acceptor (D–A•) type luminescent organic radicals have received widespread attention as efficient doublet emitters. However, their generally low photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and limited photostability restrict their various applications. Since unraveling the relationship between structure and properties of D–A• type luminescent radicals remains a challenge, here, a series of tri(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical derivatives, which differ by the location of their ring fusion sites and nature of their heteroatoms, is synthesized. The PLQE of isomers varies by ten times as a function of ring fusion sites. In particular, the PLQE of a radical undergoing ring fusion at the carbazole 3,4‐position is as high as 98.0%. Quantum‐chemical calculations show that in the case of overlapping holes and electrons, by increasing the effective distance between the D and A moieties, the radiative transition rates of the radicals increase. Also, decreasing the electronic coupling between the charge‐transfer and local‐excited states and avoiding large geometrical distortions between the ground state (D0)_and the first excited state (D1) can significantly reduce the nonradiative transition rates. This work offers a design strategy to obtain efficient and stable luminescent radicals by modifying the sites of ring fusion, which allows control of the radiative and nonradiative transition rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elevate the performance and durability of perovskite solar cells, a holistic approach to mitigating defects throughout the device is essential. While advancements in refining top interfaces have been significant, the potential of stabilizing buried interfaces and grain boundaries has not been fully tapped. The research underscores the transformative impact of guanidine phosphate (GP), a chemical agent that converts surplus PbI2 into a low‐dimensional perovskite, thus reinforcing the stability of both buried interfaces and grain boundaries. Employing GP on quantum dot tin dioxide (QD‐SnO2) surfaces revealed an exceptional grain wrapping effect at these critical junctures, as revealed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. This novel low‐dimensional perovskite enveloping strategy not only passivates the grain boundaries but also delays the cooling of hot carriers, thereby diminishing charge carrier recombination. This strategy exhibits an enhanced power conversion efficiency, rising from 23.16% to 24.55%. Moreover, the modified device sustains over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking under one sun illumination and maintain 90% efficiency after 1400 h in moderate humidity, all achieved without the encapsulation. This breakthrough points to a robust method for augmenting perovskite solar cell, promising a more durable, and efficient solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]