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Despite the great success achieved by recently developed neural interfaces, multi‐site monitoring and regulating neural activities with high spatial and temporal selectivity remain a challenge. Here, an implantable, remotely controllable, fiber‐based ferromagnetic system permitting 3D navigation, omnidirectional steering, multiplexing neural recording, and modulation is presented. A family of fibers is fabricated that allows for the heterogeneous integration of ferromagnetic, optical, microfluidic, electrical, and electrochemical components into the proposed multifunctional neural interface. Coupling with magnetic actuation, it is demonstrated that this system can enable optical and chemical modulation of local neural activities across multiple distant regions in rodent brains, while simultaneously allowing the real‐time monitoring of neural electrophysiological and chemical activities. Furthermore, to systematically identify altered patterns of behaviors, brain activities and dopamine release during optogenetic modulation of specific nuclei in Parkinsonian animals this platform is employed. This proposed system with high spatial selectivity, multiplexing sensing and multimodal manipulating capabilities offers a versatile platform to advance both fundamental neuroscience studies and translational applications in neurologic disease treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanoparticle emitting short‐wave infrared (SWIR) light has received increased attention in the molecular imaging field due to its deeper tissue penetration, fast imaging, high sensitivity, and resolution. The simultaneously activated SWIR excited directly by an 808 nm laser and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal are found in one single‐shell nanoparticle NaErF4@NaGdF4 (Er@Gd), which is used as a dual‐modality imaging contrast agent in vivo to accurately determine the position of tumors. The conjugated cypate is then aggregated on the surface of Er@Gd@SiO2‐Cy/bovine serum albumin. With the guidance of dual modality imaging, photothermal therapy is effectively used to ablate tumors in a mouse model. The design of single‐shell nanomaterial activation of SWIR imaging and MRI signals is expected to provide a new strategy for high penetration and spatial resolution cancer theranostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging-guided photothermal therapy based on functional nanomaterials has recently received significant attention and the selection of functional materials with optimal imaging and therapy effect is extremely important. In this work, NaDyF4-based nanoparticles with varying size are synthesized by doping with different amounts of lutetium ions. To obtain an optimized material, the influence factor of magnetic resonance, X-ray attenuation, and photothermal properties are discussed in detail. Then, NaDyF4:50%Lu@Prussian blue (PB) nanocomposite is selected as the optimal functional material for T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography, and photothermal imaging-guided photothermal therapy of tumor on a small animal model, and the treatment is applied with good results. Studies also suggest that the NaDyF4:50%Lu@PB nanocomposites are biocompatibile. The selection of an optimal material from a multi-perspective study has provided an incentive for the development of an assortment of novel multifunctional materials for early cancer multifunctional diagnosis and imaging-guided photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]