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Traditional flow fields and gas diffusion layers (GDL) suffer from water flooding at the rib contact surface, resulting in mass transfer obstruction. Herein, an integrated component (i‐component) with tri‐part of the flow field, gas diffusion backing, and the microporous layer is prepared using the filter molding method to prevent flooding at the rib. The i‐component with micro‐tunnels is more compact than traditional fuel cells and has no distinct interface, significantly enhancing fuel cell performance, reducing mass transfer resistance, and improving water management. Remarkably, the mass transfer resistance of the i‐components is reduced by six times, accompanied by a 50% increase in power density (1.63 W cm−2) and a 146% surge in volume‐specific power (24 500 W L−1). Additionally, it exhibits excellent humidity tolerance in the relative humidity range of 30–100%. This method achieves large‐area i‐component (388 cm2) preparation in 0.5 h at 350 °C, which reduces time by dozens and energy consumption by over 100 times compared to the traditional method for preparing commercial GDL. The i‐component significantly enhances the mass transfer and water management capabilities of fuel cells. Hence, the i‐component provides new strategies for next‐generation fuel cells, water electrolysis, flow battery, carbon dioxide reduction, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate treatment of mass‐produced degraded batteries is desired to alleviate resource waste and environmental pollution caused by direct disposal. However, current technologies, which aim to recycle high‐value components from degraded batteries to refabricate new batteries, suffer from complex destruction‐refabrication processes and massive energy/resource inputs. Here it is found that without disassembling the degraded battery, the lost capacity is rejuvenated to its pristine state by simply applying electrical activation at a controlled voltage. It is shown that repeated application of electrical activation regenerates 22 life cycles for zinc‐ion batteries, increasing the total discharge energy by 78 times. The capacity rejuvenation by electrical activation originates from the transformation of redox‐inert Zn‐Mn‐O by‐products on the degraded cathode to redox‐active Mn‐O nanoribbons, which recovers diffusion kinetics of Zn2+/H+ charge carriers. Simultaneously, the dendrites on the degraded anode are flattened to prevent short circuits while maintaining the electrolyte integrity. The electrical activation strategy is extendable to other batteries, such as lithium batteries, promising tremendous economic and environmental benefits. Besides, electrical activation rejuvenates implanted batteries to avoid the pain and hazards of replacing degraded batteries with conventional surgeries. This work presents a general and commercially viable route to treat degraded batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highcarrier concentration and low mobility in Bi2Se3 hide thetopological surface states (TSS). In the 2D ternary topological insulator (TI) Bi2–xSbxSe3,compensatory Sb doping regulates the carrier concentration and mobility withambipolar performance, together with the ultrathin thickness; these factorsmake the TSS in the 2D ternary TI Bi2–xSbxSe3 more observable. Here, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is provided for synthesizing ultrathin Sb‐doped Bi2Se3 nanoplates with dimensions of 2–126 nm in thickness, 3–100 µm in lateral size, and an average Sb doping ranging from 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.75. Bi2–xSbxSe3 field effect transistors and Hall devices are manufactured to determine the carrier concentration and mobility of the obtained Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates. These findings demonstrate that the 2D carrier concentration for Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates can decrease up to 1.6 × 1012 cm–2. Furthermore, field‐effect mobility and Hall mobility of up to 3411 cm2 V–1s–1 and 6462 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, are realized. A strong ambipolar field effect is found in low‐carrier‐density Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates, proving that these nanostructures may be freely controlled in terms of carrier type and concentration. The synthesis of high‐quality Bi2–xSbxSe3 nanoplates with low‐carrier concentration and high‐mobility provides a platform for investigating TI characteristics more clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed‐halide perovskites show promising applications in tandem solar cells owing to their adjustable bandgap. One major obstacle to their commercialization is halide phase segregation, which results in large open‐circuit voltage deficiency and J‐V hysteresis. However, the ambiguous interplay between structural origin and phase segregation often results in aimless and unspecific optimization strategies for the device's performance and stability. An atomic scale is directly figured out the abundant Ruddlesden‐Popper anti‐phase boundaries (RP‐APBs) within a CsPbIBr2 polycrystalline film and revealed that phase segregation predominantly occurs at RP‐APB‐enriched interfaces due to the defect‐mediated lattice strain. By compensating their structural lead halide, such RP‐APBs are eliminated, and the decreasing of strain can be observed, resulting in the suppression of halide phase segregation. The present work provides the deciphering to precisely regulate the perovskite atomic structure for achieving photo‐stable mixed halide wide‐bandgap perovskites of high‐efficiency tandem solar cell commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaTiO3 thin films emerge as a highly promising material platform for integrated photonics due to their outstanding electro‐optic properties and diverse functionalities. Despite extensive studies, there remains a notable gap in the understanding of the intricate relationship between the phase structure, domain switching kinetics and electro‐optic performance of these materials. By controlling the structural phase evolution, it is possible to gain deep insights into the physical mechanisms underlying the electro‐optic performance. Here, the phase constitution of BaTiO3 epitaxial thin films is successfully tuned by the insertion of a GdScO3 buffer layer. Continuous polarization rotation paths are observed from an out‐of‐plane tetragonal‐like phase, to an intermediate rhombohedral‐like phase, and finally an in‐plane tetragonal‐like phase, achieving an enhanced effective electro‐optic coefficient of 175 pm V−1 compared to unbuffered films. Furthermore, by in situ second harmonic generation microscopy and electro‐optic measurements, the domain switching behaviors in both statistical and spatially resolved manners are examined, resulting in a clear delineation of the key domain nucleation processes. The in‐depth explorations of these structural mechanisms and kinetics inform the rational design of strong electro‐optic thin films and help in the realization of high‐performance integrated photonic devices such as electro‐optic modulators and multilevel phase shifters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In chemistry, biology, and materials science, ice‐mediated reactions and ice‐template assembly techniques are garnering increasing attention due to their unique advantages. Such approaches not only offer deep insights into the fundamental roles of ice in nature but also pave new avenues for various applications. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms and applications of ice‐mediated reactions and assembly. It begins by examining the principles of ice‐mediated reactions, particularly how certain chemical reactions are accelerated in the micro‐environment of ice through freeze‐concentration and freeze‐potential effects, and the relationship between the surface structure and properties of ice and chemical reactions. This work then studies significant chemical reactions within the realms of environmental, biological, and materials science engineering, shedding light on the role of ice in these reactions. Furthermore, this work explores the fundamentals of ice templating in material assembly, describe the main ice‐templating methods, and highlight the ice‐templated materials along with their diverse applications. This work concludes by summarizing the prospective challenges and untapped potentials in the field of ice‐mediated reactions and assembly. This review not only accentuates the transformative impact of ice‐mediated techniques in scientific domains but also serves as an useful guide for future research initiatives and practical applications in this burgeoning field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive daytime radiative cooling dissipates heat from surfaces by reflecting sunlight and emitting infrared radiation to the cold outer space, featuring a zero‐energy consumption. Polymer‐dielectric radiative cooling coatings have received significant attention because of their scalable preparation, low cost, and ease of use. However, current dielectric scatterers reveal limited solar reflectance in the polymer‐dielectric coatings due to the optical crowding, which reduces cooling effect and hinders practical application. Employing a scalable emulsion templated method, reversed yolk–shell dielectric scatterers (RYSS) are developed to alleviate optical crowding effects in polymer‐dielectric coatings. This results in coatings with a solar reflectance of ≈97.4% and an infrared emittance of ≈96.9%, while achieving a substantial reduction in scatterers content. Besides, simulation results show that RYSS outperforms core–shell, hollow, and solid scatterers in enhancing solar reflectance. Using phase change materials as emulsion templates, RYSS with high heat storage effectively enhance daytime cooling and reduce nighttime over‐cooling. Moreover, cooling experiments on concentrating photovoltaics demonstrate a temperature drop of 42 °C (≈26.2 times extension of lifetime) and a notable 22% increase in open‐circuit voltage. This work suggests that RYSS presents a promising solution to overcome the challenges of radiative cooling materials and pave the way for their practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wadsley–Roth phase niobium‐based oxides show potential as anode candidates for fast‐charging lithium‐ion batteries. Traditional synthesis methods, however, usually involve a time‐consuming calcination process, resulting in poor production efficiency. Herein, a novel carbothermal shock (CTS) method that enables the ultra‐fast synthesis of various Wadsley–Roth phase Nb‐based oxides within seconds is introduced. The extremely rapid heating rates enabled by CTS alter the reaction mechanism from a sluggish solid‐state process to a swift liquid‐phase assisted one and drive the chemical reactions away from equilibrium, thereby generating abundant oxygen vacancies and dislocations. Theoretical calculations reveal that oxygen vacancies significantly lower the energy barrier for Li+ diffusion and enhance the intrinsic electronic conductivity. Moreover, dislocations help convert the surface tensile stress arising from Li+ intercalation into compressive stress, effectively improving the structural integrity during cycling. Notably, this approach can also be applied to synthesize LiFePO4 cathode materials under ambient conditions, eliminating the requirement for inert atmospheres. Consequently, the CTS‐synthesized Nb14W3O44||LiFePO4 battery demonstrates reversible structural evolution validated by in situ XRD and exceptional cycling ability (e.g., 0.0065% capacity decay per cycle at 4 A g−1 over 3000 cycles). Importantly, the Nb14W3O44||LiFePO4 configuration also shows enhanced thermal stability in the Ah‐level pouch cell nail penetration test, confirming its feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising candidate for the flame‐retardant electrolyte, triethyl phosphate (TEP)/potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (KFSI)‐based electrolyte has drawn much attention in the K‐ion battery community. Although the TEP/KFSI formula at a moderate main salt concentration (normally, <3 m) enables the compatibility of the reactive K metal anode, the long‐standing oxidative instability of KFSI salt remains unsolved. Here, an additive strategy is reported to address the high‐voltage issue in the TEP/KFSI electrolyte, and generalize it to the other KFSI‐based electrolytes. The addition of potassium nitrate changes the surface charge distribution and effectively suppresses the decomposition of KFSI toward the high‐voltage cathode. The nitrate‐containing electrolyte enables superior stability of a 4.3 V‐class K‐ion battery, as evidenced by its 80% capacity retention over 2000 cycles (≈6 months) at the 1 C rate. Moreover, the long‐cycling stability of the graphite‐based full cell with Prussian Blue cathode is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure‐induced emission enhancement (PIEE) is a novel phenomenon in contrast to conventional pressure‐induced emission quenching, and has attracted considerable attention owing to the potential application of materials with this effect as optical pressure‐sensing devices. The urgent need and significant significance lie in the design and exploration of systems that possess high‐efficiency PIEE. Here, a large PIEE in a novel zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid manganese bromide is realized, (BPPH)2MnBr4·1.5CH3CN [BPPH+ = bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium]. The experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that such emission enhancement is primarily attributed to the pressure‐induced reconfiguration of electronic band alignment and resultant redistribution of band‐edge excitons. Under compression, the electronic bandgap of (MnBr4)2− experiences a more rapid reduction compared to that of the organic cations. Consequently, this leads to the gradual closure of the charge transfer pathway from (MnBr4)2− to BPPH+. This progression results in a higher retention of excitons on (MnBr4)2−, amplifying the efficiency of Mn2+d–d transitions, and leading to a substantial enhancement in emission. This study not only offers fresh insights into the behavior of carrier dynamics induced by pressure in hybrid manganese halides but also presents a promising avenue for the advancement of PIEE systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review discusses the utilization of metal halide perovskite (MHP) materials in X‐ray direct imaging detectors for medical application. Compared to traditional semiconductors, MHP has multiple advantages including high linear attenuation coefficient, low exciton binding energy, long carrier diffusion length, and high carrier mobility. These ascendancies allow for low‐dose and high‐resolution medical imaging. Apartment from a historical overview of the develop‐X‐ray direct imaging detectors and their performance indicators, this review specifically focuses on the development and innovation of X‐ray direct imaging detectors using MHP materials. The article concludes by identifying existing challenges and discussing the potential application of perovskite X‐ray direct imaging detectors in the medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic scintillators play a pivotal role in diverse fields like medical imaging, nondestructive detection, homeland security, and high‐energy physics. However, traditional inorganic scintillators encounter challenges such as high fabrication costs and low light yield. Recently, low‐dimensional metal halide scintillators (LDMHS) have witnessed rapid progress, owing to their distinctive crystal structure and superior radioluminescence performance. Herein, an overview of recent advancements and proposed instructive pathways for achieving high‐performance LDMHS is provided. First, the scintillation physical mechanism and emphasis on the essential requirements of scintillators for diverse applications are elucidated. Furthermore, LDMHS are classified according to B‐site cations, and their respective characteristics and recent advancements are introduced. This encompasses the understanding of structure‐property relationships and the routes and rules for optimizing scintillation performance. Finally, the persisting challenges in this burgeoning field and proposed potential research directions for future exploration are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postoperative pain, as a common and significant healthcare issue, has always been the focus of attention in the field of anesthesia for its control and treatment. In the present study, a pH‐responsive microneedle (MN) patch is developed for sustained incisional analgesia after surgery. The MN patch has a 10 × 10 MN array within 0.5 cm2 area, and each MN features a complete core‐shell structure, with a needle height of ≈850 µm. Upon application, the MNs fully implant in the skin within 15 min due to the rapid dissolution of the water‐soluble backing layer. The acidic microenvironment at the surgical site (pH 6.8–7.0) interacts with the pH‐reactive medium in the MN shell, triggering the shell rupture. This process enables the smooth release of encapsulated local anesthetic drug (Ropivacaine, Rop) microcrystals, extending local anesthesia duration to over 72 h at a drug concentration of 100 mg mL−1. Additionally, the MN patch intelligently modulates drug release based on the postoperative pain behavior, which correlates with the pH value of the surgical incision microenvironment. This responsive feature results in a prolonged and personalized analgesic effect, addressing the limitations of existing invasive treatments in postoperative pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal evaporation can significantly facilitate scalable, uniform, and conformal perovskite film, particularly well‐suited for the preparation of perovskite/silicon (Si) tandem solar cells. However, the perovskite material easily induces a phase transition from a photoactive phase to a photoinactive phase, limiting the development of the stability and efficiency of tandem cells. Introducing lead chloride (PbCl2) into wide‐bandgap perovskite materials is beneficial for the fabrication of efficient and stable light‐absorbing materials, but the microscopic mechanism of the effect of PbCl2 on perovskite is still unclear. The study here reports evidences that the addition of PbCl2 to improve perovskite film stability and optoelectronic performance is due to the minor octahedral tilting of the perovskite structure are reported. It also demonstrates that this strategy accelerates interfacial charge transfer and carrier diffusion in the perovskite bulk and heterojunction interfaces. Therefore, the wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by adding PbCl2 exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.80%. The PSCs retain 97% of their performance following 200 h of operation at the maximum power point under full 1‐sun illumination. Finally, monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells with record PCEs of 27.43% and an open‐circuit voltage of 1.817 V are fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent observations of nontrivial spin textures and topological Hall effect (THE) in 2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets have stimulated high interest in both fundamental physics and prospective spintronic applications. However, effectively manipulating spin textures and their exhibiting THE, which is the prerequisite for topology‐based 2D vdW devices, remains challenging. Here, the effective manipulation of the magnetic bubbles and THE is achieved in Fe5GeTe2 (FGT) crystals by utilizing Lorentz imaging and electrical transport measurements. The density and size of magnetic bubbles can be modulated effectively as the temperature and lamella thickness change, indicating the role of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and long‐range magnetic dipolar interaction is demonstrated, respectively. More importantly, the spin configurations of bubbles along with THE signal vary with sample thickness, demonstrating a topological transition between skyrmion bubbles and trivial bubbles. The key point lies in the presence or absence of Bloch lines in the stripe domain at different thicknesses. This study presents the reliable manipulations of spin textures and THE in FGT, which may provide valuable insights into the design of 2D vdW devices in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically dispersed Fe─N─C catalysts display great potential for efficient CO production in the field of electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR), but still suffer from unsatisfactory activity limited by the slow proton and electron transfer during the ECR process. Here, a superior Fe─N─C electrocatalyst is designed by anchoring the individual FeN4 sites and Fe nanoparticles onto highly conductive carbon nanotubes. The resultant catalyst displays a commendable CO partial current density of 16.01 mA cm−2 with a turnover frequency of 3519.6 h−1 at −0.65 V in an H‐type cell, and also exhibits CO selectivity > 90% under high current density over 120 mA cm−2 in a flow cell. This remarkable activity exceeds a host of previously reported Fe─N─C catalysts. The findings indicate that the carbon nanotube facilitates CO production due to its strong capability of electron transport and charge transfer. In situ spectroscopic analysis, controlled experiments, and theoretical calculations reveal that Fe nanoparticles effectively promote water dissociation and the subsequent protonation step, accelerate the formation of *COOH intermediate, and thus greatly enhance the ECR activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries (ASLMBs) represent a significant breakthrough in the quest to overcome limitations associated with traditional Li‐ion batteries, particularly in energy density and safety aspects. However, widespread implementation is stymied due to a lack of profound understanding of the complex mechano‐electro‐chemical behavior of Li metal in the ASLMBs. Herein, operando neutron imaging and X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) are leveraged to nondestructively visualize Li behaviors within ASLMBs. This approach offers real‐time observations of Li evolutions, both pre‐ and post‐ occurrence of a "soft short". The coordination of 2D neutron radiography and 3D neutron tomography enables charting of the terrain of Li metal deformation operando. Concurrently, XCT offers a 3D insight into the internal structure of the battery following a "soft short". Despite the manifestation of a "soft short", the persistence of Faradaic processes is observed. To study the elusive "soft short" , phase field modeling is coupled with electrochemistry and solid mechanics theory. The research unravels how external pressure curbs dendrite growth, potentially leading to dendrite fractures and thus uncovering the origins of both "soft" and "hard" shorts in ASLMBs. Furthermore, by harnessing finite element modeling, it dive deeper into the mechanical deformation and the fluidity of Li metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wound management remains a challenge due to the epithelial barrier loss, drug‐resistant bacterial infections, inflammatory storm, and compromised angiogenesis. Herein, a boron‐based probe driven theranostic hydrogel dressing for visual monitoring and matching chronic wounds healing is developed to encourage chronic wound healing. The boron‐based (BT) probe is synthesized through the dynamic interaction between borax (B) and tannic acid (TA) and serves as a cross‐linker for constructing the guar gum/polyvinyl alcohol/BT (GPBT) hydrogels. Notably, the GPBT hydrogels offer visual monitoring through color change and remote diagnosis via smartphone. Meanwhile, they exhibit the ability to match the different healing stages of chronic wounds. During the early alkaline stage, the controlled release of TA accelerates healing by polarizing M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages and promoting angiogenesis. As the wound progresses into the acidic healing phase, the hydrogels undergo programmed disassembly to facilitate tissue regeneration. Remarkably, the hydrogel dressing demonstrates potent antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial membrane potential. Furthermore, it has good self‐healing, self‐adaptive, and adhesion properties. This multifunctional theranostic hydrogel dressing, featuring visual monitoring and matching chronic wound healing, lays the foundation for the development of personalized and precise theranostic platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new information carriers, antiferromagnetic magnons have great potential in the fields of spintronics and quantum information. However, the strong exchange interaction between sublattice spins in conventional antiferromagnets results in their frequencies up to the terahertz (THz) range, hindering further exploration of related applications and physics. Recently, emerging van der Waals A‐type antiferromagnets with the weak exchange interaction may bring about a change. In this study, it demonstrates two distinct tunable ultrastrong magnon–magnon couplings in the gigahertz (GHz) band using this type of antiferromagnet, CrPS4, with a maximum normalized coupling strength (η) of 0.31. It establishes orthorhombic and monoclinic models for theoretical analyses, unambiguously showing that the ultrastrong coupling strength is caused by unique magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange enhancement. Furthermore, for the first time, it observes a continuous switching process of sublattice magnon chirality arising from the orthorhombic nature of anisotropy. These findings not only deepen the understanding of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics but also offer a powerful platform for building magnonic quantum systems and chirality‐based spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new information carriers, antiferromagnetic magnons have great potential in the fields of spintronics and quantum information. However, the strong exchange interaction between sublattice spins in conventional antiferromagnets results in their frequencies up to the terahertz (THz) range, hindering further exploration of related applications and physics. Recently, emerging van der Waals A‐type antiferromagnets with the weak exchange interaction may bring about a change. In this study, it demonstrates two distinct tunable ultrastrong magnon–magnon couplings in the gigahertz (GHz) band using this type of antiferromagnet, CrPS4, with a maximum normalized coupling strength (η) of 0.31. It establishes orthorhombic and monoclinic models for theoretical analyses, unambiguously showing that the ultrastrong coupling strength is caused by unique magnetocrystalline anisotropy rather than exchange enhancement. Furthermore, for the first time, it observes a continuous switching process of sublattice magnon chirality arising from the orthorhombic nature of anisotropy. These findings not only deepen the understanding of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics but also offer a powerful platform for building magnonic quantum systems and chirality‐based spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative photoconductance (NPC) detectors have attracted continuous attention for constructing advanced and novel optoelectronic devices, including reconfigurable image sensors and optosynaptic systems, especially by combining NPC with positive photoconductance (PPC). However, NPC devices suffer from much lower photosensitivity, slower response speed, and poor stability, especially in the infrared range. In this work, controllable NPC detectors based on organic-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (OG-CNT FETs) are reported and the strong influence of light-induced electrostatic doping on the nonconventional photoresponse is demonstrated. The PM6/Y6-based heterojunction allows efficient near-infrared light absorption and facilitates exciton diffusion. By introducing a floating gate structure with an ultrathin dielectric layer, the OG-CNT FET shows an enhanced NPC effect owing to in situ signal amplification. Compared to other device configurations, the optimal OG-CNT FETs exhibit high responsivity of 72.6 A W-1 at 880 nm, along with improved response/recovery times of 7 and 5 ms. Impressively, gate-tunable switching between NPC and PPC is observed under the same light illumination. The reversible switching can be attributed to the competition between the light-controlled electrostatic coupling and the PM6/Y6 photovoltaic effect, which offers a new approach to achieve bidirectional photoresponses and paves the way for the development of future multifunctional optoelectronic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doped CaZnOS materials show great potential for mechanoluminescence (ML) applications spanning the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) range. However, conflicting reports regarding the generation and reproducibility of ML hinder the understanding and practical utilization of these materials. To address this issue, a comprehensive characterization strategy combining NIR laser-assisted de-trapping, UV irradiation-induced trap-filling, in situ mechanical stimulation, and continuous ML recording is proposed. Herein, the ML behaviors of four representative doped CaZnOS materials (Mn2+, Bi3+, Er3+, and Ce3+) are investigated using this approach. The results reveal that de-trapped materials exhibit non-trap-controlled ML, wherein ML intensity gradually weakens under successive mechanical stimuli without self-recovery. In contrast, trap-filled materials demonstrate both trap-controlled ML and non-trap-controlled ML, with the former predominantly contributing to the overall ML intensity. Notably, trap-controlled ML shows only partial recovery after trap filling. The non-trap-controlled ML is attributed to plastic ML and destructive ML phenomena, while explaining trap-controlled ML through the carrier de-trapping model. These results not only clarify conflicting reports but also provide clear insights into the ML properties and mechanisms of CaZnOS-based materials, facilitating advancements in practical applications. Furthermore, the developed characterization strategy is expected to serve as a valuable reference for establishing standardized protocols to evaluate ML performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary strategy is demonstrated as an efficient approach to achieve high short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage to boost the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), however, the realization of high fill-factor (FF) in ternary OSCs has been rare. In this study, three thiophene terminated non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with methyl or chlorine substitutions on their end-groups are designed and synthesized, and further incorporated into the state-of-the-art PM6:L8-BO system to construct ternary OSCs. Subtle changes in their chemical structures significantly modify the molecular packings of these thiophene terminated NFAs. While BTP-ThMe and BTP-ThCl have limited forms of dimer, versatile molecular dimers, including "Z" shaped D-D, "S" shaped A-A, and "F" shaped A-D packings exist in BTP-ThMeCl, which lead to the formation of compact 3D honey-comb network and this is analogous to the host acceptor L8-BO. This synergetic molecular packing between BTP-ThMeCl and L8-BO contributes to maintain the 3D charge transport network in the ternary system via the formation of NFA co-crystals at the molecular level, and consequently realizing a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.1% with a superior FF of 82.2%, which is the highest FF reported so far for OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium ion batteries using graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes are considered to be optimizing candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes significantly hinders the development of high‐voltage potassium ion batteries. Herein, a dilute (0.8 m) fluorinated phosphate electrolyte is proposed, which exhibits extraordinary compatibility with both graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes. The phosphate solvent, tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP), has weak solvating ability, which not only allows the formation of robust anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode but also effectively suppresses the corrosion of Al current collector at high voltage. Meanwhile, the high oxidative stability of fluorinated TFP solvent enables stable ultrahigh‐voltage (4.95 V) cycling of a potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO4F) cathode. Using TFP‐based electrolyte, the 4.9 V‐class potassium ion full cell based on graphite anode and KVPO4F cathode shows rather remarkable cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 87.2% after 200 cycles. This study provides a route to develop dilute electrolytes for high‐voltage potassium ion batteries, by utilizing solvents with both weak solvating ability and high oxidative stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controllable and on‐demand delivery of supramolecular systems have received considerable attention in modern agricultural management, especially for managing intractable plant diseases. Here, an intelligent photoresponsive pesticide delivery system is reported based on β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and azobenzene, which overcomes the resistance of phytopathogens caused by the irrational use of conventional pesticides. Antibacterial bioassays illustrated that designed azobenzene derivative 3a possesses the most efficient bioactivity with EC50 values of 0.52–25.31 µg mL−1 toward three typical phytopathogens. Moreover, the assembly of the supramolecular binary complex 3a@β‐CD is successfully elucidated and displays exceptional inhibitory activity on biofilm formation. Of note, this supramolecular binary complex significantly improves the water solubility, foliar surface wettability, and shows marked light‐responsive properties. In vivo anti‐Xoo assays reveal that 3a@β‐CD has excellent control efficiency (protective activity: 51.22%, curative activity: 48.37%) against rice bacterial blight pathogens, and their control efficiency can be elevated to values of 55.84% (protective activity) and 52.05% (curative activity) by UV–vis exposure. In addition, the 3a@β‐CD are non‐toxic toward various non‐target organisms. This study therefore offers new insights into the potential of host‐guest complexes as a feasible pesticide discovery strategy characterized by a safe, biocompatible, light‐responsive release, and antibiofilm properties for overcoming intractable plant bacterial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is regarded as a promising solid electrolyte due to its high Li+ conductivity and excellent chemical stability, but suffers from grain boundary resistance and porous structure which restrict its practical applications in lithium–metal batteries. Herein, a novel and highly efficient TiO2‐induced conversion strategy is proposed to generate Li ion‐conductive Li0.5La0.5TiO3, which can simultaneously eliminate the pre‐existing pores/voids and contamination Li2CO3. The Li/LLZTO‐5TiO2/Li symmetric cell exhibits a high critical current density of 1.1 mA cm−2 at 25°C, and the long‐term lithium cycling stability of over 1500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. More importantly, the excellent performance of LLZTO‐5TiO2 electrolyte is verified by LiCoO2/LiFePO4 coupled full cells. For example, The LiCoO2 coupled full cell exhibits a significant discharge rate capacity of 108 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and a discharge capacity retention rate of 91.23% even after 150 cycles of charge and discharge. COMSOL Multiphysics and density functional theory calculation reveal that LLZTO‐5TiO2 electrolyte has a strong lithium affinity and uniform Li ions distribution, which can improve the cycle stability of Li–metal batteries by preventing dendrite growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentration polarization‐induced lithium dendrites seriously impede the practical application of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries. Porous materials that aim to inhibit lithium dendrites are extensively explored. However, their effects are still limited by the intrinsic features of the pores, especially channel geometry and surface properties. Herein, a separator modification strategy of blocking "dendritic deposition" via "dendritic channels" is proposed. A porous shield‐like film is formed on the polypropylene separator through the close packing of ultra‐small (≈100 nm) silica nanospheres with unique dendritic mesopores (DMS). Besides the hierarchical pores homogenizing the ion flux, the DMS film also provides abundant Si(OH)x groups, preferentially adsorbing the TFSI− in the electrolyte and accelerating the transport of Li+. Most notably, the dendritic mesochannels with high complexity can diversify the growth directions of lithium and contribute to a more substantial homogenizing process of Li+. Consequently, a dendrite‐free deposition with 1000 stable cycles in Li|Li symmetric cells even at 10 mA cm−2 is achieved. This study provides a scalable approach for the fabrication of mesoporous separators and offers a fresh perspective on the future design of advanced separators utilized for dendrite suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic redox‐active materials are promising electrode candidates for lithium‐ion batteries by virtue of their designable structure and cost‐effectiveness. However, their poor electrical conductivity and high solubility in organic electrolytes limit the device's performance and practical applications. Herein, the π‐conjugated nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatic molecule hexaazatriphenylene (HATN) is strategically embedded with redox‐active centers in the skeleton of a Cu‐based 2D conductive metal–organic framework (2D c‐MOF) to optimize the lithium (Li) storage performance of organic electrodes, which delivers improved specific capacity (763 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1), long‐term cycling stability (≈90% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 300 mA g−1), and excellent rate performance. The correlation of experimental and computational results confirms that this high Li storage performance derives from the maximum number of active sites (CN sites in the HATN unit and CO sites in the CuO4 unit), favorable electrical conductivity, and efficient mass transfer channels. This strategy of integrating multiple redox‐active moieties into the 2D c‐MOF opens up a new avenue for the design of high‐performance electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectures of carbon materials prepared via soft‐templating method greatly depend on the assembly pattern of micelles. Herein, a kinetics‐controlled strategy is developed to fabricate ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) single crystals from liquefied wood by using melamine to regulate the polymerization rate of carbon precursors, which further affects the assembly process. Due to the slow hydroxymethylation reaction of melamine with formaldehyde in acid, the addition of melamine can decelerate the reaction kinetics to produce no seed nuclei at the initial stage, which favors the composite micelles to orderly aggregate and further grow in a layer‐by‐layer pattern to form OMC single crystals after carbonization. The OMC single crystals with high specific surface areas (733 m2 g−1), uniform mesopore size (3.2 nm), and ordered Im3m mesostructure are ideal supports to couple with Ag nanoparticles to act as efficient catalysts, which exhibits remarkable catalytic performance for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporotic fracture, which is a clinical complication of osteoporosis featured with the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Non‐surgical intervention is frequently required post‐operatively to ameliorate the fracture healing. Nevertheless, current non‐surgical therapies are mostly performed in a non‐targeted manner without giving enough consideration to the pathological characteristics of osteoporosis. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop an optimal strategy for promoting fracture healing under osteoporotic conditions. In this study, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform is designed to work in conjunction with near‐infrared irradiation. Specifically, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is functionalized with alendronate (ALE) and black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) together with melatonin (MT) molecules are encapsulated by PLGA‐ALE to produce the multifunctional BPs/MT@PLGA‐ALE nanospheres. In this structure, BPs degrade gradually and deliver mild photothermal effects to facilitate bone regeneration, whereas MT has the dual‐capability of suppressing osteoclastogenesis and promoting osteogenesis. Moreover, ALE endows the nanoplatform with the reliable bone‐targeting capacity to improve the therapeutic effects. The combination of BPs/MT@PLGA‐ALE nanospheres and photothermal therapy significantly improve post‐surgical healing of osteoporotic fracture by modulating the tumor necrosis factor and cell death‐related signaling pathways. This study reveals a promising strategy to treat osteoporotic fracture and broadens the application of nanomaterials in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction is the initial and necessary step of CO2 hydrogenation to high value‐added products, and regulating the selectivity of CO is still a fundamental challenge. In the present study, an efficient catalyst (CuZnNx@C‐N) composed by Zn single atoms and Cu clusters stabilized by nitrogen sites is reported. It contains saturated four‐coordinate Zn‐N4 sites and low valence CuNx clusters. Monodisperse Zn induces the aggregation of pyridinic N to form Zn‐N4 and N4 structures, which show strong Lewis basicity and has strong adsorption for *CO2 and *COOH intermediates, but weak adsorption for *CO, thus greatly improves the CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. The catalyst calcined at 700 °C exhibits the highest CO2 conversion of 43.6% under atmospheric pressure, which is 18.33 times of Cu‐ZnO and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium conversion rate (49.9%) of CO2. In the catalytic process, CuNx not only adsorbs and activates H2, but also cooperates with the adjacent Zn‐N4 and N4 structures to jointly activate CO2 molecules and further promotes the hydrogenation of CO2. This synergistic mechanism will provide new insights for developing efficient hydrogenation catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disordered chain arrangement of polymer dielectrics has complex both internal and external effects on system performance, which generally stimulates the weak acquisition and grain boundaries of vapor‐deposited organic small molecule films (VDOSMFs) with thermally activated charge transport. As a result, achieving "band‐like" transmission of VDOSMs on polymer dielectrics is attempting to prove to be a major challenge. Three types of bi‐polymer dielectrics are developed to modulate charge transport from thermally activated mode to "band‐like" transport at the interfacial level. The bottom consisting of a polyimide layer is critical to interfacial modulation, which shows the selectively binding capability with up‐dielectric layers to realize the modulation of charge transport, as corroborated by interface characterization and density functional‐based tight‐binding calculation. The findings provide an effective strategy for modulating the charge transport through polymer dielectric engineering and also recommend a podium to further comprehend the electrical characteristics of small molecules in organic thin‐film transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive photocatalysts to produce hydrogen from water splitting. Herein, a ternary strategy of incorporating crystalline n‐type molecule IDMIC‐4F into the host system made of p‐type polymer PM6 and n‐type molecule ITCC‐M is demonstrated. ITCC‐M and IDMIC‐4F form compact alloy‐like composite with shorter lattice spacing in the ternary p/n heterojunction NPs, resulting in enhanced exciton dissociation and charge transfer characteristics. As the result, an unprecedented hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 307 mmol h−1 g−1 and a maximum apparent quantum efficiency of 5.9% at 600 nm are achieved in the optimized ternary NPs (PM6:ITCC‐M:IDMIC‐4F = 1:1.3:0.2), which is among the highest HER from organic photocatalysts to the best of the authors' knowledge. The alloy‐like composite also improves the operational stability of ternary NP photocatalysts. This study shows that synergizing two compatible n‐type small molecules to form alloy‐like composite is a promising approach to design novel organic photocatalysts for boosting the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocatalytic performance of nanomaterials can be enhanced by fine‐tuning the coordination environment and number of low‐coordination atoms. Confinement engineering is the most effective strategy for the precise chemical synthesis of electrocatalysts through the modulation of electron transfer properties, atomic arrangement, and molecular structure in a confined region. It not only alters the coordination environments to adjust the formation mechanism of active centers, but also regulates the physicochemical properties of electrocatalysts. Consequently, the nucleation, transportation, and stabilization of intermediate species in electrocatalysis are optimized, and then improve the performance covering activity, stability, and selectivity. In this review, confinement engineering is introduced in terms of confined definition, classification, construction, and basic principles. Then, the latest advances in the confinement engineering of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction are systematically evaluated. Furthermore, using representative experimental results and theoretical calculations, the structure‐activity relationships between confinement engineering and electrocatalytic performance are illustrated. Finally, potential challenges and future development prospects of confined electrocatalysts are highlighted, with a focus on controlling the construction of confined environments, investigating uncommon catalytic properties in confined regions, and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Side chain engineering is a widely explored strategy in the molecular design for non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). Although the relationship between side chain structures and optoelectronic properties of NFAs is well clarified, the effect of side chain structures on the stability of NFAs and their corresponding organic solar cells (OSCs) is rarely reported. Herein, a series of Y‐family NFAs with varying side‐chains are studied to investigate their degradation upon multiple stresses including water, oxygen from ambient, chemical environment from ZnO electron transport layer, temperature, and ultraviolet light. The results show that all of these Y‐family NFAs are highly stable against water and oxygen in ambient dark condition, while their photochemical and thermal stabilities decrease with the increasing side chain length. NFAs with shorter side chains are not only more resistant to photo‐oxidation and photocatalytic reactions, but also can hamper the formation of large phase‐separated NFA domains upon storage in both glovebox and ambient conditions. As such, the PM6:NFA OSC with short side‐chain NFA also exhibits superior operational stability, associating with a higher T80 lifetime. This study demonstrates that the side chains must be considered to obtain stable OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn metal is a promising anode material for high‐energy‐density aqueous batteries, but it is plagued by dendrite, low stripping/plating efficiency, and inevitable depletion of active Zn. Herein, a low‐intercalation‐potential material, Cu7Te4, is reported as both an anode material and Zn dendrite inhibitor for aqueous Zn batteries. A low plateau of 0.2 V (vs Zn2+/Zn), high capacity of 216 mA h g–1, and superior cyclability over 4200 cycles can be realized by Cu7Te4 anode. Moreover, when Zn is modified with Cu7Te4 layer, a hybrid anode based on "intercalation–deposition" mechanism can be ingeniously developed, in which Zn2+ ions are sequentially inserted into Cu7Te4 and uniformly deposed on Zn at successive low potential. A battery built on such a mechanism sustains more than 1000 h and 1000 times in comparison to less than 100 h and 350 times of a bare Zn. Furthermore, an aqueous "rocking–chair" Cu7Te4//ZnI2 Zn‐ion full battery is further demonstrated, which can realize energy densities of 65.3 Wh kg–1 and 86% capacity retentions after 10 000 cycles. This research contributes to a stable anode material for aqueous Zn batteries and provides an effective strategy to address the Zn dendrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention due to their important prospects in electronics and optoelectronics. Synthesizing new 2D materials, characterizing their properties, and developing their applications are still important topics. Herein, the synthesis of α‐GeTe nanoplates on different substrates via the chemical vapor deposition process and the systematical investigation of their structure and electrical properties, is reported. By controlling the synthesis temperature and carrier gas, α‐GeTe nanoplates, with a lateral dimension up to 30 µm and a thickness down to 1.2 nm, which corresponds to the thickness of one unit cell, can be obtained on 2D WSe2 substrate. Electrical transport studies show 2D α‐GeTe nanoplates have an excellent conductivity (9.33 × 105 S m−1) and an extraordinary breakdown current density (6.1× 107 A cm−2). Compared with traditional WSe2 transistors with deposited metal electrodes, the WSe2 transistors with the metallic α‐GeTe nanoplates as van der Waals metal electrodes achieved much better performance, such as higher on‐state current (from 7.83 to 23.23 µA µm−1) and electron mobility (from 16.5 to 75.0 cm2 V1 S1). This study demonstrates an effective pathway to achieve ultrathin 2D materials and provides an accessible strategy to improve the performance of 2D electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) has shown broad prospects in various practical applications, but it has been considered as a non‐active catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) unless a pretreatment such as high temperature heteroatoms‐doping is applied. Here, an interdisciplinary strategy is reported by utilizing lithium‐ion battery as a pretreatment processing to activate GO. The electrochemical battery process endows the GO with boosted ORR catalytic activity, exceeding that of nitrogen‐doped graphene at high temperature, a well‐recognized carbon catalyst. A series of control experiments point to that the carbon–oxygen–lithium bonding (C–O–Li) is possibly the origin of the activity. Further theoretical simulation tells that the lithium species stabilize the COO groups that help maintain the catalytic activity of the catalyst. Different from traditional chemical synthesis, this method provides a way to realize the lithium doping that has rarely been achieved for the heteroatoms‐doped carbon catalysts and also the control of the catalytic performance. Moreover, the proposed catalytic mechanism inspires researchers to pay more attention to the interaction of metallic heteroatoms and the oxygen‐containing functional groups in carbon. Such an interdisciplinary research combining the batteries and catalysis brings a broader vision to the field of carbon‐based electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic semiconductors are disordered molecular solids, and as a result, their internal charge generation dynamics, charge transport dynamics, and ultimately, the performance of the optoelectronic devices they constitute, are governed by energetic disorder. This is particularly pertinent for emerging photovoltaic technology where the extractable power is directly dependent on these dynamics. To ascertain how energetic disorder impacts charge generation, exciton transport, charge transport, and the performance of organic semiconductor devices, an accurate approach is first required to measure this critical parameter. In this work, it is shown that the static disorder of an organic semiconductor can be obtained from its photovoltaic external quantum efficiency spectrum at wavelengths near the absorption onset. A detailed methodology is presented, alongside a computational framework, for quantifying the static energetic disorder associated with singlet excitons. Moreover, the authors show that minimizing the limiting effects of optical interference is crucial for achieving high‐accuracy quantifications. Finally, transparent devices are employed to estimate the excitonic static disorder in several technologically relevant organic semiconductor donor–acceptor blends, including the high‐efficiency organic photovoltaic system PM6:Y6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiative exciton generation and light out‐coupling are two crucial factors for highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material DspiroS‐TRZ with high horizontal dipole ratio (HDR, Θ// = 82%) is utilized as the blue emitter as well as the host for an orange‐red TADF emitter TPA‐AQ to fabricate white OLEDs. A synergetic horizontal dipole orientation induction on the transition dipole moment of TPA‐AQ is achieved by the highly orientated DspiroS‐TRZ, resulting in high HDR (Θ// = 96%) of the orange‐red emitter. Owing to the simultaneous efficient triplet exciton utilization and highly orientated binary system, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 29.3% is achieved for single emission layer (EML) white OLED, with an excellent white light out‐coupling efficiency of 34%. In addition, the carrier recombination in the EML is further regulated by inserting an exciton regulation emission layer, which can relieve the trapping effect of the orange‐red emitter and guarantee stable Langevin recombination and energy transfer processes for improved electroluminescence spectral stability. An EQEmax of 31.2% is ultimately achieved for the double‐EML white OLED, highlighting the key role of horizontal dipole orientation induction and carrier recombination modulation for highly efficient and spectral stable white OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐dimensional ultrawide bandgap semiconductors demonstrate great potential in fabricating solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors. However, the widespread use of detectors is still limited by the low responsivity, large noise, and dark current, and especially few detectors can fulfill the solar‐blind ultraviolet detection and the polarization dependence simultaneously. Herein, a polarization sensitive solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetector based on ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelts synthesized via chemical vapor deposition growth, is reported. By selecting suitable substrate and tuning the growth temperature, the nonlayered KNb3O8 crystal is grown into the quasi‐1D ultrathin nanobelt with thickness in the range of 4.8–120 nm. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results indicate that the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt possesses an ultrawide bandgap (4.15 eV) as well as unusual in‐plane structural anisotropy. Benefiting from the above features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt‐based device exhibits superior photodetection performances with high responsivity (30 A W−1), high detectivity (5.95 × 1011 Jones), and ultralow dark current (7.1 × 10−15 A) in the solar‐blind ultraviolet region (230–280 nm). In addition, the KNb3O8 photodetector displays strong polarization sensitive photoresponse with a linear dichroic ratio of 1.62 at 254 nm. With these remarkable features, the ultrathin KNb3O8 nanobelt provides great opportunities for designing the next‐generation multifunctional solar‐blind ultraviolet optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) refers to the nerve compression syndrome such as neurogenic intermittent claudication and lower limb pain, which disturbs people's daily life, and its incidence increases with age. Traditional diagnosis often employs magnetic response imaging or other imaging examinations. But the radiological data have uncertain clinical correlation and often be overemphasized in clinical decision making. Here, an active‐matrix sensing array (AMSA) is proposed to measure plantar pressure during walking, in order to improve LDD diagnostic processes. An array of piezoelectric sensors with high robustness are assembled. Combined with a support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithm, the system can classify the common human motions of half‐squat, squat, jump, walk and jog with an accuracy up to 99.2%, demonstrating its capability of recognizing personal activities. More importantly, in 62 clinical samples of lumbar degenerative patients, the system can perform an artificial intelligence diagnosis, achieving an accuracy of 100% with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.998, and also gives out recovery assessments after surgery. Since the personal plantar pressure is also indicative of other diseases, such as diabetes and fasciitis, the system can be extended to other medical aspects, showing a broad impact in biomedical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries is severely hindered by the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, an integrated composite catalyst consisting of Co nanoparticles and single‐atom (SA) Zn co‐implanted in nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanosheets grafted with carbon nanotubes (Co/SA‐Zn@N‐C/CNTs) is rationally developed toward this challenge. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that the synergistically dual active sites of Co and atomic Zn‐N4 moieties with an optimal charge redistribution not only strongly confine the LiPSs but also effectively catalyze its conversion reactions by lowering the energy barrier from Li2S2 to Li2S while the N‐doped porous carbon‐grafted CNTs enables a large surface area for more active site exposure and provides a fast electron/ion pathway. Benefiting from synergies, Li‐S batteries equipped with the Co/SA‐Zn@N‐C/CNTs‐based sulfur cathode exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1302 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a low capacity fading rate of 0.033% per cycle over 800 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, a high areal capacity of 4.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C with the sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2 can be achieved. The present work may provide new insight into the design of high‐performance sulfur‐based cathodes for Li‐S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasmall silica‐based nanoparticles (SNPs) are attractive for application in many fields, but existing synthetic approaches show limited control over the size and morphology of these SNPs. This study describes a general single copolymer chain‐mediated strategy for the scalable synthesis of highly monodispersed symmetric and asymmetric SNPs with sub‐50 nm diameter. Random copolymers of poly(acrylic acid‐r‐styrene) intramolecularly collapse into ultrasmall single‐chain nanoparticles and serve as seeds to template the hydrolysis of silica precursors to produce uniform SNPs. It is shown in experiments and simulations that the composition and random architecture of the copolymers are crucial to the formation of ultrasmall seeds and the uniform deposition of silica. Furthermore, tailoring the architecture of copolymers can be used to produce ultrasmall asymmetric Janus‐like and dumbbell‐like SNPs with well‐defined polymer and silica domains. This study paves a new route to the scalable production of ultrasmall SNPs with tailored morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromorphic photonics system based on the principle of biological brain is emerging as one of the potential solutions to the bottleneck inherent in classical von Neumann computing system. Optoelectronic synaptic devices, used to mimic the visual function of bio‐synapse by adapting synaptic weights, can construct a highly efficient brain‐inspired computing system, in which the nanostructured materials and device architectures are attracting extensive interests, giving many potential benefits in confined light‐matter interaction, fast carrier dynamics, and photocarriers trapping. Moreover, the conjunction of traditional nanostructured photodetectors and newly realized electronic synapses also exhibit appealing performance for many practical applications including information processing and computing. This review focuses and summarizes on recent achievement in developing advanced optoelectronic synaptic devices based on nanostructured materials as 0D (quantum dots), 1D, and 2D materials, as well as, the rapidly evolving hybrid heterostructures. In addition, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs), the poisoning of Pt by phosphoric species severely affects the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction, which restricts their commercialized application. Herein, for the first time, the phosphate tolerance of PtFe ordered intermetallic alloys is enhanced by a doping‐modulated strain strategy via employing a low amount of Cu as a dopant to boost HT‐PEMFCs. This Cu doping facilitates the formation of compressive strain in PtFe crystals, consequently altering the electronic structure of electrocatalysts and then benefiting for weakening the adsorption energy between phosphoric acid and Pt surfaces. In addition, the high temperature phosphate adsorption tests also reveal that the dopant of Cu in Pt based electrocatalysts can improve the tolerance of phosphoric acid. The HT‐PEMFCs assembled by those cathodic electrocatalysts with the low‐Pt loading of 0.5 mgPt cm−2 achieve a preeminent peak power of 793.5 and 432.6 mW cm−2 under the condition of H2–O2 and H2–air atmosphere, respectively, or nearly 1.53 and 1.34 times higher as compared with commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Moreover, those electrocatalysts also exhibit robust stability under harsh condition in H2–O2 atmosphere with negligible activity loss for at least 100 h, exceeding most of other reported ORR electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of multiple rare earths has proven effective in enhancing the performance of permanent magnets, whereas the diffusion behaviors are still unclear due to their intricate interactions. In this work, the synergistic effects of three rare earths (Tb, Ce, and La) on the grain boundaries diffusion process are investigated, achieving a high‐performance diffused Nd–Fe–B magnet with the high coercivity of 1822 kA m−1 and thermal stability of −0.447% K−1. This promotion originates from the improved diffusion depth of Tb at specific regions, induced by the coordination effects of Ce and La, as evidenced via electron probe microanalysis and the first‐principles calculations. It thus results in the uniform formation of Tb‐diffused magnetic harden grains, associated with the strongly pinned domain walls, which is further observed directly by in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and reconstructed by micromagnetic simulations. The study provides insight into the role of element GBD mechanism and has promising potential to explore other element systems as diffusion sources for permanent magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFAs) are recognized as "rising star" in recent years in the organic solar cells (OSCs) community. In contrast to the traditional fullerene electron acceptors, NFAs promise superior feasibility in molecular design with tunable optoelectronic properties, experiencing unprecedented development in the last 5 years with maximum achievable power conversion efficiencies over 18% are acquired in NFA based OSCs. Nevertheless, the stability of NFAs and their OSCs is still problematic and not well understood, and is regarded as the bottleneck toward the commercialization of NFA based OSCs. In this review, recent advances and current understanding of the stability of NFAs and their corresponding OSCs are presented. Specifically, three key factors, including chemical‐, photon‐, and thermal‐, induced degradations in NFAs are analyzed and summarized, with approaches to enhance the stability suggested. This is followed by the discussion of shelf and operational stability of NFA based OSCs, with highlights of operational stabilities in inert, ambient, indoor, and outdoor conditions. It is envisaged that operational lifetime of over 20 years in real world is achievable via the joint efforts from material design, morphology control, interfacial engineering, and encapsulation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered enormous interest due to their remarkable catalysis activity. However, the exploitation of universal synthesis strategy and regulation of coordination environment of SACs remain a great challenge. Herein, a versatile synthetic strategy is demonstrated to generate a series of transition metal SACs (M SAs/NC, M = Co, Cu, Mn; NC represents the nitrogen‐doped carbon) through defect engineering of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). The interatomic distance between metal sites can be increased by deliberately introducing structural defects within the MOF framework, which inhibits metal aggregation and consequently results in an approximately 70% increase in single metal atom yield. Additionally, the coordination structures of metal sites can also be facilely tuned. The optimized Co SAs/NC‐800 exhibits superior activity and excellent reusability for the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes, surpassing several state‐of‐art non‐noble‐metal catalysts. This study provides a new avenue for the universal fabrication of transition metal SACs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable power source is a key technical challenge for practical applications of electrically responsive soft robots, especially the required voltage is over several thousand volts. Here, a practicable new technology, triboelectric soft robot (TESR) system with the primary characteristics of power source from mechanical energy, is developed. At its heart is TESR with bioinspired architectures made of soft‐deformable body and two triboelectric adhesion feet, which is driven and accurately controlled through triboelectric effect, while reaching maximum crawling speeds of 14.9 mm s−1 on the acrylic surface. The characteristics of the TESR, including displacement and force, are tested and simulated under the power of a rotary freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG). Crawling of TESR is successfully realized on different materials surfaces and different angle slopes under the driven of RF‐TENG. Furthermore, a real‐time visual monitoring platform, in which TESR carries a micro camera to transmit images in a long narrow tunnel, is also achieved successfully, indicating that it can be used for fast diagnosis in an area inaccessible to human beings in the future. This study offers a new insight into the sustainable power source technologies suitable for electrically responsive soft robots and contributes to expanding the applicability of TENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]