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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between learning culture, knowledge management, human capital and organizational effectiveness in logistics service providers. This study is based on competence-based theory. In this study, it is aimed to show how to carry out the knowledge management activities which are used to provide organizational effectiveness in the dynamic logistics and supply chain management environment and to control human capital by the help of learning culture. In this context, a questionnaire was conducted to the blue-collar employees of 25 enterprises in freight transportation and logistics sector, which was listed in the "Turkey's Top 500 Service Exporters Survey" in 2016'by Turkish Export Assembly. The data obtained from 180 questionnaires were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. The findings of the study indicate that learning culture has a significant positive effect on knowledge management, human capital and organizational effectiveness. In addition, the effect of knowledge management on human capital and organizational effectiveness was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]