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Contribution of one case report of a 69-year old diabetic male patient with neurogenic bladder. The patient developed emphysematous cystitis and peritonitis secondary to intraperitoneal perforation of the bladder. Emphysematous cystitis is an uncommon clinico-radiologic entity more frequent in diabetic and female patients and the elderly. Early diagnosis and treatment may avoid a fatal outcome. The paper includes a review of this condition.

This paper reports a case of bladder bilharziasis with histopathological exam and different patterns of urodynamic evaluation. The need for urodynamics is emphasized in order to avoid diagnostic and therapeutic mistakes.

Bladder hernia is not a rare pathological condition, with a frequency between 0.3% and 3%, reaching the 10% between patients older than 50 years. Massive bladder hernia is less frequent and very rarely ureterohydronephrosis is associated with this pathology, given that the trigone is the only portion remaining fixed after herniation. Five cases have been described in the literature reviewed affecting ureters. The present paper represents the fourth case of bilateral ureterohydronephrosis in the literature. The treatment is surgical correction of the inguinoscrotal hernia.

Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare, recently accepted clinical entity which is characterized by the presence of an unspecific inflammatory process in the fat tissue of the gut mesentery. A usually intermittent abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom, whereas urological involvement is exceptional. This paper contributes a new case of mesenteric panniculitis in a 72-year old male patient who initially presented with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction resulting from mesenteric tumoration, and affecting a segment of the terminal ileum which, during growth, infiltrated the apex of the bladder leading to its resection. The ultimate diagnosis was histologic. Brief review of the clinical features, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

The hydatid disease is a common condition in endemic countries, generally involving the liver or the lungs. Genitourinary tract involvement is quite uncommon, and the organ most usually affected is the kidney. A retrovesical location is even more rare. The present paper contributes one case with no evidence of hydatidosis in any other abdominal organ and describes the diagnostic and therapeutic protocol followed.

Vesical hernias occur in a significant number of patients with inguinal hernia, though massive inguinoscrotal vesical hernias are uncommon. This paper presents a case report of a male patient where massive inguinoscrotal vesical hernia, and scrotum-located multiple vesical lithiasis was associated to a large amount of lithiasic mass and bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. We consider this association of urinary conditions extremely rare, since to our knowledge bilateral ureterohydronephrosis has only been formerly documented in one case.

From a clinical point of view, vesical hernia is an uncommon condition. Occurrence is more frequent in male. In most cases diagnosis follows surgical repair of inguinal hernia, to which it may be associated (1-10% depending on the series). Unless complications arise, it evolves asymptomatically or reveals its presence by the distinctive two-stroke miction. Although infrequent, the most significant complications are incarcerations and strangulation with secondary necrosis of the vesical wall. Diagnosis is confirmed by radiological techniques: intravenous urography (IVU), retrograde cystography or computerised axial tomography (CAT). Treatment is always surgical. This paper presents one case of massive vesical hernia and a review of the relative literature.

This paper reports two cases of vesical schistosomiasis in two black patients treated in this Service over the last three years. A description is made of the different anatomo-clinical presentations of these two cases, commenting on the characteristics of this disease, its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and stressing the slight increase in its frequency in our environment as a consequence of the increased migratory movements of people from endemic regions into our country.

Sarcomas are a rare entity among malignant tumours of the bladder. This paper presents the case of a male patient with leiomyosarcoma within a vesical diverticulum. The approach undertaken was diverticulectomy and, since the tumour was limited to the diverticulum and no metastatic disease was present, no other adjuvant therapy was considered.

Presentation of one study on the incidence of fibrino-necrotic ulcers in patients undergoing endovesical chemoprophylaxis with mitomycin C. A description is made of these lesions evaluating their likely relationship to infectious processes. The paper concludes stating the need of endoscopic monitoring and the absence of proven prognostic factors.

Necrosing vasculitis and, within it, nodosa polyarteritis, is an infrequent entity characterized by the absence of pathognomonic signs and symptoms, but which can potentially affect the entire body. The initial description was made by Kussmaul and Maier in 1866. Sings and symptoms of this clinical picture are not frequently circumscribed to the urinary tract. We describe here one case of a particularly infrequent presentation, as a vesical mass with gross haematuria. The paper discusses the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of this process.

This paper reviews our experience with the vesical cancer which develops on the diverticulum, a situation occurring in 1.5% of all vesical tumours in our setting. The condition's clinical features (diagnostic and therapeutic), usually detected in advanced stages, are emphasized. From a morphological point of view, histology of over half these tumours differs from the pure transitional one. There were two cases of pure transitional carcinoma, one small cells cancer, one squamous cells cancer and one with adenocarcinoma differentiating foci. Several sets of data, which include histological variability as well as presence of congenital diverticulum and urethral tumours, have led us to suspect the existence of morpho-genetical factors in the development of these neoplasias. However, the widely accepted carcinogenetic theory continues to be the most likely.

Cystic cystitis is a benign entity highly uncommon throughout childhood and which, from a clinical and radiological point of view, can simulate an intravesical malignant neoplasia (rhabdomyosarcoma); thus an accurate differential diagnosis is required, a biopsy of the lesions being necessary to confirm their nature. The paper presents 2 patients with cystic cystitis discussing the condition's etiology, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms as well as its evolution.