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• Potential range of Dermacentor auratus is much wider than its distribution. • Islands of southeast Asia have suitable climates for D. auratus. • Parts of Africa and the Americas have suitable climates for D. auratus. • 52 species of associated hosts, 13 are new. • 4 associated bacteria genera, 3 associated viruses. Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus Supino, 1897 occurs in many regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia. In many regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia, targeted tick sampling and subsequent screening of collected D. auratus ticks have detected pathogenic bacteria and viruses in D. auratus. These disease-causing pathogens that have been detected in D. auratus include Anaplasma, Bartonella, Borrelia, Rickettsia (including spotted fever group rickettsiae), African swine fever virus, Lanjan virus, and Kyasanur forest disease virus. Although D. auratus predominantly infests wild pigs, this tick is also an occasional parasite of humans and other animals. Indeed, some 91 % of human otoacariasis cases in Sri Lanka were due to infestation by D. auratus. With the propensity of this tick to feed on multiple species of hosts, including humans, and the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses from this tick, D. auratus is a tick of medical, veterinary, and indeed zoonotic concern. The geographic range of this tick, however, is not well known. Therefore, in the present paper, we used the species distribution model, BIOCLIM, to project the potential geographic range of D. auratus , which may aid pathogen and tick-vector surveillance. We showed that the potential geographic range of D. auratus is far wider than the current geographic distribution of this tick, and that regions in Africa, and in North and South America seem to have suitable climates for D. auratus. Interestingly, in Southeast Asia, Borneo and Philippines also have suitable climates for D. auratus , but D. auratus has not been found in these regions yet despite the apparent close proximity of these regions to Mainland Southeast Asia, where D. auratus occurs. We thus hypothesize that the geographic distribution of D. auratus is largely dependent on the movement of wild pigs and whether or not these wild pigs are able to overcome dispersal barriers. We also review the potential pathogens and the diseases that may be associated with D. auratus and provide an updated host index for this tick. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow Fever (YF) is a viral arbovirosis of Public Health importance. In Brazil, surveillance is focused mainly on detecting epizootic events of Platyrrhini. Herein, we compared the detection and phylogenetic analysis of YF virus in two neotropical primates (NTP), a Callithrix detected in the previous epidemic period (2016–2020), and a Callicebus nigrifons , showing a new introduction of YF in 2023. This paper illustrates the importance of joint actions of laboratory and field teams to ensure quick response to Public Health emergencies, such as the intensification of vaccination of susceptible human populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present paper summarizes different epidemiological and molecular aspects as well as the clinical disease of natural Cryptosporidium infections in humans and animals from Iraq. • Cryptosporidiosis is highly prevalent in humans and animals from Iraq. • Few molecular characterization studies on different Cryptosporidium species have been conducted. • The prevalence of Cryptosporidiumparvum is overestimated due to the use of microscopy without molecular typing in the majority of studies. • A national molecular typing survey on large number of samples from different hosts and environmental matrices is required to track Cryptosporidium transmission. The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium causes serious diarrheal disease in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes epidemiological and molecular studies as well as the clinical disease burden of natural Cryptosporidium infections in humans and animals from Iraq. Retrieved reports regarding cryptosporidiosis in Iraq indicated that the disease is highly prevalent in humans and animals, but the results extracted from these reports are confusing and mostly employed traditional methodologies for the detection of Cryptosporidium infective stage, the oocysts, in clinical samples. Many screened surveys represent point prevalence studies, which described diarrhea in infants and children due to cryptosporidiosis; however, other pathogens causing diarrhea were not excluded. High prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was recovered from many studies from different environmental matrices in different parts of Iraq including drinking tap water, which facilitates its transmission to humans and animals. Reports on molecular characterization of different Cryptosporidium species which exist in Iraq are few but both Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum were detected in humans and the latter was more prevalent in isolates from cattle, sheep, goats and birds. A national study on adequate numbers of samples from different hosts and environmental matrices, and employing advanced diagnostic methodologies is required to precisely detect the epidemiological situation of cryptosporidiosis in Iraq. Furthermore, molecular genotyping studies are required to be conducted in Iraq to characterize the species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium infecting humans and animals especially during outbreaks. Therefore, Cryptosporidium parasite should be included in the routine diagnosis and surveillance system of infectious diseases in Iraq and should be regarded as an important public health problem of concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]