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The free exchange, trade or catira is still an important form of circulation of goods in various communities of Brazil. However, its practitioners and all practical knowledge are still marginalized in management studies, under the justification that these practitioners would be amateurs, devoid of rationality and technical knowledge. This paper analyzes the identity construction of Brazilian catireiros to understand what types of rationality guide their trading practices. To this end, we interviewed 31 traders currently residing in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions, and the data collected were analyzed through French Discourse Analysis. The research pointed out that catireiros initially sought to identify and distinguish themselves from others using nouns, hence demonstrating who they are. Subsequently, the respondents used verbs that characterize their everyday catira practices, hence demonstrating what they are. In this sense, actions such as establishing contacts, getting to know people, negotiating, and understanding the market are some practices that constitute, (re)construct, and materialize the daily identities of such workers. It is also important to highlight that catireiros can also exercise different types of rationalities in different social contexts and although many have not achieved higher education, they should not have their trading practices delegitimized by the academia, since it is from these practices that they live, raise their families, and expand their business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has the objective of analyzing students' conceptions about the supervised curricular internship in the Licentiate degree in Rural Education with qualification in Arts and Music, at the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus Tocantinópolis, Brazil. We also propose with this text to address the historical and pedagogical aspects of this course, as well as to discuss the importance of the Internship for the educators' training of to work in countryside schools. This case study was based on the qualitative approach, with documentary research and semi structured interviews with students of this course as data collection instruments. The type of data analysis - theoretical and empirical - followed the perspective of the interpretative research technique. The results demonstrated that in order to overcome the challenges faced by students and teachers of the Licentiate degree in Rural Education with qualification in Arts and Music of UFT in Tocantinópolis, demands elaborating a proposal of joint training between the training institutions and the school, in the sense to guarantee actions that will attend the various subjects, especially those of the Rural Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper is a section of a larger research work to analyze the constructed dialogues among teachers in/about continuous virtual formation. Indigenous teachers from the Terena ethnicity and professors/students researchers belonging to a private University in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, make up the participating research group. Continuous education started some two years ago in the classroom and on the web. Exchanges made on the social network Facebook are focused in current paper. It should be underscored that dialogues are not always characterized by agreements and consensus, but by differences, resistance, reflections, constructions and deconstructions. They are the wealth of an intercultural group since chaos and disequilibrium may be understood as a critical perspective of the (re)constructing of other possibilities of knowledge. Data show the necessity for researchers to listening more, to being influenced by surrounding factors whilst, at the same time, others are affected. Besides, the importance of understanding established meanings with regard to continuous education as provisional and unfinished, in permanent movement, should be foregrounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes nobility in the modern period from the perspective of the overseas dominions. A short introduction on the landed nobility in the Captaincy of Goiás in the eighteenth century is forwarded as an example of our research. The paper is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the concept of nobility during the medieval period and simultaneously the transformations which occurred within the nobility in modern times; the second part shows the nobility of the Captaincy of Goiás from the perspective of overseas dominions. In other words, the possibility of creating a group of typical noble people overseas and the dynamics which resulted from the colonization process are discussed. Therefore, the article investigates the statute of the Portuguese nobility and its repercussions in mining areas which disrupted the stigma of people born outside Portugal and established privileges for services rendered in the hinterland of State Goiás. The above foregrounded a new social basis in the late 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose to analyze the relationship established by Fernando Novais with Caio Prado regarding the studies about the colonization. Putting himself as his disciple, Novais exposes his conception of colonization as a deepening means and a way to overcome the way by which the author of Formação do Brasil contemporâneo understood the colonial phenomenon. This way of putting this relationship has been accepted by both the critics and supporters of Novais, thus acquiring certainty of truth. We show in this paper that by rooting his conception of colonization in Prado's conception, Novais conceived him in a particular way: as an historian of the 'sense of colonization'. The analysis of Prado's concept of colonization shows, however, that this is part of his interpretation of the history of Brazil, as a whole. It follows that we can't isolate one from the other without disturbing the comprehension of Prado's conception. The result of our text is thus retaking the Prado's conception in its historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the trajectory of English teacher education in the Arts and Letters courses, and provide an overview of the knowledge produced and put in circulation by teacher educators in Brazil. Based on research paper abstracts submitted to a pioneering event on language teacher education in Latin America, this review analyzes the advances and gaps in this area of research. It firstly summarizes the themes of the studies, from the most to the least recurrent ones. Secondly, it looks at gaps in issues concerning activity and research in teacher education. Thirdly, the paper provides insights into how the members of this community of practice can strengthen their identities as teacher educators and establish a more dialogical and empowering relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1980s and 1990s, while the Brazilian economy performed poorly compared to previous decades, the state of Santa Catarina grew above the national average. In the 2000s, with the change of direction of the federal government's economic policy, the country resumed its growth and income distribution, but Santa Catarina economy grew below the national average. Based on the resumption of the growth rate of the Brazilian economy in the early 2000s and the loss of the growth rate of the Santa Catarina's economy in the same period, current research is analyzes which factors contributed to this result. The objective of current paper is to study the performance of the Santa Catarina's economy during the last decade by analyzing the behavior of industrial production, exports, employment and credit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper discusses the possibilities of thinking the Teaching of Sociology as a scientific field, starting from Bourdieu's idea of field. The process of the historic formulating of the Teaching of Sociology in Brazil and the logic immanent to the scientific field are taken into account, governed by a singular logic that mobilizes the various agents. The theoretical essay brings to the fore new elements for the discussion of this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article assesses emerging trends in global trade in the case of Brazil-India-China (BIC) Alliance. Although the globalized world is still recovering from the global 2008 crisis, it may be perceived that Brazil, India and China showed considerable growth during the crisis, continuing with the trend even after the crisis period. So that the growth observed in these three countries could be demonstrated, current paper is divided into three sections. The first section will deal with the emerging trends in global trade. Section two will examine emerging trends in Brazil, India, and China's foreign trade. The third section will examine the characteristics of the concept of 'new regionalism' and the role of WTO in accelerating the rate of growth in world trade for the coming years. Revised bibliography and descriptive statistics will be the methodology employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magazine 'Children', published for the teacher of early childhood education, has been selected as theme, source and object for history writing since it is a sample that pervades the institutionalization of education in early childhood in Brazil. The aim of current paper is the interpretation of the section titled 'Letters to the Teacher', used primarily to advertise each editions and to inform on activities and themes related to education in early childhood. Two main categories are proposed, or rather, the teacher in the education of early childhood as a participant in the drafting of the magazine and 'Children' as a tool for the guidance of practices that may be developed by teachers. The issues between numbers 29 (BRASIL, [ca.1996]) and 37 (BRASIL, 2002b), within the two terms of Fernando Henrique Cardoso's administration, triggered discussions that prioritized the form and contents of the section 'Letters to the Teacher'. The letters highlight that teachers should be creative, reflective and responsible for spreading quality in the praxis of education in early childhood. Results show that the magazine 'Children' provides several approaches to the writing of history for the historians of Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the relationship between the advent of new digital recording technologies, the use of the internet as a media marketing structure and the rise of independent music production. This analysis investigates the so-called independent phonographic market ('open markets') since, within the context of the information society, the use of software and hardware in production processes and recording of popular music reduced recording costs and the emergence of independent record labels and artists. The concept of cyberspace as a new form of broadcasting - network - symbolic goods is legitimated. Brasilia, a city that became prominent in the Brazilian music scene due to the rise of independent bands featuring different musical styles, is thus focused. Members of two bands from Brasilia were interviewed by e-mail. They were an asset in understanding how the production and promotion processes of a band without any contract with a traditional label took place. The survey revealed that digital recording has made the manufacture of phonograms easier. With the aid of the internet and specifically through the social networks, the enhancement of independent bands became possible even without large investments and organizational materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current essay is part of the contemporary environmental debate, specifically with regard to discussions on the institutionalization of the environmental field in Brazil. The formation and consolidation process of environmental knowledge as an autonomous field is debated. The paper draws up on research in a subfield of sociology, namely environmental sociology, which takes as its 'issue' the interface between biophysical and socio-cultural environment. Results show that the social representation of environmental issues may contribute towards the process of the constitution and consolidation of environmental knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of an activity being carried out in Rua da Palha community, located in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This community is basically remnants of Quilombolas (group of people) engaged in fishing activities as a form of subsistence way of living over some generations. By snow ball technic, focusing on the local reality as the main object, 25 families were selected for interview considering: the socioeconomic relationships involved in fishing, the governmental supports to their necessities, their link to the environment and to how the same have survived over the last decades. Result demonstrated that the community is still living in a state of privation and poverty that makes many members to move out by the preference to live in the state capital or other cities. However, in order to minimize the negative influence, life improvement was observed in their living conditions, especially after the State and Federal Government supports against death occurrence of crabs and shellfish in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives this paper were to monitor and analyze the parameters: temperature, relative humidity, air speed and direction wind, to understand as occurred the main frames of discomfort or thermal comfort in two contrasting periods of the 2009 (summer and winter) in Ourinhos. In different environments were installed measuring instruments to measure the meteorological variables. The Beaufort scale allowed classifying speed wind. From the Excel application and from the Software Surfer 8 performed the analysis of variables. Finally, from the diagram of human comfort it was found the points of greatest vulnerability to adverse weather conditions. It was possible to verify that the chosen points are shown in accordance with the expected characteristics, in other words, different structures of the environment affect systematically the dynamics of climate. Thus, Ourinhos, São Paulo State, has a tendency to present phenomena as heat islands. It can be concluded that the production of space of this city has favored the framework of environmental degradation and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian politicians: parties and financial resources of the Chamber of Deputies (1995-2002). This paper analyzes, for the 1995-2002 period, the personal financial resources of the members of the parliamentary elite of the Chamber of Deputies during the Fernando Henrique Cardoso terms. The members of this select group occupy the main key positions, carry out important activities and have influence on the main decisions of the Chamber of Deputies. The results were: a) most of them have financial resources lower than R$ 200,000; b) the main parties of the coalition, which give support to the Executive power, have financial resources between R$ 500,000 and 2 million; and c) there was a growth in financial resources for some political parties. The methodological procedure used involved the analysis of biographical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to analyze how the extractivist population use and conserve the Hancornia speciosa Gomes remainders in the state of Sergipe (Northeastern Brazil). The research methodology was predominantly qualitative, consisting of the surveying of primary (structured and semi-structured interviews, participative analysis) and secondary data, organized to constitute a general exploration picture, valuing the conservation action plans, use and commercialization of remainder crops. The data was analyzed focusing on the characteristics of the Hancornia speciosa Gomes female collectors already depicted in the literature (Mota e Silva Júnior, 2003; Mota et al., 2003a e b). The genre perspective and the past/present relation were also considered in the analysis. The main conclusions show that they have been able to manage the genetic resources of that species, through a traditional handling perspective that combines action and knowledge (according to the natural resources features, seasons, access to remainders etc.) in a context of increasing valuation of the fruit in both local and regional markets, but also considering the threats (tourism, agriculture and real estate speculation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1960's and 70's represent a period of vast artistic and cultural production in Brazil; however, censorship was the largest dilemma faced by artists, writers and playwrights. In the field of theater, Nelson Rodrigues (1912-1980), Jorge Andrade (1922-1994), and Plínio Marcos (1933-1999) -- each in his own style -- were censored for their productions. This paper presents a study of the play Dois perdidos numa noite suja ("Two Lost Souls On A Dirty Night") (1966), by Plínio Marcos, which deals with the conflicts of minority and marginalized social groups. The countercultural aspect of language and its use as a mask is postulated in this article, reflecting on how its use within Plínio Marcos' dramatic text becomes a tool for the execration of dilemmas and social-historical-cultural conflicts in Brazil (1960-1970). The process of revealing raw language is sustained in the continuous use of slang and swear words, aiming to affect the other or society itself. The analysis of the play is based on and is evidenced from the dramatic text, and not on its staging style or dramatic nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data from Writing and grammar teaching: a new look at an old problem (State University of Londrina, Brazil), a research project of procedural and ethnographic basis that describes the diagnostic process and discusses a proposal for intervention in the pedagogic approach of teachers in the latter grades of middle school about approaching discursive genre/opinion article. Thus, we approach the diagnosis accomplished in four middle-school grades, in public schools in the cities of Londrina and Maringá, State of Paraná, Brazil. The data analyzed constituted the trigger element of the intervention process: the contextualization of grammar teaching to the practices of reading and writing/rewriting, taking into account the needs and/or difficulties of Portuguese language teachers and the language conception(s) that -- consciously or unconsciously -- they seem to hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]