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The effect of uniaxial single-ion anisotropy on magnetic and critical properties of the mixed spin-1/2 and spin- S (S > 1=2) Ising model on a three-coordinated Bethe lattice is rigorously examined with the help of star-triangle transformation and exact recursion relations. In particular, our attention is focused on the ferrimagnetic version of the model, which exhibits diverse temperature dependences of the total and both sublattice magnetizations. It is shown that the critical behavior of the mixed-spin Ising model on the Bethe lattice basically depends on whether the quantum spin number S is integer or half-odd-integer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]