128 results
Search Results
2. An overview of how on-call consultant paediatricians can recognise and manage severe primary immunodeficiencies.
- Author
-
Wekell, Per, Hertting, Olof, Holmgren, Daniel, and Fasth, Anders
- Subjects
CHRONIC granulomatous disease ,PEDIATRICIANS ,SEVERE combined immunodeficiency ,IMMUNOLOGICAL deficiency syndromes ,CONSULTANTS ,PRIMARY immunodeficiency diseases ,GRANULOMA ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,NEUTROPENIA ,PEDIATRICS ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL referrals ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Severe primary paediatric immunodeficiency syndromes are rare and potentially fatal unless suspected, diagnosed and treated early. We provide clinical guidance and support for on-call consultant paediatricians working in secondary level hospitals on how to recognise and manage children with these conditions. Our paper addresses four conditions that risk the most severe outcomes if they are not adequately cared for during on-call periods, such as weekends: severe combined immunodeficiency, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, severe congenital neutropaenia and chronic granulomatous disease. CONCLUSION: On-call paediatricians are provided with advice on handling the most severe primary immunodeficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Parental understanding of relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome-Where are the knowledge gaps?
- Author
-
Lo Cao, Edward, Amir, Noa, McKay, Ashlene, and Durkan, Anne M.
- Subjects
NEPHROTIC syndrome ,KNOWLEDGE gap theory ,URINALYSIS ,INTERNET searching ,ACCESS to information ,NEPHROTIC syndrome diagnosis ,RESEARCH ,STEROIDS ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,DISEASE relapse ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PARENTS ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Aim: To assess parental understanding of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and its management, to enable targeted education in areas of deficit.Methods: Families of children with at least one relapse of INS were interviewed, following a template covering key domains of (a) disease understanding, (b) management of INS and (c) access to information. Common trends and responses were identified and notable observations recorded.Results: Twenty-one parents were interviewed. The mean duration of INS was 4.4 years (range 0.5-14.5 years), with a mean of two steroid-sparing agents used. Although 90% parents self-reported that they understood INS, only 29% could appropriately define relapse and 24% name potential complications. The management of INS was generally good, with most parents appropriately testing urine (81%) and managing relapses (90%). Unnecessary dietary restrictions were imposed on 57% during remission. The Internet was searched by 90% of parents for disease and drug information. Further information was desired in paper form (71%), hospital website (81%) and face-to-face workshop (90%), plus educational materials for schools.Conclusion: Parents overestimated their understanding of INS; however, their management was generally well done. Parents desired more information and support in various forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Stunting, recovery from stunting and puberty development in the MINIMat cohort, Bangladesh.
- Author
-
Svefors, Pernilla, Pervin, Jesmin, Islam Khan, Ashraful, Rahman, Anisur, Ekström, Eva‐Charlotte, El Arifeen, Shams, Ekholm Selling, Katarina, Persson, Lars‐Åke, Ekström, Eva-Charlotte, and Persson, Lars-Åke
- Subjects
PUBERTY ,CHILD development ,BIRTH size ,STUNTED growth ,MENARCHE ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GROWTH disorders ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aim: This paper aimed to analyse the association between small for size at birth, stunting, recovery from stunting and pubertal development in a rural Bangladeshi cohort.Methods: The participants were 994 girls and 987 boys whose mothers participated in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab trial. The birth cohort was followed from birth to puberty 2001-2017. Pubertal development according to Tanner was self-assessed. Age at menarche was determined and in boys, consecutive height measurements were used to ascertain whether pubertal growth spurt had started. The exposures and outcomes were modelled by Cox's proportional hazards analyses and logistic regression.Results: There was no difference in age at menarche between girls that were small or appropriate for gestational age at birth. Boys born small for gestational age entered their pubertal growth spurt later than those with appropriate weight. Children who were stunted had later pubertal development, age at menarche and onset of growth spurt than non-stunted children. Children who recovered from infant or early childhood stunting had similar pubertal development as non-stunted children.Conclusion: Infant and childhood stunting was associated with a later pubertal development. Recovery from stunting was not associated with earlier puberty in comparison with non-stunted children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Are data on the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding reliable? The case of Italy.
- Author
-
Cattaneo, A, Davanzo, R, and Ronfani, L
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,AGE distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,EVALUATION research ,ACQUISITION of data ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Many countries produce data on the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding, but are they reliable? We reviewed 16 studies on breastfeeding in Italy published after 1990. They report a prevalence of breastfeeding at and around birth ranging from 66% to 91%, decreasing to 17-52% at 4 mo and 28-36% at 6 mo. Most studies refer to a non-representative sample of the Italian population. Two studies used standard definitions of breastfeeding, but their results are difficult to interpret or cannot be generalized. Five other studies used non-standard definitions that undermine the interpretation of results. The remaining nine studies used no definition at all. All studies used a recall period different from 24 h, or from the whole hospital stay for breastfeeding at discharge, making the interpretation of results even more difficult. We conclude that the published information gives an inaccurate picture of the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in Italy, leading to unjustified optimism and inaction. The actual figures may be lower, as shown by preliminary data from a small Italian region: using standard definitions and methods during a 9-mo monitoring period, exclusive breastfeeding averaged 35% at discharge and 23% at about 4 mo of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Parental views on the principles for cluster randomised trials involving neonates and infants.
- Author
-
Thiele, Nicole, Walz, Johanna M., Lindacher, Verena, Mader, Silke, Greisen, Gorm, Bonnard, Livia Nagy, Daly, Mandy, Guerra, Paula, Makaruk, Tomasz, Steenbrugge, Gert, Vavouraki, Eleni, Verhaest, Yannic, Virchez, Mónica, and EFCNI Parents Advisory Board
- Subjects
NEWBORN infants ,INFANTS ,NEWBORN infant care ,CLINICAL trials ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,PATIENT selection - Abstract
The article highlights views from several parents on the principles for cluster randomised trials that involve infants and neonates. Topics include the role of the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants in bringing together healthcare experts and scientists and parents with shared goals to boost the long-term health of newborn and pre-term infants and the importance to provide infants with best possible care, treatment and prevention.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Beyond the insiders' circle: disseminating the results of adolescent health surveys.
- Author
-
Michaud, Pierre-Andre and Jeannin, Andre
- Subjects
ADOLESCENT health ,HEALTH surveys ,MEDICAL personnel ,PUBLIC health ,HEALTH ,ADOLESCENT medicine ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH education ,HEALTH status indicators ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,POLICY sciences ,PREVENTIVE health services ,RESEARCH ,SURVEYS ,EVALUATION research ,RESEARCH bias ,ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Unlabelled: Adolescent health surveys, like those for other segments of the population, tend to remain in the hands of researchers, where they can have no real impact on the way critical health issues are dealt with by policy makers or other professionals directly connected to young people in their everyday work. This paper reviews important issues concerning the dissemination of survey results among professionals from various fields. The content, length and wording of the messages should be tailored to the audience one wants to reach as well as the type of channels used for their diffusion. Survey data sets can be used to select priorities for interventions: ad hoc presentations, attractive summaries and brochures, or even films expressing young peoples' opinions have been used by European public health professionals to make data sets usable in various local, regional and national contexts.Conclusion: The impact of these diffusion strategies is, however, difficult to assess and needs to be refined. The adequate delivery of survey findings as well as advocacy and lobbying activities require specific skills which can be endorsed by specialized professionals. Ultimately, it is the researchers' responsibility to ensure that such tasks are effectively performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Resting energy expenditure in obese children aged 4 to 15 years: measured versus predicted data.
- Author
-
Schmelzle, H., Schröder, C., Armbrust, S., Unverzagt, S., Fusch, C., and Schröder, C
- Subjects
VITALITY ,HUMAN body composition ,INDIRECT calorimetry ,BODY weight ,OVERWEIGHT children ,REGRESSION analysis ,PEDIATRICS ,BASAL metabolism ,BODY composition ,CALORIMETRY ,CLINICAL trials ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,OBESITY ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,EVALUATION research ,BODY mass index ,PHOTON absorptiometry - Abstract
Aim: To measure the relationship of resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition, and to compare REE data calculated from anthropometric parameters using published equations with measurements obtained by indirect calorimetry (IC) in a population of obese paediatric patients.Methods: The study included 82 healthy obese paediatric subjects (49 boys, 33 girls; body mass index 29.6 +/- 5.0 kg/m , age 1 1.4 +/- 2.6 y, weight 72.4 +/- 20.9 kg, height 155 +/- 14 cm). REE was measured by IC, body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bootstrap analysis was performed to validate the step-down linear regression analysis results.Results: Lean body mass (LBM) and weight were identified as the most significant determinants of REE. LBM was the best single predictor (r = 0.78; p < 0.001) for REE. Regression equations are given in the text. Prediction of REE on the basis of published anthropometric formulas was strongly dependent from the equation used. Some equations tend to underestimate REE in the population studied with a considerable systematic error.Conclusion: In the present paper we show that (1) the published equations to predict REE in obese subjects yield scattered data and some are even biased by a systematic error, and that (2) the inclusion of DXA-derived LBM improves accuracy and precision of predicted REE in boys and girls aged from 4 to 10 y and in boys from 11 to 15 y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Defecation problems in children with Hirschsprung's disease: a prospective controlled study of a multidisciplinary behavioural treatment.
- Author
-
Van Kuyk, EM, Brugman-Boezeman, ATM, Wissink-Essink, M, Oerlemans, HM, Severijnen, RSVM, Bleijenberg, G, van Kuyk, E M, Brugman-Boezeman, A T, Oerlemans, H M, and Severijnen, R S
- Subjects
HIRSCHSPRUNG'S disease ,DEFECATION disorders ,BEHAVIOR modification ,BEHAVIOR therapy ,CLINICAL trials ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONSTIPATION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Unlabelled: Constipation, faecal incontinence, soiling and difficult toilet training remain significant problems in children with Hirschsprung's disease after corrective surgery. Chronic defecation problems can have various negative implications. At the University Medical Centre Nijmegen, a multidisciplinary behavioural treatment was developed to treat defecation problems. In this paper, a prospective controlled study is presented concerning the effect of this treatment upon children suffering from chronic defecation problems following corrective surgery for Hirschsprung's disease. The effect of treatment was studied in 27 children (21M, 6F, mean age 5.2y, range 2-11 y). Fourteen children were allocated to the experimental treatment group. The 13 children allocated to the waiting-list control group were also treated following a waiting period of 6 mo. On all outcome variables, children in the experimental treatment group had significantly better results after treatment than children in the waiting-list control group after the waiting period. No effect of age upon treatment was found. The effect of treatment remained significant on all outcome variables at a mean follow-up of 7 mo after the end of treatment.Conclusion: Multidisciplinary behavioural treatment is successful in decreasing chronic defecation problems in children with Hirschsprung's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Major concerns about late hypothermia study.
- Author
-
Walløe, Lars, Hjort, Nils Lid, and Thoresen, Marianne
- Subjects
CEREBRAL anoxia-ischemia ,HYPOTHERMIA ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INDUCED hypothermia ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
The article discusses neonatal hypothermia trial on hypoxia induced encephalopathy, focusing on neurological examination of the infants, birth time of infants and probability of a treatment. Topics include experiment of new born animals, bayesian analysis after postpartum and confidence probability of infants.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Survey of healthcare professional and parental experience in accessing support for breastfeeding during an acute hospital admission.
- Author
-
Marino, L V, Kidd, C S, Davies, N J, Thomas, P C, Williams, S W, and Beattie, R M
- Subjects
HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,BREASTFEEDING ,HOSPITAL care of newborn infants ,ALLIED health personnel ,PATIENT-professional relations ,MEDICAL personnel ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HOSPITAL care ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NEEDS assessment ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,ACUTE diseases ,BREASTFEEDING techniques - Abstract
The article offers information on a survey of healthcare professional and parental experience in accessing support for breastfeeding during an acute hospital admission in the U.S. The topics addressed include details on the factors which impact on the parental experience of breastfeeding in a hospital setting comprising modes of feeding, maternal stress or anxiety, and access to support and equipment.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Lack of correlation between fatty acid oxidation disorders and haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome?
- Author
-
Holub, M., Bodamer, O. A., Item, C., Mühl, A., Pollak, A., Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, S., Mühl, A, and Stöckler-Ipsiroglu, S
- Subjects
- *
FATTY acids , *OXIDATION , *LIVER cells , *BLOOD platelets , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *DNA polymerases , *DEHYDROGENASES , *CARNITINE , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *INBORN errors of metabolism , *OXIDOREDUCTASES , *RESEARCH , *EVALUATION research , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *CASE-control method , *HELLP syndrome , *SEQUENCE analysis , *DISEASE complications ,INBORN errors of metabolism diagnosis - Abstract
Aim: Fatty acid beta-oxidation defects comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders that may precipitate acute life threatening metabolic crises particularly during catabolic episodes. Several studies have demonstrated a possible association between fatty acid beta-oxidation defects, including long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and severe pregnancy complications. However, the precise percentage of women with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome associated with foetal fatty acid beta-oxidation defects is not known.Methods: We carried out a multicentre retrospective study on 88 infants, born to women with HELLP syndrome. Acylcarnitine profiles from blood dried on filter paper cards were analysed by tandem mass spectrometry for the diagnosis of fatty acid beta-oxidation defects. In addition, we screened for the common long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency mutation using a standard restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction method.Results: None of the infants studied carried the common long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency mutation. There was no evidence of fatty acid beta-oxidation defects, including long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, as expected by unremarkable acylcarnitine profiles, while three infants with fatty acid beta-oxidation defects were diagnosed in the control group.Conclusions: Neither foetal long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, including heterozygosity for the common long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency mutation, nor fatty acid beta-oxidation defects in general are a major risk factor for HELLP syndrome in Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Insights into adolescent well-being from computerised analysis of written language.
- Author
-
Shearer, Natalie J., Gillespie, Alanna N., Olds, Tim S., Mensah, Fiona K., Edwards, Ben, Fernando, Julian W., Wang, Yichao, Wake, Melissa, and Lycett, Kate
- Subjects
TEENAGERS ,WRITTEN communication ,LIFE satisfaction ,QUALITY of life ,LINGUISTICS ,WORD frequency ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,LANGUAGE & languages ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Aim: To examine associations between patterns of language use and early adolescent well-being.Methods: Participants were 1763 Australian 11- to 12-year-olds in the Child Health CheckPoint. Six patterns of language use were identified from a writing activity using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count and factor analysis: Acting in the present and future, Positive emotion, Gender and relationships, Self-aware, Inquisitive and time focused, and Confident. Well-being measures represented a spectrum from negatively to positively framed psychosocial health. Associations between language use and well-being were estimated using linear regression adjusted for age, sex and social disadvantage.Results: Positive emotion (high emotional tone, positive emotion) was associated with better general well-being (standardised regression coefficient (SRC) 0.05; 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.11; p = 0.04), life satisfaction (0.06; 0.01 to 0.11; p = 0.03), psychosocial health (0.07; 0.02 to 0.12; p = 0.01) and quality of life (QoL) (0.06; 0.01 to 0.11; p = 0.02). Similarly, Self-aware (high first person singular pronouns, authentic, low clout) was associated with better general well-being, life satisfaction and psychosocial health (SRC 0.05, 0.09, 0.08), but Confident (high clout, first person plural pronouns, affiliation) was associated with worse life satisfaction, psychosocial health and QoL (SRC -0.06, -0.09, -0.06).Conclusion: If replicated in 'real-world' settings (e.g., social media), language patterns could provide naturalistic insights into early adolescents' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity.
- Author
-
Björk, Anna, Dahlgren, Jovanna, Gronowitz, Eva, Henriksson Wessely, Fanny, Janson, Annika, Engström, My, Sjögren, Lovisa, Olbers, Torsten, and Järvholm, Kajsa
- Subjects
BARIATRIC surgery ,BINGE-eating disorder ,COMPULSIVE eating ,MORBID obesity ,TEENAGERS ,NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment for infants ,GASTRIC bypass ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,BULIMIA ,DISEASE prevalence ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents with severe obesity and their associations with binge eating and depression.Methods: Data were collected at inclusion in a randomised study of bariatric surgery in 48 adolescents (73% girls; mean age 15.7 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index 42.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2 ). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their adolescents' symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder and reported earlier diagnoses. Patients answered self-report questionnaires on binge eating and depressive symptoms.Results: The parents of 26/48 adolescents (54%) reported scores above cut-off for symptoms of the targeted disorders in their adolescents, but only 15% reported a diagnosis, 32% of adolescents reported binge eating, and 20% reported symptoms of clinical depression. No significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental problems and binge eating or depressive symptoms. Only a third of the adolescents reported no problems in either area.Conclusion: Two thirds of adolescents seeking surgical weight loss presented with substantial mental health problems (reported by themselves or their parents). This illustrates the importance of a multi-professional approach and the need to screen for and treat mental health disorders in adolescents with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Full compliance with Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis was associated with fewer respiratory-related hospital admissions in preterm children: A cohort study.
- Author
-
Torchin, Heloise, Charkaluk, Marie‐Laure, Rousseau, Jessica, Marchand‐Martin, Laetitia, Treluyer, Ludovic, Nuytten, Alexandra, Truffert, Patrick, Jarreau, Pierre‐Henri, Ancel, Pierre‐Yves, Charkaluk, Marie-Laure, Marchand-Martin, Laetitia, Jarreau, Pierre-Henri, and Ancel, Pierre-Yves
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,COHORT analysis ,RESPIRATORY infections ,THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies ,HOSPITALS ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HOSPITAL care ,RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aim: Although well documented in randomised trials, the efficacy of prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in real-word conditions is less studied. The objective was to assess the impact of partial versus full RSV prophylaxis for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and ARI-related hospital admissions in preterm children.Methods: This study included children born preterm in 2011 in France who were eligible for RSV prophylaxis and received at least one palivizumab dose from October 2011 to March 2012. Full prophylaxis was defined as receiving at least one palivizumab dose for each month of RSV exposure in the community. Children with full and partial prophylaxis were matched, and odds of ARIs and ARI-related hospital admission were compared by logistic regression.Results: Full prophylaxis concerned 861/1083 (80%) children. As compared with full prophylaxis, partial prophylaxis was not associated with ARI occurrence (odds ratio OR 1.3, 95% confidence interval CI 0.9-1.9) but was significantly associated with ARI-related hospital admission during the RSV epidemic (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9).Conclusion: During the 2011-2012 RSV epidemic, hospital admission rates were higher for preterm children with partial than full RSV prophylaxis. Improving compliance could help alleviate the burden of RSV on healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Body mass index trajectories up to preschool age in a multi-ethnic population; relations with maternal gestational diabetes, BMI and gestational weight gain.
- Author
-
Toftemo, Ingun, Jenum, Anne Karen, and Sletner, Line
- Subjects
WEIGHT gain ,GESTATIONAL diabetes ,BODY mass index ,POPULATION aging ,CHILDBIRTH ,OBESITY ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,GESTATIONAL age ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Aim: Independent effects of gestational diabetes (GDM), maternal prepregnant obesity and gestational weight gain on offspring BMI and obesity are scarcely documented. We examined associations between GDM and children's BMI trajectories from birth to 4-5 years age, and effects of prepregnant obesity and gestational weight gain not mediated through GDM.Methods: We included 734 children from a population-based, multi-ethnic cohort of women and their offspring followed from early pregnancy. All women were screened for GDM. Using linear mixed models, we explored associations between maternal factors and children's BMI development through seven serial measurements.Results: At birth and age 4-5 years, BMI of children exposed to GDM was similar to those not exposed. However, they had slower BMI growth (B = -0.1 BMI units/month (95% CI: -0.17, -0.04)) during first 6 months, and faster BMI growth from 6 months to 4-5 years. Maternal prepregnant obesity was associated with higher child BMI at birth, and thereafter persistently higher BMI. High gestational weight gain was associated with faster BMI growth from 6 months to 4-5 years.Conclusion: Effects of maternal GDM, prepregnant obesity, and gestational weight gain on children's BMI and BMI trajectories from birth to preschool age differed in relation to effect size, timing and direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Multicentre study found that adherence to national antibiotic recommendations for neonatal early-onset sepsis was low.
- Author
-
Weijden, Bo M., Achten, Niek B., Bekhof, Jolita, Evers, Esther E., Berk, Mylène, Kamps, Arvid W.A., Rijpert, Maarten, ten Tusscher, Gavin W., Houten, Marlies A., Plötz, Frans B., van der Weijden, Bo M, and van Houten, Marlies A
- Subjects
NEONATAL sepsis ,ANTIBIOTICS ,STREPTOCOCCUS agalactiae ,MEDICAL personnel ,NEWBORN infants ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,SEPSIS ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Aim: Our aim was to evaluate adherence to the Dutch neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) guidelines, adapted from UK guidance. We also looked at the effect on antibiotic recommendations and duration.Method: This was a multicentre, prospective observational cross-sectional study carried out in seven hospitals in the Netherlands between 1 September 2018 and 1 November 2019. We enrolled 1024 neonates born at 32 weeks of gestation or later if they demonstrated at least one EOS risk factor or clinical signs of infection.Results: The Dutch guidelines recommended antibiotic treatment for 438/1024 (42.8%) of the neonates designated at risk, but only 186/438 (42.5%) received antibiotics. The guidelines advised withholding antibiotics for 586/1024 (57.2%) of neonates and in 570/586 (97.3%) cases the clinicians adhered to this recommendation. Blood cultures were obtained for 182/186 (97.8%) infants who started antibiotics and only four were positive, for group B streptococci. Antibiotic treatment was continued for more than 3 days in 56/178 (31.5%) neonates, despite a negative blood culture.Conclusion: Low adherence to the Dutch guidelines meant that the majority of neonates did not receive the antibiotic treatment that was recommended, while some antibiotic use was prolonged despite negative blood cultures. The guidelines need to be revised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Relative age is associated with bullying victimisation and perpetration among children aged eight to nine.
- Author
-
Tiiri, Elina, Lempinen, Lotta, Chudal, Roshan, Vuori, Miika, and Sourander, Andre
- Subjects
SYMPTOMS ,ODDS ratio ,AGE ,CROSS-sectional method ,BULLYING ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,CRIME victims ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
Aim: To assess whether relative age was associated with bullying involvement and whether the associations were independent of child psychiatric symptoms.Methods: Bullying was assessed among 8576 children in the second grade, aged 8 years, by using four cross-sectional population-based studies with identical methodology completed by children, parents and teachers in 1989 (response rate 97%), 1999 (93%), 2005 (90%) and 2013 (86%). The main outcomes were bullying victimisation and perpetration. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with the relatively oldest as the reference group and adjusted for child psychiatric symptoms.Results: The relatively youngest children, born September to December, were compared with the relatively oldest, born January to April. The youngest children had increased odds of being victims according to child (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4) and parent reports (OR 1.2 95% CI 1.008-1.4). The youngest also had decreased odds of being perpetrators according to child (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.96) and teacher reports (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.95). These findings were independent of psychiatric symptoms.Conclusion: The relative age effects which were found in bullying involvement were independent of psychiatric symptoms. Considering this newly recognised risk factor for victimisation is important within anti-bullying practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Peer support groups for families in Neonatology: Why and how to get started?
- Author
-
Dahan, Sonia, Bourque, Claude Julie, Reichherzer, Martin, Prince, Josée, Mantha, Ginette, Savaria, Melissa, and Janvier, Annie
- Subjects
SUPPORT groups ,AGE groups ,PEERS ,INTENSIVE care units ,NEONATAL intensive care ,PILOT projects ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,NEONATAL intensive care units ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,NEONATOLOGY ,PARENTS - Abstract
Aim: To describe the development of peer-to-peer support meetings between parents of children in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and veteran resource parents who had a previous NICU experience.Methods: The study had two steps: a needs assessment and a feasibility pilot study. Parental perspectives were investigated using mixed methods.Results: One hundred and fifty-three parents were participated. NICU parents (89%) wished to meet resource parents to discuss: their parental role, normalising their experience and emotions, adapting to their new reality, control, guilt, trust and coping. Practical aspects of the meetings were tested/finalised. Resource parent moderators reported that the presence of more than one moderator per meeting was essential. A checklist of topics to discuss was developed. Having a diversity of moderators (fathers, diagnoses other than prematurity, for example) was judged important. The name of the meeting had an impact on attendance: there were less participants when the word "support" was used. The best location (central, parents' kitchen) and optimal time/duration of meetings, selection of parent moderators and compensation were also determined.Conclusion: Peer support meetings moderated by resource parents provide a unique and useful means to support NICU parents. Future investigations will explore whether these meetings will improve clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Pertussis epidemiology and effect of vaccination among diagnosed children at Vietnam, 2015-2018.
- Author
-
Pham, Nhung T. H., Le, Nhan D. T., Le, Ngai K., Nguyen, Khoa D., Larsson, Mattias, Olson, Linus, and Tran, Dien M.
- Subjects
WHOOPING cough ,MEDICAL records ,VACCINATION of children ,LENGTH of stay in hospitals ,VACCINATION ,COUGH ,RESEARCH ,IMMUNIZATION ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL protocols ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,WHOOPING cough vaccines - Abstract
Aim: To evaluate effect and costs of pertussis vaccination at Vietnam National Children's Hospital.Methods: Pertussis cases were defined by positive laboratory tests of children under 5 years January 2015-June 2018, and data on patient characteristics, clinical data and hospitalisation costs were collected through patient records.Results: Of 909 inpatients, 400 (44%) were <2 months, the age for first DPT vaccination, and mechanical ventilation was more common than in children >2 months (9% vs 4%, OR = 2.3, CI 1.3-3.9), as well as persistent cough (99%), violent cough (87%) and pneumonia (91%). Comparing non-vaccinated (172 cases, 19%) and DPT vaccinated patients >2 months of age hospitalisation was 106-fold higher (149.6 vs 1.39 per 100 000 population), and proportion of severe patients, length of hospital stay and hospitalisation costs were significantly greater (23.9% vs 12.8%; 13 vs 10 days; 826 USD vs 582 USD, CI 23-423, P = .03).Conclusion: Incidence and proportion of complications among under 2-month infants were higher than in older patients. DPT vaccination protects children from pertussis infection, and in case of pertussis infection decreases severity. Results indicate that the Ministry of Health should consider adding a booster vaccine for pregnant women in an extended vaccination programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Troponin T correlates with MRI results in neonatal encephalopathy.
- Author
-
Sweetman, Deirdre U., Kelly, Lynne, Hurley, Tim, Onwuneme, Chike, Watson, R. William Gordon, Murphy, John F. A., Slevin, Marie, Donoghue, Veronica, and Molloy, Eleanor J.
- Subjects
TROPONIN ,ASPHYXIA neonatorum ,THERAPEUTIC hypothermia ,INFANT development ,REPRODUCTIVE history ,INDUCED hypothermia ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,CEREBRAL anoxia-ischemia ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Aim: Troponin is a sensitive marker of asphyxia in term infants mirroring the myocardial injury sustained in global hypoxia-ischaemia. In addition, troponin is a sensitive marker of severity of stroke in adults and neonatal encephalopathy (NE). We aimed to examine the relationship between troponin T in infants with perinatal asphyxia and brain injury on MRI and correlate with neurodevelopmental outcome.Methods: Serum troponin was sampled in infants requiring resuscitation at birth and/or neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary referral neonatal centre. Birth history, clinical parameters, neuroimaging and developmental outcome (Bayley Scores of Infant Development [BSID] III) were evaluated.Results: Infants with perinatal asphyxia (n = 54) had serum troponin T measured and 27 required therapeutic hypothermia. Troponin T levels on days 1 and 2 were predictive of need for TH, development of seizures and grade II/III NE (AUC = 0.7; P-values < .001), troponin T levels on days 1, 2 and 3 were highly significant predictors of mortality (AUC = 0.99, P-values .005). The cut-off values of troponin T for best prediction of mortality were 0.84, 0.63 and 0.58 ng/mL on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Troponin T on day 3 of life was predictive of injury in the combined area of basal ganglia/watershed on MRI (AUC 0.70; P-value = .045).Conclusion: Infants with brain injury on neuroimaging following perinatal asphyxia had significantly elevated serum troponin, and troponin also correlated with developmental scores at 2 years. Further studies combining troponin and MRI may assist in the classification of neonatal brain injury to define aetiology, prognosis and response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Strategies discussed at the XIIth international conference on Kangaroo mother care for implementation on a countrywide scale.
- Author
-
Charpak, Nathalie, Angel, María I., Banker, Deepa, Bergh, Anne‐Marie, María Bertolotto, Ana, De Leon‐Mendoza, Socorro, Godoy, Natalia, Lincetto, Ornella, Lozano, Juan M., Ludington‐Hoe, Susan, Mazia, Goldy, Mokhachane, Mantoa, Montealegre, Adriana, Ramirez, Erika, Sirivansanti, Nicole, Solano, Jose Maria, Day, Louise-Tina, Uy, Maria Esterlita, Bergh, Anne-Marie, and De Leon-Mendoza, Socorro
- Subjects
MOTHERS ,KANGAROOS ,LOW birth weight ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,MEDICAL personnel ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,POSTNATAL care ,INFANT mortality - Abstract
Aim: Building strategies for the country-level dissemination of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) to reduce the mortality rate in preterm and low birth weight babies and improve quality of life. KMC is an evidence-based healthcare method for these infants. However, KMC implementation at the global level remains low.Methods: The international network in Kangaroo mother brought 172 KMC professionals from 33 countries together for a 2-day workshop held in conjunction with the XIIth International KMC Conference in Bogota, Colombia, in November 2018. Participants worked in clusters to formulate strategies for country-level dissemination and scale-up according to seven pre-established objectives.Results: The minimum set of indicators for KMC scale-up proposed by the internationally diverse groups is presented. The strategies for KMC integration and implementation at the country level, as well as the approaches for convincing healthcare providers of the safety of KMC transportation, are also described. Finally, the main aspects concerning KMC follow-up and KMC for term infants are presented.Conclusion: In this collaborative meeting, participants from low-, middle- and high-income countries combined their knowledge and experience to identify the best strategies to implement KMC at a countrywide scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Insufficient referral practices of sick children in Ethiopia shown in a cross-sectional survey.
- Author
-
Beyene, Habtamu, Hailu, Dejene, Tadele, Henok, Persson, Lars Åke, and Berhanu, Della
- Subjects
CHILD mortality ,VISITING the sick ,BACTERIAL diseases ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL referrals ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Aim: This study aimed at assessing the referral of sick young infants and children from the community, health posts and health centres to higher levels.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four of the largest Ethiopian regions from December 2016 to February 2017. Referral practices were assessed at each level in 46 districts of these regions. Interviews were supplemented by reviews of registers at health posts and health centres.Results: The women's development group leaders, who do not provide health services, referred half of the sick children they visited in the community to the health posts. The health extension workers referred 16% of the sick young infants and 6% of older infants and children to higher levels. From health centres, the health workers referred 6% of sick young infants and 1% of older infants and children to hospital. Many cases of possible severe bacterial infection were not referred to higher levels. A functional ambulance was available for a bit more than a third of the health centres.Conclusion: Referral practices of sick young infants and children at all levels were weak that may threaten the continued reduction of child mortality in Ethiopia. Referral logistics were insufficient, which partly could explain the missing referrals of severely ill infants and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Low socio-economic conditions and prematurity-related morbidities explain healthcare use and costs for 2-year-old very preterm children.
- Author
-
Meregaglia, Michela, Croci, Ileana, Brusco, Carla, Herich, Lena C., Di Lallo, Domenico, Gargano, Giancarlo, Carnielli, Virgilio, Zeitlin, Jennifer, Fattore, Giovanni, and Cuttini, Marina
- Subjects
MEDICAL care costs ,OUTPATIENT medical care ,RESOURCE allocation ,FACTOR analysis ,CHILD services ,MEDICAL care cost statistics ,NEUROLOGISTS ,TREATMENT of premature infant diseases ,PREMATURE infant diseases ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISEASES ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,LOW birth weight ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Aim: To estimate healthcare use and related costs for 2-year-old very preterm (VP) children after discharge from the neonatal unit.Methods: As part of a European project, we recruited an area-based cohort including all VP infants born in three Italian regions (Lazio, Emilia-Romagna and Marche) in 2011-2012. At 2 years corrected age, parents completed a questionnaire on their child health and healthcare use (N = 732, response rate 75.6%). Cost values were assigned based on national reimbursement tariffs. We used multivariable analyses to identify factors associated with any rehospitalisation and overall healthcare costs.Results: The most frequently consulted physicians were the paediatrician (85% of children), the ophthalmologist (36%) and the neurologist/neuropsychiatrist (26%); 38% of children were hospitalised at least once after the initial discharge, for a total of 513 admissions and over one million euros cost, corresponding to 75% of total healthcare costs. Low maternal education and parental occupation index, congenital anomalies and postnatal prematurity-related morbidities significantly increased the risk of rehospitalisation and total healthcare costs.Conclusion: Rehospitalisation and outpatient care are frequent in VP children, confirming a substantial health and economic burden. These findings should inform the allocation of resources to preventive and rehabilitation services for these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Pain management in children has significantly improved in the Italian emergency departments.
- Author
-
Benini, Franca, Castagno, Emanuele, Urbino, Antonio F., Fossali, Emilio, Mancusi, Rossella Letizia, and Milani, Gregorio P.
- Subjects
PAIN management ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,PEDIATRIC emergencies ,VENOUS puncture ,ANESTHETICS ,RESEARCH ,PAIN measurement ,MEDICAL triage ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Aim: Pain in children is often poorly assessed and treated in Italian emergency departments (EDs) as found in a survey conducted among the centres of the "Pain in Pediatric Emergency Room (PIPER)" Study Group in 2010. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in pain management in Italian EDs in the last years.Method: A structured questionnaire about pain assessment, protocols, use of local anaesthetics before venipuncture, opioids and adjuvants was mailed to 46 Italian EDs between November 2017 and April 2018.Results: Pain was always assessed at triage in 34 centres (73.9%). Algometric scales were used in over 90% of EDs. Triage protocols were available in 37 centres (80.4%). Local anaesthetics before venipuncture were always used in six centres (13.0%). Protocols included opioids and adjuvants in 73.0% and 47.2%, respectively. Triage pain assessment was always done in 91.0% of the centres joining the PIPER Study Group up to 2015 and 56.5% in ones that joined the Group after 2015 (P = .017). Local anaesthetics before venipuncture were given in 39.1% of the centres joining until up to 2015 and 13.0% in ones that joined the Group after 2015 (P = .003).Conclusion: Paediatric pain management has significantly improved in Italian EDs in the last 8 years. The centres joining the PIPER Study Group for longer time have shown better results for the indicators considered in the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Pain-related increase in serotonin transporter gene methylation associates with emotional regulation in 4.5-year-old preterm-born children.
- Author
-
Provenzi, Livio, Fumagalli, Monica, Scotto di Minico, Giunia, Giorda, Roberto, Morandi, Francesco, Sirgiovanni, Ida, Schiavolin, Paola, Mosca, Fabio, Borgatti, Renato, and Montirosso, Rosario
- Subjects
SEROTONIN transporters ,EMOTION regulation ,METHYLATION ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,BLOOD groups ,SADNESS ,RESEARCH ,PAIN ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,DNA methylation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GENES ,MEMBRANE proteins - Abstract
Aim: The main goal of this study was to assess the association between pain-related increase in serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) methylation and emotional dysregulation in 4.5-year-old preterm children compared with full-term matched counterparts.Methods: Preterm (n = 29) and full-term (n = 26) children recruited from two Italian hospitals were followed-up from October 2011 to December 2017. SLC6A4 methylation was assessed from cord blood at birth from both groups and peripheral blood at discharge for preterm ones. At 4.5 years, emotional regulation (ie, anger, fear and sadness) was assessed through an observational standardised procedure.Results: Preterm children (18 females; mean age = 4.5, range = 4.3-4.8) showed greater anger display compared with full-term controls (14 females; mean age = 4.5, range = 4.4-4.9) in response to emotional stress. Controlling for adverse life events occurrence from discharge to 4.5 years and SLC6A4 methylation at birth, CpG-specific SLC6A4 methylation in the neonatal period was predictive of greater anger display in preterm children but not in full-term ones.Conclusion: These findings contribute to highlight how epigenetic regulation of serotonin transporter gene in response to NICU pain exposure contributes to long-lasting programming of anger regulation in preterm children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Eight-year-old very and extremely preterm children showed more difficulties in performance intelligence than verbal intelligence.
- Author
-
Veen, Sarit, Wassenaer‐Leemhuis, Aleid G., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Kaam, Anton H., Aarnoudse‐Moens, Cornelieke S. H., van Veen, Sarit, van Wassenaer-Leemhuis, Aleid G, van Kaam, Anton H, and Aarnoudse-Moens, Cornelieke S H
- Subjects
VERBAL ability ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,GESTATIONAL age ,ACADEMIC achievement ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INTELLECT ,INTELLIGENCE tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,READING - Abstract
Aim: This study determined possible discrepancies between verbal IQ and performance IQ in 8-year-old very preterm (VPT) and extremely preterm (EPT) children, and examined associations between verbal IQ and performance IQ, and sociodemographic factors, perinatal factors, early cognitive outcomes and also with school achievement scores.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 120 eight-year-old VPT/EPT children. Cognitive development was assessed at the ages of 2, 5 and 8 years. Eight years' school achievement results in arithmetic, reading and spelling were collected. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of verbal IQ and performance IQ at the age of 8 years and to determine associations with school achievement scores.Results: Mean performance IQ (89.8) was significantly lower than mean verbal IQ (99.4; Cohen's d = 0.59) at the age of 8 years. Gestational age (GA), small for GA status, and cognitive scores at the ages of 2 and 5 years significantly predicted verbal IQ and performance IQ at the age of 8 years. Performance IQ at age 8 years was an important predictor for arithmetic scores (β = 0.42).Conclusion: Performance IQ was more strongly affected than verbal IQ in 8-year-old VPT/EPT children and was strongly related to mathematical difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Post-discharge neonatal hyperbilirubinemia surveillance.
- Author
-
Kaplan, Michael, Zimmerman, Deena, Shoob, Hanna, Stein‐Zamir, Chen, and Stein-Zamir, Chen
- Subjects
NEONATAL jaundice ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,CLINICS ,JAUNDICE ,BLOOD testing ,PATIENT aftercare ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,DISCHARGE planning - Abstract
Aim: To assess implementation of the Israel Neonatal Society's 2008 guidelines for universal community assessment of jaundice within 72 hours of discharge from birth hospitalisation.Methods: Mothers of newborns were interviewed at Maternal Child Health Clinics in the Jerusalem District, Israel, and asked whether their newborn had been evaluated for jaundice within the recommended time frame. Newborn discharge letters from Israeli hospitals were assessed for appropriate inclusion of instructions for early follow-up for jaundice.Results: Out of 659, 217 (32.9%) mothers whose newborns were at low risk for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia reported an examination within 72 hours of discharge. Eighteen (8.3%) were referred for a bilirubin test. In contrast, 99.1% (109/110) of high-risk newborns who were specifically invited for a bilirubin test the day following discharge complied. Out of 26, 12 (46.2%) hospital discharge letters specified both a time limit of 72 hours post-discharge and jaundice as a reason for early follow-up.Conclusion: The early community surveillance rate for jaundice was low, contrasting with near universal compliance in those who received a specific instruction for a post-discharge bilirubin blood test. Inclusion of specific written instructions in hospital discharge summaries was also low and may contribute to poor implementation of guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Variation in the definition of pulmonary hypertension and clinical indications for the use of nitric oxide in neonatal clinical trials.
- Author
-
Hoyle, Emily S., Slee, Samantha L., and Subhedar, Nimish V.
- Subjects
PULMONARY hypertension ,CLINICAL indications ,NITRIC oxide ,DEFINITIONS ,CLINICAL trials ,TRICUSPID valve insufficiency ,PULMONARY hypertension diagnosis ,THERAPEUTIC use of nitric oxide ,RESEARCH ,RESPIRATORY insufficiency ,RESEARCH methodology ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,VASODILATORS ,INHALATION administration - Abstract
Aim: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) frequently complicates neonatal hypoxaemic respiratory failure, but is inconsistently defined. We aimed to describe the variation among randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), in relation to the definition of PH and/or hypoxaemic respiratory failure used to select patients for trial inclusion.Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for RCTs of iNO in neonates. Included studies were assessed for clinical and/or echocardiography criteria used to define PH/hypoxaemic respiratory failure.Results: Thirty-two trials were included in this review, of which 23 enrolled infants ≥34 weeks' gestation. Echocardiographic diagnosis was used in 21 studies, but there was considerable variation in the echocardiographic parameters used to diagnose PH. The most commonly used indices included markers of tricuspid regurgitation and extrapulmonary shunt.Conclusion: There is wide variation in the definition of PH used to select infants for inclusion into RCTs of iNO therapy in neonates. We recommend that an international consensus be reached on which parameters should be used and the thresholds defining severity of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Parents experiences of feeding their extremely preterm children during the first 2-3 years - A qualitative study.
- Author
-
Grundvig Nylund, Anna, Gonzalez Lindh, Margareta, Ahlsson, Fredrik, and Thernström Blomqvist, Ylva
- Subjects
INTENSIVE care units ,NEONATAL intensive care ,PARENTS ,QUALITATIVE research ,CHILDREN'S hospitals ,CHILDREN of people with mental illness ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,NEONATAL intensive care units ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Aim: To describe parents of extremely preterm children experiences regarding feeding of their children during the first 3 years of the child's life.Methods: This is a qualitative study involving interviews conducted with 12 parents of nine children who had been cared for at one neonatal intensive care unit in Sweden. The interviews were conducted between May and September 2018; the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.Results: All parents experienced some difficulties with their child's eating development and described feeding their child as sometimes both difficult and frustrating. Variation in when these difficulties arose made it hard for the parents to obtain the individual support they wanted and needed. Parents experienced a need for more support - from both staff members and parents with similar experiences - during and after their child's stay at the NICU.Conclusion: All parents participating in the study experienced difficulties during some phase of their child's feeding development. They expressed the need for more specialised support both during and after their child's time at the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The impact of short-term predominate breastfeeding on cognitive outcome at 5 years.
- Author
-
Lenehan, Sonia M., Boylan, Geraldine B., Livingstone, Vicki, Fogarty, Leanna, Twomey, Deirdre Marie, Nikolovski, Janeta, Irvine, Alan D., Kiely, Mairead, Kenny, Louise C., Hourihane, Jonathon O.B., and Murray, Deirdre M.
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING ,SCHOOL attendance ,CONFOUNDING variables ,COGNITIVE development ,SECONDARY analysis ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,COGNITION ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,INCOME ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aim: Breastfeeding is associated with IQ, school attendance and income. Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months is low globally. We examined the effect of short-term breastfeeding on long-term IQ.Methods: In this secondary analysis of the prospective Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study, children were categorised as predominantly breastfed (n = 288) versus exclusively formula-fed (n = 254) at 2-months of age. Infants (n = 404) receiving mixed feeding were excluded. Outcome was assessed using the KBIT-II at 5 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for confounding variables.Results: Following adjustment for confounding variables, children, predominately breastfed at 2 months of age, demonstrated increased overall IQ (2.00 points (95% CI: 0.35 to 3.65); P = .018) and non-verbal IQ at 5 years of age (1.88 points (95% CI: 0.22 to 3.54); P = .027) compared with those never breastfed. No significant relationship was found with verbal IQ (P = .154).Conclusion: A significant increase in composite and non-verbal IQ at 5 years of age was associated with short-term breastfeeding. This study adds to a growing body of evidence that short-term breastfeeding promotes healthy cognitive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Immediate skin-to-skin contact is feasible for very preterm infants but thermal control remains a challenge.
- Author
-
Linnér, Agnes, Klemming, Stina, Sundberg, Bo, Lilliesköld, Siri, Westrup, Björn, Jonas, Wibke, and Skiöld, Béatrice
- Subjects
PREMATURE infants ,BODY temperature ,INFANT incubators ,BREASTFEEDING ,GESTATIONAL age ,PREMATURE infant diseases ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,VERY low birth weight ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,BIRTH weight ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,POSTNATAL care - Abstract
Aim: Current care of very preterm infants in an incubator implies separation of the mother-infant dyad. The aim of this study was to determine whether skin-to-skin contact (SSC) between parent and very preterm infant from birth and during the first postnatal hour is feasible.Methods: Infants born in 2014-16 in Stockholm at gestational age 28 + 0-33 + 6 weeks were randomised to care provided in SSC with a parent or on a resuscitaire and later in an incubator or bed during the first postnatal hour. Infant body temperature was measured on admission to the neonatal unit and at one postnatal hour. Data on respiratory support and breastfeeding were prospectively collected.Results: We studied 55 infants at 32 + 0 ± 1.4 weeks (range 28 + 2-33 + 6), with birthweight 1760 g ± 449 g (range 885-2822). 60% were boys. Mean body temperature in the SSC group was 0.3°C lower 1 hour after birth, 36.3°C ± 0.52 (range 34.4-37.2) vs 36.6°C ± 0.42 (range 36.0-37.4, P = .03). No differences between groups were seen in respiratory support or breastfeeding.Conclusion: Stabilisation of very preterm infants can be performed while in SSC with a parent, but caution needs to be paid to maintain normothermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Using a peer mentorship approach improved the use of neonatal continuous positive airway pressure and related outcomes in Malawi.
- Author
-
Asibon, Aba, Lufesi, Norman, Choudhury, Allysha, Olvera, Samantha, Molyneux, Elizabeth, Oden, Maria, Richards‐Kortum, Rebecca, Kawaza, Kondwani, and Richards-Kortum, Rebecca
- Subjects
CONTINUOUS positive airway pressure ,MEDICAL personnel ,RESEARCH ,SPECIALTY hospitals ,RESEARCH methodology ,MENTORING ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated whether peer mentorship was an effective and sustainable way of improving and maintaining knowledge and skills on neonatal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in a low-resource setting with a high turnover of healthcare providers.Methods: The Malawi Ministry of Health recruited five nurses with considerable CPAP experience and provided them with mentorship training from July to August 2014. The mentors then provided 1-week on-site mentorship for 113 colleagues at 10 secondary and one tertiary hospital where gaps in neonatal CPAP use had been identified. CPAP competencies and outcomes were compared 3 months before and after each mentorship.Results: In the 3 months before and after mentorship, the average CPAP competency score increased from 32 ± 4% to 97 ± 2%, while CPAP usage increased from 7% to 23% among eligible neonates. Survival following CPAP mentorship increased from 23% to 35%, but this was not significant due to the small sample size. Both mentees and mentors reported useful transfers of knowledge and skills when using CPAP.Conclusion: Mentorship effectively bridged the knowledge and skills gaps among health workers and increased CPAP use, competency scores and survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Positive mother-child interactions and parenting styles were associated with lower screen time in early childhood.
- Author
-
Detnakarintra, Khanittha, Trairatvorakul, Pon, Pruksananonda, Chandhita, and Chonchaiya, Weerasak
- Subjects
STRICT parenting ,PATH analysis (Statistics) ,HEALTH facilities ,MASS media ,PARENTING ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,MOTHER-child relationship - Abstract
Aim: This study examined long-term associations between mother-child interactions and parenting styles and electronic screen time.Methods: We studied 280 healthy children (53.2% girls) enrolled at a mean age of 36 ± 0.4 months from February 2015 to September 2016. The study included retrospective data on 267 children who had been recruited from medical facilities in Thailand at 6 months of age. Mother-child interaction, parenting styles and screen time were assessed at various ages and path analyses were performed to elucidate the directionality and relationships between the variables.Results: Increased mother-child interaction at 18 months of age was positively associated with less screen time at 2 and 3 years of age. Likewise, nurturing authoritative parenting at 3 years of age was directly related to lower media exposure at 4 years. The total screen time at younger ages had positive direct relationships with relaxed permissive and strict authoritarian parenting styles, but negative direct relationships with nurturing authoritative parenting in subsequent years.Conclusion: Early mother-child interaction and nurturing authoritative parenting were associated with subsequent decreased screen time, while media exposure at the age of two was related to relaxed permissive and strict authoritarian parenting at 3 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration in young adults in the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults.
- Author
-
Ho, Kai Yin, Goto, Rie, Näsänen‐Gilmore, Pieta, Andersson, Sture, Eriksson, Johan G., Kajantie, Eero, Hovi, Petteri, and Näsänen-Gilmore, Pieta
- Subjects
LOW birth weight ,C-reactive protein ,YOUNG adults ,ECLAMPSIA ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,VERY low birth weight ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,BIRTH weight - Abstract
Low birthweight and chronic low-grade inflammation have been significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [[1]]. Adults born preterm at a very low birthweight (VLBW) of <1500 g represent the low end of the low birthweight spectrum and have increased levels of CVD risk factors [4]. Follow-up population studies have reported higher CRP concentrations in low birthweight children and adults [[5], [7]] but the effect of VLBW on CRP in young adulthood needs to be further explored. This difference may be related to study design, as our study focused on those born preterm at a VLBW, while population-based studies have included the whole range of birthweights but included very few VLBW individuals by design. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Early birth is a key factor in educational disadvantage of twins: A data linkage study.
- Author
-
Zeltzer, Justin, Shand, Antonia W., Kelly, Patrick, Hopper, John L., Scurrah, Katrina J., and Nassar, Natasha
- Subjects
CHILDBIRTH ,TWINS ,NUMERACY ,GESTATIONAL age ,STANDARDIZED tests ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INFORMATION retrieval ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aim: To assess educational outcomes of twins and quantify the degree this is mediated by gestational age and other perinatal factors.Methods: We conducted a population-based record-linkage cohort study of all live births ≥24 weeks gestation in New South Wales, Australia with a corresponding standardised school test result for grade 3 in 2008-2014. The primary outcome was whether a child met the National Minimum Standard (NMS) cut-off in literacy and numeracy domains. Robust multivariable Poisson models were used to obtain adjusted relative risks (aRRs), and mediation analysis conducted to assess contributing factors on the causal pathway.Results: Of 351 791 liveborn infants, 10 365 (2.9%) were twins. After adjusting for maternal covariates and compared with singletons, twins had an increased risk of not meeting the NMS for all five literacy and numeracy domains (aRR 1.27-1.45, P < .001). Gestational age alone mediated up to 73% of aRRs and small for gestational age further attenuated these effects with only minimal risk remaining after adjusting for all mediators (aRR 0.94-1.07).Conclusion: Almost all of the educational disadvantage experienced by twins, compared with singletons, is attributable to the risk associated with shorter gestational age, and partly by poor foetal growth. These findings support efforts to prolong gestation of twin pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Young children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids.
- Author
-
Perälä, Miia, Ahola, Maria, Mikkola, Tytti, Pelkonen, Anna S., Remitz, Anita, and Mäkelä, Mika J.
- Subjects
ATOPIC dermatitis ,TACROLIMUS ,IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ,ECZEMA ,ALLERGENS ,RESEARCH ,ADRENOCORTICAL hormones ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents ,CUTANEOUS therapeutics ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Aim: We collected evidence and safety data for topical tacrolimus in small children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and compared the usage with topical corticosteroid.Methods: This was an interim analysis of 75 patients (55% female) at 1 year of an ongoing 3-year randomised open-label comparative follow-up study of topical tacrolimus vs corticosteroid treatment. One- to three-year-old children with moderate-to-severe eczema referred to the Skin and Allergy Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, were enrolled.Results: Efficacy parameters, the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema area, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the blood eosinophil count, showed improvement in both groups during the study. However, patients with signs of early sensitisation at baseline (elevated serum total IgE, elevated eosinophil count, positive prick tests or specific IgEs to aero or food allergens) had statistically significantly lower TEWL at the eczema site and a smaller eczema area at 12 months in the tacrolimus group. No severe adverse effects were seen during the treatment.Conclusion: Children with AD and signs of early sensitisation appeared to benefit more from early tacrolimus than corticosteroid treatment. Small children may need stronger but nevertheless safe ointment options when treating moderate-to-severe AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Premature birth was not associated with increased body fatness in four-year-old boys and girls.
- Author
-
Forsum, Elisabet Katarina, Flinke, Eva, Olhager, Elisabeth, and body composition study group
- Subjects
PREMATURE labor ,BODY composition ,OBESITY ,BODY mass index ,BODY size ,SURROGATE mothers ,PLETHYSMOGRAPHY ,RESEARCH ,PREMATURE infants ,BODY weight ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,BIRTH weight ,RESEARCH funding ,ADIPOSE tissues - Abstract
Aim: Premature birth is a worldwide problem and increases the risk of chronic disease later in life. Prematurely born infants may have a high percentage of body fat at term-equivalent age, but it is unclear if this characteristic is maintained in childhood. Therefore, we compared the size and body composition of four-year-old prematurely born children to such values of full-term controls.Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed weight, height, fat mass and fat-free mass, using air displacement plethysmography in 188 reasonably healthy prematurely born four-year-olds (98 boys).Results: At four years of age, prematurely born children (gestational weeks at birth: 23.3-36.9) tended to be lighter and shorter and to contain less fat mass and fat-free mass than did full-term controls. The gestational age at birth of the prematurely born children correlated positively and significantly (P < .05) with height, weight, body mass index, fat mass (kg, %), fat mass index and fat-free mass (kg) in girls but not in boys.Conclusion: Prematurity was not associated with increased body fatness in our four-year-olds. Our findings are relevant in relation to previously published results showing that premature birth is associated with chronic disease later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Non-evidence-based beliefs increase inequalities in the provision of infant- and family-centred neonatal care.
- Author
-
Mendizabal‐Espinosa, Rosa Maria, Warren, Inga, and Mendizabal-Espinosa, Rosa Maria
- Subjects
NEONATAL intensive care units ,MEDICAL personnel ,INTENSIVE care units ,NEONATAL intensive care ,HEALTH equity ,BELIEF & doubt ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,NEONATAL nursing ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,POSTNATAL care ,PARENTS - Abstract
Aim: To identify barriers that might explain why healthcare staff struggle to implement infant- and family-centred developmental care programmes in two neonatal intensive care units in Mexico.Methods: Ethnographic fieldwork over the course of 10 months examined interactions among healthcare professionals, parents and babies in two Mexican publicly funded hospitals. Data are drawn from interviews with 29 parents and 34 healthcare professionals and participant observations in the hospitals' neonatal units.Results: Healthcare professionals believed they acted in babies' best interests by excluding parents from the neonatal unit. Professional frustration with working conditions seemed to be increased by the belief that parents were ignorant and unhygienic. Parents were perceived as a source of infection; in contrast, healthcare professionals failed to see themselves as a possible source of cross-contamination.Conclusions: Beliefs and biases increase health inequalities when evidenced-based measures to prevent cross-infection and potentially life-saving programmes, such as kangaroo mother care and breastfeeding, are not implemented. It is imperative to develop context-appropriate education and practice guidelines to implement basic programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates. 1. Biochemical part.
- Author
-
Schousboe, Peter, Verder, Henrik, Jessen, Torben E., Heiring, Christian, Bender, Lars, Ebbesen, Finn, Dahl, Marianne, Eschen, Christian, Fenger‐Grøn, Jesper, Höskuldsson, Agnar, Reinholdt, Jes, Scoutaris, Nikolaos, Smedegaard, Heidi, and Fenger-Grøn, Jesper
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY distress syndrome ,SPECTROMETRY ,MASS spectrometry ,PREMATURE infants ,PULMONARY surfactant ,RESEARCH ,LUNGS ,RESEARCH methodology ,AMNIOTIC liquid ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,SPECTRUM analysis ,LECITHIN - Abstract
Aim: To develop a fast bedside lung maturity test.Methods: Gastric aspirates obtained from premature infants contain lamellar bodies, carrying lung surfactant. To estimate lung maturity, we isolated lamellar bodies from fresh gastric aspirates by centrifugation. Erythrocytes and other cells were lysed by adding water and discarded subsequently with the supernatant. Mid-infrared spectroscopy was then performed to measure the lung maturity as lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio. Lecithin was determined as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the most surface-active phospholipid. Algorithms to measure lecithin and sphingomyelin concentrations in fresh gastric aspirates were developed on aspirates from 140 premature infants. Each gastric aspirate sample was divided into two samples: one for mass spectrometry as reference and one for spectroscopy. Development of the algorithm is described in detail in Appendix S1.Results: Gastric aspirates stored at 4-5°C avoid flocculation of proteins and phospholipids in contrast to when the aspirates were frozen and thawed. Omission of freezing and concentration of the lung surfactant by centrifugation combined with diminished influence of proteins improves the spectroscopic measurement of lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio. Measurement of lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio by the new method was performed within 10-15 minutes.Conclusion: We present a new fast bedside lung maturity test on fresh gastric aspirate for early targeted surfactant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using a fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates: 2. Clinical part.
- Author
-
Heiring, Christian, Verder, Henrik, Schousboe, Peter, Jessen, Torben E., Bender, Lars, Ebbesen, Finn, Dahl, Marianne, Eschen, Christian, Fenger‐Grøn, Jesper, Höskuldsson, Agnar, Matthews, Morgaine, Reinholdt, Jes, Scoutaris, Nikolaos, Smedegaard, Heidi, and Fenger-Grøn, Jesper
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY distress syndrome ,CHILDBIRTH ,PREMATURE infants ,PULMONARY surfactant ,PREMATURE labor ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,LECITHIN ,SPECTRUM analysis - Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of our new rapid point-of-care (POC) test for lung maturity. The method as we describe in an accompanying article was developed with the purpose of improving the outcome from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The test enables the delivery of surfactant in infants with immature lungs already at birth and ensures that infants with mature lungs are not treated unnecessarily.Methods: Fresh gastric aspirate (GAS) was sampled at birth in a cohort of preterm infants with gestational ages ranging between 24 and 31 completed weeks for lung surfactant measurement as lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L/S). L/S was prospectively compared with RDS development. The clinical outcome was blinded for the investigators of L/S. The time for analysis was <15 minutes.Results: GAS was obtained from 72 infants. Forty-four (61%) developed RDS. The cut-off for L/S was 3.05; predicting RDS with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 79%.Conclusion: The new improved spectroscopic L/S method of lung maturity on GAS has high sensitivity. The method is designed for use as a POC test at birth, and a spectroscopic prototype has been developed for bedside use. Clinical trials with this new lung maturity test are planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Infant cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin concentrations vary widely-Associations with breastfeeding, infant diet and maternal biomarkers.
- Author
-
Øyri, Linn K. L., Bogsrud, Martin P., Kristiansen, Anne Lene, Myhre, Jannicke B., Retterstøl, Kjetil, Brekke, Hilde K., Gundersen, Thomas E., Andersen, Lene F., and Holven, Kirsten B.
- Subjects
BREASTFEEDING ,INFANTS ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,HEMOGLOBINS ,DISEASE risk factors ,PILOT projects ,REFERENCE values ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,ANIMAL feeding ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,CHOLESTEROL - Abstract
Aim: Elevated total cholesterol (TC) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, little is known about their determinants in infants. We aimed to describe TC and HbA1c concentrations in infants aged 8-14 months and explore the relation between infant TC, HbA1c, breastfeeding, infant diet, and maternal TC and HbA1c.Methods: In this cross-sectional pilot study, mothers of infants aged 6 and 12 months were invited to complete a food frequency questionnaire and to take home-based dried blood spot samples from themselves and their infants.Results: Among the 143 included infants, the mean (SD, range) concentration was 4.1 (0.8, 2.3-6.6) mmol/L for TC and 4.9 (0.4, 3.7-6.0)% for HbA1c. There was no significant difference between age groups and sexes. There was a positive relation between TC concentrations of all infants and mothers (B = 0.30 unadjusted, B = 0.32 adjusted, P < .001 for both) and a negative relation between infant TC and intake of unsaturated fatty acids in the oldest age group (B = -0.09, P = .03 unadjusted, B = -0.08, P = .06 adjusted). Infant HbA1c was not significantly related to diet or maternal HbA1c.Conclusion: TC and HbA1c concentrations varied widely among infants aged 8-14 months. Infant TC was associated with macronutrient intake and maternal TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. High birthweight was not associated with altered body composition or impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood.
- Author
-
Johnsson, Inger Wahlström, Ahlsson, Fredrik, and Gustafsson, Jan
- Subjects
BODY composition ,BIRTH weight ,BODY mass index ,GLUCOSE ,GLUCOSE tolerance tests ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,GLUCOSE metabolism disorders ,CASE-control method ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PRENATAL exposure delayed effects ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,ADIPOSE tissues - Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether a high birthweight was associated with an increased proportion of body fat or with impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood.Methods: Our cohort comprised 27 subjects with birthweights of 4500 g or more, and 27 controls with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, born at Uppsala University Hospital 1975-1979. The subjects were 34-40 years old at the time of study. Anthropometric data was collected, and data on body composition was obtained by air plethysmography and bioimpedance and was estimated with a three-compartment model. Indirect calorimetry, blood sampling for fasting insulin and glucose as well as a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were also performed. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using homoeostasis model assessment 2 and Matsuda index.Results: There were no differences in body mass index, body composition or insulin sensitivity between subjects with a high birthweight and controls.Conclusion: In this cohort of adult subjects, although limited in size, those born with a moderately high birthweight did not differ from those with birthweights within ±1 standard deviation scores, regarding body composition or glucose tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Assessment of mineral and bone biomarkers highlights a high frequency of hypercalciuria in asymptomatic healthy teenagers.
- Author
-
Bacchetta, Justine, Ginhoux, Tiphanie, Bernoux, Delphine, Dubourg, Laurence, Ranchin, Bruno, and Roger, Christelle
- Subjects
TEENAGERS ,ALKALINE phosphatase ,PARATHYROIDECTOMY ,SCLEROSTIN ,PUBERTY ,OSTEOCALCIN ,VITAMIN D metabolism ,BONE metabolism ,REFERENCE values ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,CALCIUM ,PHOSPHATES ,HYPERCALCIUREA - Abstract
Aim: Assessment of mineral metabolism is complex in paediatrics.Methods: We assessed the evolution of the main mineral and bone biomarkers (total/bone alkaline phosphatase ALP/BAP, β-crosslaps, osteocalcin, sclerostin, C-terminal and intact FGF23) in 100 healthy teenagers (10-18 years, 50 boys).Results: At a mean age of 13.7 ± 2.2 years, phosphatemia, tubular phosphate reabsorption, ALP and BAP significantly decreased along puberty in both genders, whilst parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-vitamin D (25D), FGF23, plasma calcium and urinary calcium were not modified. In girls, osteocalcin, β-crosslaps and sclerostin significantly decreased at the end of puberty. Calciuria above the crystallisation threshold (>3.8 mmol/L) and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio >0.7 mmol/mmol were found in 39% and 6% of subjects, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that renal function and PTH were significant predictors of calciuria and urinary calcium/creatinine, whilst 25D remained a predictor only of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio.Conclusion: Using the most recent assays, this study provides data for mineral/bone biomarkers across puberty and highlights the risk of hyper-calciuria in apparent asymptomatic healthy teenagers, not related to calcium intake but rather to 25D. Future studies are required to dissect the underlying mechanisms increasing calciuria and prevent nephrolithiasis as early as during childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Health Extension Workers' diagnostic accuracy for common childhood illnesses in four regions of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
- Author
-
Getachew, Theodros, Mekonnen, Solomon, Yitayal, Mezgebu, Persson, Lars Åke, and Berhanu, Della
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY infections ,EAR infections ,COMMUNITY health workers ,JUVENILE disease classification ,DIAGNOSIS of diarrhea ,DIAGNOSIS of fever ,MALARIA diagnosis ,MALNUTRITION diagnosis ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DYSENTERY ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,OTITIS ,EVALUATION research ,CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Aim: The Ethiopian primary care of sick children is provided within the integrated Community Case Management of childhood illnesses by Health Extension Workers (HEW). There is limited knowledge whether this cadre correctly assess and classify common diseases. The aim was to study their ability to correctly classify common childhood illnesses.Methods: A survey was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 in four regions of Ethiopia. Observations of the HEWs' assessment and classification of sick children were followed by child re-examination by a trained health officer.Results: The classification by the HEWs of 620 sick children as compared to the re-examiner had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 94% for diarrhoea, sensitivity 52% and specificity 91% for febrile disorders, and a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 94% for acute respiratory tract infection. Malnutrition and ear infection had a sensitivity of 39 and 61%, and a specificity of 99 and 99%, respectively.Conclusion: Most cases of diarrhoea were correctly classified, while other illnesses were not frequently identified. The identification of malnutrition was especially at fault. These findings suggest that a significant number of sick children were undiagnosed that could lead to absent or incorrect management and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Dialogic reading vs screen exposure intervention is related to increased cognitive control in preschool-age children.
- Author
-
Twait, Emma, Farah, Rola, Shamir, Netta, Horowitz‐Kraus, Tzipi, and Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi
- Subjects
PRESCHOOL children ,LANGUAGE ability ,ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,SHARED reading ,EXECUTIVE function ,READING software ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,READING - Abstract
Aim: Shared reading leads to better language and executive functions. This study was designed to examine the effect of dialogic reading compared to screen-exposed intervention on executive functions using behavioural and electroencephalogram measures.Methods: The effect of six weeks of dialogic reading intervention on executive functions was examined in 16 children (seven females, 61.73 months, SD 7.07, min-max 50-170) vs 16 children exposed to screen (six females, 64.31 months, SD 64.31, min-max 52-74) recruited through posted ads in daycares in the north of Israel. Behavioural and attention/inhibition electroencephalogram tasks were used to assess the effects of intervention.Results: Comparisons using t-test showed that the dialogic reading group demonstrated higher executive functions and language scores vs the screen-exposed group. Greater accuracy rates, shorter reaction times and a smaller gap between P300 amplitudes were found for the dialogic reading group compared to the screen group for the electroencephalogram task.Conclusion: Dialogic reading intervention is related to improved executive functions and language abilities compared to screen-based story-telling. Parents and teachers should consider employing this method in preschool children as a facilitator for future academic abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Nordic populations are still getting taller - secular changes in height from the 20th to 21st century.
- Author
-
Holmgren, Anton, Niklasson, Aimon, Aronson, A. Stefan, Sjöberg, Agneta, Lissner, Lauren, Albertsson‐Wikland, Kerstin, and Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin
- Subjects
TWENTY-first century ,TWENTIETH century ,BEAR populations ,POPULATION ,STATURE ,HUMAN growth ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,DEVELOPMENTAL psychobiology ,HISTORY ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,SCANDINAVIANS ,NORDIC people ,PARENTS - Abstract
Aim: The study aims to investigate secular changes in adult height among Nordic reference populations during the last four decades and in parents of Swedish study participants, and to study during which growth phase(s) infancy, childhood or puberty changes in height and tempo occurred.Methods: Length and height data were obtained from publications on populations used as current and previous national height references in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Measurements from birth until adult height and original parental heights of participants in Swedish reference populations born 1956, 1974, and 1990 were used.Results: Adult height has increased progressively in Nordic populations born in 1950s-1990s; for females by 6 mm/decade Norway, 4 mm; Sweden, 6 mm; Finland and Denmark, 7 mm; for males by 9 mm/decade, in Sweden, 5 mm; Finland, 7 mm; Denmark 8 mm; Norway, 15 mm. This was due to more growth during childhood despite earlier timing of mid-puberty. Heights of Swedish parents born 1920s-1960s increased 11 mm/decade for mothers, 14 mm/decade for fathers.Conclusion: The Nordic countries comprise some of the tallest populations in the world yet continue to show a positive secular change in adult height alongside a faster tempo of growth by earlier timing of puberty, highlighting the need to regularly update national height references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Validation study showed that ratings on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen at infant age six months are associated with child behavioural problems at age three years.
- Author
-
Frosch, Cynthia A., Fagan, Marcus A., Lopez, Mark A., Middlemiss, Wendy, Chang, Mei, Hane, Amie A., and Welch, Martha G.
- Subjects
MOTHER-infant relationship ,INFANTS ,INFANT development ,MOTHER-child relationship ,PREMATURE infants ,CO-sleeping ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,CHILD development ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EMOTIONS ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PLAY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,EVALUATION research ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors - Abstract
Aim: The emotional connection between mothers and infants born preterm has been associated with positive behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between emotional connection at six months of age and behavioural problems at three years.Methods: This study was carried out by the University of North Texas, USA and comprised 49 mothers and infants from a longitudinal investigation of family interaction and infant development conducted in 1994-1997. Face-to-face interaction and toy-based play were videotaped and coded at six months of age using the Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS), a brief screening tool for relational health. When the children were three years of age, the mothers reported on child behavioural problems.Results: The children from dyads that were rated as emotionally connected at six months of age had fewer externalising and internalising behavioural problems at the age of three. No links were found between emotional connection during toy-based play at six months and later child behavioural problems.Conclusion: We showed that when the WECS was used at six months of age it was a promising and valid relational screening tool for infants at risk of adverse behavioural outcomes at the age of three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The impact and understanding of childhood drowning by a community in West Bengal, India, and the suggested preventive measures.
- Author
-
Lukaszyk, Caroline, Mittal, Srabani, Gupta, Medhavi, Das, Rumeli, Ivers, Rebecca, and Jagnoor, Jagnoor
- Subjects
PARENT-child relationships ,CHILDREN ,DROWNPROOFING ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DROWNING ,HEALTH attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,RURAL population ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Aim: Our aim was to improve our understanding of the contextual factors contributing to child drowning in rural West Bengal, India.Methods: This 2017 study used interviews, focus groups and observations and the participants included community leaders, household heads, parents and children aged 7-17 years from three remote villages. They included adults and children who had been directly affected by the loss of family members or friends.Results: We conducted 19 in-depth interviews, six focus groups and three informal observations in public locations where people were exposed to water. The area contained a high number of natural open areas of water, which increased the drowning risk. Participants reported that children frequently played unsupervised near potentially hazardous water, as their parents worked long hours and there was a lack of safe recreational spaces. Suggested approaches to reducing the drowning risk included parental education to improve child supervision and establishing village committees to effectively communicate the drowning risks to local government. Low-cost, community-based approaches to improving child water safety need to be developed.Conclusion: Drowning was clearly a complex issue in rural West Bengal, with a significant impact on children and their families. Community-based approaches are clearly needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: validation of a brief mother-infant relational health screen.
- Author
-
Hane, Amie A., LaCoursiere, Jasmine N., Mitsuyama, Mai, Wieman, Sarah, Ludwig, Robert J., Kwon, Katie Y., V. Browne, Joy, Austin, Judy, M. Myers, Michael, and Welch, Martha G.
- Subjects
PREMATURE infants ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EMOTIONS ,INFANT psychology ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MOTHER-child relationship ,MOTHERHOOD ,PARENTING ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Aim: The Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS), assesses mother-infant Emotional Connection in clinical settings. It includes: Attraction, Vocal Communication, Facial Communication, Sensitivity/Reciprocity and clinical decision of Emotional Connection (yes/no). We tested concurrent and construct validity of the WECS and associations with behavioural and physiological measures in preterm infants.Methods: Videos from 76 mothers-infants (gestational age 36 weeks) during an in-NICU caregiving paradigm were coded for maternal caregiving behaviour. Videos of mothers-infants were also obtained at 4 months during 10 minutes of face-to-face play (coded with WECS and for maternal positivity and infant social engagement) and the still-face paradigm (coded for infant behavioural approach towards mother; infant electrocardiogram acquired in vivo).Results: WECS maternal scores were positively associated with maternal sensitivity and quality of vocal contact at 36 weeks (caregiving) and maternal positivity at 4 months (face-to-face). WECS infant scores positively correlated with infant social engagement and maternal positivity during face-to-face interactions at 4 months. Infants from emotionally not connected dyads (vs. emotionally connected dyads) displayed autonomic dysregulation and less approach-seeking behaviour towards mother during interactive/play sessions of the still-face paradigm.Conclusion: This preliminary evidence supports the WECS as a valid screen for rating mother-preterm infant emotional connection associated with healthier infant biobehavioural stress responding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.