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Objective: The synovial fold is an intra-articular structure found in more than 50% of the knees, which can cause symptoms similar to meniscal injuries. These symptoms are mostly related to hypertrophy of the synovial fold resulting from inadequate physical activity. Conservative treatment with readjustment of sports activity and muscle rebalancing solves most cases. Rare cases require surgical treatment, which is indicated due to the persistence of instability, blockage and pain. We present our experience in the treatment of this pathology. Methods: 58 patients (70 knees), with 62 knees treated conservatively and 8 treated surgically exclusively for the pathological synovial fold. Results: Description of the series and treatment results are reported. Conclusion: The non-surgical treatment of the pathological synovial fold of the knee provided good results within 60 days of rehabilitation program in almost 90% of the patients. Arthroscopic resection of the synovial fold is a surgery that has a longer and laborious rehabilitation period, despite good results in most cases. Level of Evidence IV, Case series. RESUMO Objetivo: A prega sinovial é uma estrutura intra-articular encontrada em mais de 50% dos joelhos, que pode provocar sintomas semelhantes aos da lesão meniscal. Esses sintomas estão relacionados, na maioria dos casos, à hipertrofia da prega sinovial decorrente de atividade física inadequada. O tratamento conservador com a readequação da atividade esportiva e reequilíbrio muscular resolve a maioria dos casos. Raros casos demandam tratamento cirúrgico, que é indicado pela persistência de falseios, bloqueios e dor. Apresentamos nossa experiência no tratamento dessa patologia. Métodos: 58 pacientes (70 joelhos), com 62 joelhos tratados conservadoramente e 8 tratados cirurgicamente exclusivamente para a prega sinovial patológica. Resultados: São apresentados descrição da série e resultados do tratamento. Conclusão: O tratamento não cirúrgico da prega sinovial patológica do joelho propiciou bons resultados com 60 dias de programa de reabilitação em quase 90% dos pacientes. A ressecção artroscópica da prega sinovial é uma cirurgia que tem um período de reabilitação mais longo e trabalhoso, apesar do bom resultado na maioria dos casos. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de casos.

Imaging plays a key role in the preoperative diagnosis, surgical planning, and postsurgical assessment of the foot, ankle, and knee pathologies. Interpreting diagnostic imaging accurately is crucial for the clinical practice of orthopedic surgeons. Although among the most used imaging modalities, radiographic assessments are amenable to errors for various technical reasons and superposition of bones. Computed tomography (CT) is a conventional imaging procedure that provides high-resolution images, but fails in considering a truly weight-bearing (WB) condition. In an attempt to overcome this limitation, WB cone beam CT technology has being successfully employed in the clinical practice for the past decade. Besides economically viable and safe, the WB cone beam CT considers WB conditions and provides high-quality scans, thus allowing an equitable and correct interpretation. This review aims to address extensive description and discussion on WBCT, including imaging quality; costs; time consumption; and its applicability in common foot, ankle, and knee, conditions. With this technology increasing popularity, and considering the extensive literature on medical research, radiologists and orthopedic surgeons need to understand its potential applications and use it optimally. Level of Evidence III, Systematic review of level III studies. RESUMO Os exames de imagem são essenciais no diagnóstico, planejamento cirúrgico e avaliação pós-cirúrgica das patologias que envolvem pé, tornozelo e joelho. A interpretação acurada utilizando as tecnologias de diagnóstico por imagem disponíveis é crucial para os cirurgiões ortopédicos na sua prática clínica. Embora as radiografias convencionais estejam entre as modalidades de diagnóstico por imagem mais utilizadas, elas estão sujeitas a erros por várias razões técnicas e sobreposição de estruturas ósseas. Apesar de a tomografia computadorizada (TC) fornecer imagens de alta qualidade, ela falha em não considerar a carga corporal fisiológica. A TC de feixe cônico com carga vem sendo utilizada com sucesso desde a última década, superando a limitação da TC convencional. Além de ser econômica e segura, possibilita a aquisição de imagens de alta resolução, com carga, permitindo, assim, uma interpretação correta e equiparável. O objetivo principal dessa revisão é proporcionar uma discussão e descrição ampla de TC com carga, incluindo qualidade de imagem, custos financeiros, tempo consumido em exames, e suas aplicações em patologias comuns do pé, tornozelo e joelho. A TC com carga vem crescendo em popularidade, e é tema de um número extenso de pesquisas científicas, sendo necessário que radiologistas e cirurgiões ortopédicos entendam suas aplicações para melhor uso futuro. Nível de Evidência III, Revisão sistemática de Estudos de Nível III.

OBJECTIVE: To show our experience with press-fit cementless stem and metaphyseal fixation with cement in a selected series of patients who underwent revision total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Thirty-four patients (35 knees) underwent revision total knee arthroplasty using the press-fit technique. Minimum follow-up was one year (mean 2.2 years) with a maximum length of three years. RESULTS: Of 34 patients, 20 were women and 14 were men. There was one death due to causes not related to arthroplasty and one patient dropout. There were no cases in which further review was necessary. Patients who underwent revision had clinical and functional improvement demonstrated by the results of the KSS, results of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire, through gains in range of motion and improved limb alignment. CONCLUSION: There was postoperative clinical and functional improvement in comparison to the preoperative status in revision total knee arthroplasty with press-fit cementless stem. Level of Evidence IV, Case series.

Objective To analyze the experience with allograft transplantation of the extensor mechanism in total knee arthroplasty and compare results with the international experience. Methods We retrospectively evaluated three cases of extensor mechanism allograft after total knee arthroplasty performed in our hospital with the aid of one of the few tissue banks in Brazil and attempt to establish whether our experiences were similar to others reported in the world literature regarding patient indication, techniques, and outcomes. Results Two cases went well with the adopted procedure, and one case showed bad results and progressed to amputation. As shown in the literature, the adequate tension of the graft, appropriate tibial fixation and especially the adequate patient selection are the better predictors of good outcomes. Previous chronic infection can be an unfavorable predictor. Conclusion This surgical procedure has precise indication, albeit uncommon, either because of the rarity of the problem or because of the low availability of allografts, due to the scarcity of tissue banks in Brazil. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Objective To translate, culturally adapt and validate the "Knee Society Score"(KSS) for the Portuguese language and determine its measurement properties, reproducibility and validity. Methods We analyzed 70 patients of both sexes, aged between 55 and 85 years, in a cross-sectional clinical trial, with diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis ,undergoing total knee arthroplasty surgery. We assessed the patients with the English version of the KSS questionnaire and after 30 minutes with the Portuguese version of the KSS questionnaire, done by a different evaluator. All the patients were assessed preoperatively, and again at three, and six months postoperatively. Results There was no statistical difference, using Cronbach's alpha index and the Bland-Altman graphical analysis, for the knees core during the preoperative period (p =1), and at three months (p =0.991) and six months postoperatively (p =0.985). There was no statistical difference for knee function score for all three periods (p =1.0). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Knee Society Score is easy to apply, as well providing as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the knee score and function of Brazilian patients undergoing TKA. Level of Evidence: Level I - Diagnostic Studies- Investigating a Diagnostic Test- Testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied 'gold' reference standard).

Objective To evaluate whether hemostasis with eletrocauterization in comparison with Floseal(r) leads to different bleeding rates during total knee arthroplasty. Methods A comparative study was performed between two groups: group with ten consecutive total knee arthroplasties with Floseal(r) used as hemostatic method and control group with ten consecutive total knee arthroplasties with eletrocauterization as hemostatic method. Bleeding parameters such as debit of the drain, liquid infusion and blood transfusion rate were recorded. Results Floseal(r) group received less blood transfusion, less liquid infusion and lower drainage in absolute numbers compared to the control group. However, no parameter was statistically significant. Conclusion Hemostasis with Floseal(r) is as effective as hemostasis with eletrocauterization, what makes it a viable alternative to patients with contraindication to electric scalpel use. Level of Evidence II, Prospective Comparative Study.